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1、3/2/20231高一英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件3/2/20232英语基本句型-1主系表结构主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;3/2/20233Our English teacher is
2、thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious.We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the work.Deep water stays still.3/2/20234巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童
3、。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.3/2/202355他失业了。他失业了。6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The report
4、sounds interesting3/2/202361.As in China,the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的几个特例：的几个特例：2.We are greatly surprised to meet him there.3.It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4.It is kind of you to say so.5.It is not easy for them to go there by bike.6.Is it Tom
5、 who is playing the piano?7.It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.3/2/20237英语基本句型-2主谓结构主谓结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常常用来表示主语的动作。用来表示主语的动作。如：如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air
6、or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.3/2/20238巩固练习：巩固练习：1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大在过去的十年里，我的家乡
7、已经发生了巨大4 419191919年，在北京爆发了年，在北京爆发了“五五.四四”运动。运动。5 5每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。6 6这个重五公斤。这个重五公斤。7 7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8 8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。3/2/202391.She went home very late yesterday evening.2.The meeting will last two hours.3.Great changes h
8、ave taken place in my home town in the past ten years.4.The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.3/2/202310 9.My grandfather gets up early in the morning.10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.8.In autumn,some birds fly to the south.7.I lived in Beijing
9、five years ago.6.This box weighs five kilos.5.Classes begin at eight every day.3/2/202311Translate the following sentences:11.会议有可能开两个半小时.The meeting will last two and a half hours.12.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.The school where I study lies by the beautiful lake.13.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.The chance which she wanted t
10、o get for a long time came at last.14他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了.He put the books in the schoolbag,but the schoolbag disappeared.15.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.The sleeping baby smiles.3/2/20231216.Barking dogs seldom bite.爱叫的狗不咬人爱叫的狗不咬人.17.A willing helper doesnt wait until he is asked.18.乐于助人者总是主动助人乐于助人者总是主动助人.19.18.虽然在下大雨,但
11、火车还是准时到达.20.The train arrived on time though it rained hard.21.19.他通过乞讨为生.22.He lives by begging.23.20.这里有些动物已经灭绝了.24.Some animals here have died out.25.21.可怜的TOM 穿得破破烂烂.26.The poor Tom dressed poorly.3/2/20231322.这个病人不可不吃东西,但要吃不含糖的东西.The sick man must not go without food,but he must have a diet wit
12、hout sugar.23.我的腿还在疼.My leg still hurts.24.火已经熄灭了.The fire has gone out.25.最后他们赢了.They won in the end.26.1937年爆发了抗日战争.The Anti-Japanese broke out in 1937.27.她不再哭了.She didnt cry any more.3/2/20231428.他一直走到山边.He walked as far as the hillside.29.这支笔很好写。30.The pen writes smoothly.31.30.这些苹果很好卖.32.These
13、apples sell well.33.31.水果不易保鲜.34.Fruits cant keep well.35.32.这种布很易洗.36.This kind of cloth washes easily.37.33.她高兴地跳起来了.38.He jumped with joy.3/2/20231534.你做得很好。You are doing well/fine.35.表坏了。The clock doesnt work now.36.用石头建成的房子比用木头建的房子更耐用一些.A house built of stones lasts longer than that built of wo
14、od.37.李教授,很多学生想见你.是让他们在这里等还是在外面?等?Professor Li,many students want to see you.Shall they wait here or outside?38.她疼得哭了起来.She cried with pain.3/2/20231639.校长笑着进来了。The headmaster came in with a laugh/smile.40.这间房子的窗户朝南.The window of this house faces south.41.你是谁没关系.但你会干什么有关系.It doesnt matter who you ar
15、e,but it matters what you can do.42.我在这里一直等到10 点钟.I waited here until 10 oclock.43.他急急忙忙地走了.He left in a hurry.44.两天后,天放晴了.Two days later,it cleared up in the end.3/2/20231745.汽车的价格会下降的.The price of the car will go down/fall.46.这本杂志什么时候会出版?When will the magazine come out?47.这个工程什么时候开工?When will the
16、project start?48.他为什么哭了?Why did he cry?49.这个事情怎么发生的?How did it happen?50.除了你,还有三个人赢了。Besides you,three other people also won.3/2/202318英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语构成宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如如：1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorro
17、w.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.7.Mother promises to give me a present.3/2/202319巩固练习：巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语
18、言。6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？3/2/2023201.I wrote a letter last night.2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.3.He has read this book many times.4.They have carried out the plan successfully.5.T
19、hat gentleman can speak three languages fluently.3/2/2023216.I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.7.Jim cannot dress himself.8.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.9.He did not know what to say.10.Do you mind my opening the window?3/2/202322英语基本句型英语基本句型4 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：此结构由说明：此结
20、构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受
21、益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。等。3/2/202323巩固练习：巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事
22、。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。3/2/2023241.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.3.Would you please pass me the dictio
23、nary?4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.5.Shall I call you a taxi?6.The new machine will save you a lot of labour.7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.3/2/202325英语基本句型英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构 说明说明:此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾宾语补足语语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间
24、有逻辑上的主谓逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语做形式宾语
25、，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.3/2/202326巩固练习：巩固练习：1我们叫她我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨
26、我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we hear him read English aloud.He has his hair cut once a month.We wont let her
27、 go out at night.3/2/2023279那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。我从来没看见这个字这样用过。12他感到很难跟你交谈。他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。The terrible sound made the children frightened.She is listening to someone telling stories.I hav
28、e never seen the word used that way before.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.3/2/202328英语基本句型英语基本句型6 There be 句型句型 说明：说明：此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主语主语+状语状语”构
29、成，用以表达存在关系可以称构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用此句型有时不用be动词，而用动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.3/2/202329
30、 Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：态变化。如：现在有现在有 there is/are 过去有过去有 there was/were 将来有将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有可能有 there might be.肯定有肯定有 there must be/there must have been.过去曾经有过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed
31、to be 碰巧有碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 3/2/202330巩固练习：巩固练习：2这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。7战前这儿一直有家电影院的战前这儿一直有家电影院的.8恰好那时房里没人。恰好那时房里没人。9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。11就只剩下二十八美元了。就只剩下二十
32、八美元了。13铃响了。铃响了。3/2/202331There was only a well in the village.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.The light is on.There must be someone ion the office.There used to be a cinema here before the war.There happened to be nobody in the room.Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.There comes the bus.There remained only twenty eight dollars.There goes the bell.3/2/202332