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1、高中英语语法：被动语态的考点难点辨析被动语态与系表结构的区别动词“be+过去分词”这一结构既可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构。这两种结构主要的区别是：被动语态强调动作，系表结构强调状态。我们还可以通过以下方法来判断：从形式上来看，被动语态往往接by施动者，而系表结构往往有固定的搭配，如be joined to, be connected with, be separated from, be covered with, be interested in, be surprised at, be satisfied with, be concerned about等。We were surpri
2、sed at the unexpected news.听到这个意外消息，我们感到惊讶。(系表结构)注意：句中有“by+人”时，多用被动语态；而“by+物”时，多属系表结构。如：The house was surrounded by the police.这房子被警察包围了。(被动语态)The house was surrounded by trees.这房子四周都是树。(系表结构，表示静止的状态)从时态上来看，被动语态的be时态要与动作发生的时间一致；而系表结构的be只有一般时或完成时，表示目前或过去的性质或状态。如：This window was broken by Kate yesterd
3、ay. (被动语态)这窗户是凯特昨天打破的。(被动语态)This glass is broken.这块玻璃是破的。(系表结构，指目前的状态)从句中的状语来看，过去分词前有well, very, quite等副词修饰的是系表结构；若句中有时间、方式或目的状语时，一般为被动语态。The play is well written.这剧本写得很好。(系表结构)The play was written with great care.这剧本是非常用心地写出来的。(被动语态，有方式状语)被动语态中的过去分词必须是及物动词，而系表结构中的过去分词可以是gone, fallen, risen等不及动词。如下列
4、两句是系表结构：My pen is gone.我的钢笔不见了。The sun is risen.太阳升起来了。过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别1.过去分词用作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在功能上更接近形容词，它不仅可用于系动词be之后，也可根据需要用于其他系动词之后。如：Be prepared!大家准备好!Please remain seated.请不要站起来。He seemed embarrassed.他似乎有点尴尬。Soon he grew used to it.不久他变得对它习惯了。2.被动语态中的过去分词动作意味较强，它只能与助动词be（有时可能是get）构成被动结构，不宜用于其他动词之后。
5、如：He was driven away in a police car.他被用警车带走了。The guests were introduced to Jane.客人们被介绍给了简。The food was cooked last night.饭是昨天晚上做的。所以如果语义需要，其后可以接表示动作执行者的by短语。如：He was killed by a falling stone.他被一块掉下来的石头砸死了。This tree was planted by my grandfather.这棵树是我祖父种的。英语两类有用的被动句型It be +过去分词+that句型It is said tha
6、t据说It is reported that据报导It is supposed that据推测It is hoped that希望It is well known that众所周知It is generally considered that普遍认为It is suggested that有人建议注：这类结构有的还可改用接不定式的形式来表达。如：It is said that he has been to Japan.据说他去过日本。He is said to have been to Japan.be +过去分词+to do结构The meeting is scheduled to take
7、 place next week.会议定于下周举行。All are supposed to come to the meeting on time.所有人都应该按时到会。也谈主动形式表被动含义某些系动词，如feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, prove, remain等用主动形式表示被动意义；主语通常是事物，且表示该事物本身具有某一固有特征。如：The material feels very soft.这种料子摸起来很柔软。误：The material is felt very soft.The music sounds beautif
8、ul.这音乐听起来很美妙。误：The music is sounded beautiful.表示主语由内在品质或性能，使得主语得以实现或不能实现，用主动表示被动，常见的这类动词有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, open, close, lock等。1.同well, badly, easily等副词连用。如：The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。The book sells well.那本书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔很好写。2.谓语动词用否定式。如：The window wont open.这
9、扇窗开不了。The door wont lock.这门锁不上。3.主语+谓语(blow, wear等) +主补。如：The door blew open.门被风吹开了。某些日常用语，cook, bake, make, print, pack, build, work out等动词用于进行时态时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The fish is cooking.鱼正在煮。The book is printing.那本书正在印刷中。The plan is working out.计划正在制订。不定式在下列情况下用主动形式表示被动意义：1.在“be+形容词+fit to do”句型中。如：Eng
10、lish words are difficult to remember.英语单词很难记。注：常用于此句型形容词有easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, comfortable等。2.在作补语的形容词后作状语的不定式。如：We found the book easy to understand.我们觉得这本书的容易懂。3.在This /That /These /Those be后的名词后的不定式。如：This is a difficult problem to solve.这是一个很难解决的问题。4.在“there be/have/with sth. to d
11、o(有要)”结构中。如：I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。5.在“疑问代词+不定式”结构。如：The question is what to do next.问题是接下来做什么。6.在“be to blame/seek/let”结构中。如：The house is to let.此房出租。He is to blame for this.他因此事应受到责备。在表示“需要”的need, want, require，及be worth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。如：The floor needs sweeping.这地需要打扫了。That pic
12、ture is worth looking at.那幅画值得看。有关被动语态的几个重要考点将语态与主谓一致结合起来命题1.All the employees except the manager _to work online at home.A. encouragesB. encourageC. is encouragedD. are encouraged解析：主语是all the employees(复数)，而不是the manager，排除答案A和C；又因all the employees与encourage是被动关系，要用被动语态，排除B，故选D。2.A library with fi
13、ve thousand books _to the nation as a gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered解析：a library是offer的承受者，要用被动语态，排除B和D；又因主语(library)是单数，排除C；故选A。注意：with five thousand books是a library是定语。将语态与虚拟语气结合起来命题Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the prob
14、lem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析：因he与send是被动关系，排除D；又因it (is) necessary后的that从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”，排除选项A；答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子成分，用that；故选B。将语态与倒装结合起来命题Only after my friend came _.A. did the computer repaired B. b
15、e repaired the computerC. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired解析：因the computer与repair是被动关系，排除A；又因only加状语置于句首，要用部分倒装，排除选项D和B；故选C。将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度Good care must _babies, particularly while they are ill.A. takeB. take ofC. be taken D. be taken of解析：由固定短语take good care of(好好照看)是可知，
16、good care与take是被动关系，排除A和B；选项C中又漏掉了of；故选D。在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题1.The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuadeC. be persuadedD. are persuaded解析：因people与persuade是被动关系，排除A和B。又因为主语是一般将来时，条件句中用一般现在时，所以选D。2.Hundreds of jo
17、bs _if the factory closes.A. lose B. will be lostC. are lost D. will lost解析：因lose与jobs是被动关系，排除A和D；又因条件状语从句是一般现在时，主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时，故选B。3.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _each year.A. were washed away B. is being washed awayC. are washing away D. are being washed away解
18、析：因good earth(沃土)与wash away(冲走)是被动关系，排除C；又因quantities of作主语，谓语动词用复数，排除B；指近阶段(近些年)正在发生的事，用现在进行时，排除A；故选D。4.The window is dirty.I know. It _ for weeks.()A. hasnt cleanedB. didnt clean C. wasnt cleanedD. hasnt been cleaned解析：由is和for weeks可知，要用现在完成时态，排除B和C；又因It (The window)与clean是被动关系，要用被动语态，所以选D。5.Georg
19、e and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding?No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invitedB. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite解析：因为I与invite是被动关系，又因为邀请应当发生在结婚之前，got married是过去，invite就该是过去的过去，所以用过去完成时的被动语态，只有C正确。6.The mayor of Beijing says that all con
20、struction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.A. has been completedB. has completedC. will have been completedD. will have completed解析：因“by+将来时间”通常与将来完成时连用，所以由by 2006可排除A和B；又因为work与complete是被动关系，所以要被动语态，只有C正确。7.Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may _run over by a car.A. have B. get C. become D. turn解析：you与run over是被动关系，选项中只有get才可与过去分词run构成被动语态，故选B。学科网（北京）股份有限公司