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1、 Grammar The Infinitive 一一.结构结构:to do 二二.(否定否定)not to do 二二.时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完成进行式完成进行式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing-1.作主语作主语2.作表语作表语3.作宾语作宾语4.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语5.作定语作定语6.作状语作状语动词不定式的用法动词不定式的用法1.My teacher was made _ his te
2、aching2.because of poor health.A.giving up B.to give up B.C.give up D.given upC.2.The sentence wants _ once more.D.explained B.to explain E.C.being explained D.explainingF.3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.G.having been B.to have beenH.C.to be D.being4.The Emperor ordere
3、d the wonderful cloth _ for him without delay.A.to have woven B.to be wovenB.C.to be weaving D.to weaveC.5.I found the German language hard _.D.learned B.learning E.C.to be learned D.to learn6.The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it offB.C.to turn it off D.havin
4、g turned it off7.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?-The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving,making B.to solving,madeB.C.to solve,making D.to solve,madeC.8.-What do you think of the school?D.-It is a very good _.E.school t
5、o study in F.B.school for children to studyG.C.studying school H.D.school to study9.-Did you get a job?-No,I _,but its no use.A.expected B.tried to B.C.managed to D.plannedC.10.We find it impossible for the work _D.ahead of time.E.to finish B.finishing F.C.being finished D.to be finishedG.11.-I usua
6、lly go to Shanghai by train.H.-Why not _ there by boat for a I.change?J.to try to go B.try going K.C.to try going D.try to go 12._ a living,she had to work from morning till night.A.To make B.MadeB.C.Making D.To have madeC.13.I would rather starve to death than _D.for food.E.beg B.begging C.begged D
7、.to begF.14.The boy pretended _ when his motherG.entered.H.reading B.to read I.C.to be reading D.being read1.Robert is said _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying2.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easie
8、r,_ it more difficult.A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.dont make3.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects4.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to see B
9、.to be seen C.seeing D.see5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.A.it what to do with B.what to do with it C.what to do it with D.to do what with it6.The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A.who B.when C.how D.why 7.Pa
10、ul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning8.We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met9.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.
11、do not to10.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating11.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone12.Charles Babbage is generally considered _the
12、 first computer.A.to invent B.inventing C.to have invented D.having invented13.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking14._ late in the afternoon,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having sleep15.The teacher asked us _
13、so much noise.A.dont make B.not make C.not making D.not to makeE.G.To do more exercise is good for our health.1.主语主语不定式作主语时往往放在谓语之后不定式作主语时往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.E.G.Its important to learn English well.(1).不定式直接作主语不定式直接作主语(2).疑问词疑问词+动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语E.G.How to use the computer is a question.When and
14、where to build the factory is decided.2.表语表语E.G.My job to help the patient.isisYour task to clean the classroom.E.G.His hobby is collecting stamps.His wish is to buy a large house in the future.但是如果主语是以但是如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish 等为中心词，等为中心词，常用动词不定式作表语。常用
15、动词不定式作表语。动词不定式与动词动词不定式与动词ing形式作表语的区别形式作表语的区别不定式作表语表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。不定式作表语表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作。动词动词ing形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。E.G.I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.3.宾语宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,refuse,learn,set outchoo
16、se,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan think/consider/believe/find/make+it+adj.+(for sb)to do 形式宾语结构形式宾语结构E.G.I believe it possible to learn English well.疑问词疑问词+动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语E.G.I dont know how to get there.He asked what to do next.常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force,invite,
17、order,remind4.宾语补足语宾语补足语The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.四看四看三让三让let make have二听二听 listen to hear一感一感:feel一感，二听，三让，四看：一感，二听，三让，四看：watch see observe noticeE.G.I made him do his work.He was made to do his work(by me).1.Peter was made to wait outside.2.He wa
18、s heard to unlock the door and go out.3.The man was seen to shoot the woman on the street.4.The old lady was noticed to wipe her face with a handkerchief.不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.E.G.She could do nothing but cry.I h
19、ave no choice but to go.What do you like to do besides sleep.前有前有do,后无后无to;前无前无do,后加后加to.(1)不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面。E.G.I have a lot of work to do.He is always the first to come.We all have a chance to go to college.5.定语定语(2).作定语的不定式如果是作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词不及物动词，不定，不定式后面须有式后面须有相应的介词相应的介词。E.G.
20、He is looking for a room to live in.Please give me a pen to write with.（3）不定式所修饰的名词如果是）不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。E.G.He had no money and no place to live.（4）something,anything,nothing,everything等等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。E.G.Do you have anything to send?I want
21、 something to eat.I came here to see you.I am sorry to hear that.Tom is too young to go to school.6.状语状语目的状语目的状语原因状语原因状语结果状语结果状语不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,whatwho,which,when,how,what等连用等连用,在句中起名词作用在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、可充当主语、表语、宾语等。表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.(宾语宾语)How to solve the problem is ve
22、ry important.(.(主语主语)My question is when to start.(表语表语)1.I forgot to ask you to go to the bank.2.It is very important to turn off the electricity before you check the machine.3.I know how to make a mouse out of my handkerchief.4.Luckily,we dont have much more work to do.5.She was very pleased to ha
23、ve the opportunity to travel while she was young.6.She has been very successful in her work,and now her greatest wish is to get married and have a child.1.started pushing/to push2.promised to go3.advise you to eat4.began shouting/to shout5.avoid falling 6.forget to call7.felt like throwing8.let them stay1.a.to tell b.spending2.a.putting b.to check3.a.talking b.to make c.to drink4.a.to get b.thinking