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1、2018高考英高考英语-阅读中的中的长难句句解析高考英语解析高考英语 阅读中的长难句阅读中的长难句He who is good at reading will conquer the world.2021/5/2221.回忆三种基本句子类型回忆三种基本句子类型2.长难句的类型及分析方法长难句的类型及分析方法3.长难句分析在高考阅读中的演练长难句分析在高考阅读中的演练2021/5/223句子种类句子种类 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句长难句之朝花夕拾篇长难句之朝花夕拾篇2021/5/224(1)We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit
2、 area in Yushu and many students raised money for them.(2)Having suffered a number of health problems,former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona.(3)The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options.a simple sentence a co
3、mpound(复合）sentence a coordinate(并列）sentenceSamaranch died _ _m2021/5/225 结构分析法结构分析法明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。A.A.判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；B.B.找出句子的主干成分找出句子的主干成分(主语和谓语主语和谓语)，分清，分清句子附属成分，理解句子大意。句子附属成分，理解句子大意。C C.层层分析，层层剥离层层分析，层层剥离2021/5/226句句 子子判判 断断简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句主主 干干并列连词并列连词从属
4、连词从属连词2021/5/227Subordinating Conjunctions从属连词从属连词 In Adverbial Clauses状从状从:Before,after,when,while,as,since,until,till,if,unless,in case,in order that,so that,because,as,since,sothat,suchthat although,though,even though/if,whether,as if,as though,where.In Attributive Clauses定从定从:Which,that,who,whom
5、,whose,when,where,whyIn Noun Clauses名从名从:What,that,whether,if,how,which,when,why,whereCompound Conjunctions并列连词并列连词 and but or so while（而）（而）when(这时，那时）这时，那时）for2021/5/228 句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主干是整个句子的骨是整个句子的骨架，主要指架
6、，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。其是定语从句和状语从句。我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。2021/5/229 Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college grad
7、uates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,to help reduce unemployment pressures.(2009 江苏江苏)介词短语介词短语时间状语时间状语介词短语介词短语同位语同位语过去分词做定语过去分词做定语定语定语长难句之分门别类篇长难句之分门别类篇1.带有较多成分带有较多成分 的简单句的简单句不定式做状语不定式做状语Schools are expected to hire college graduates去枝叶去枝叶,留主干。留主干。2021
8、/5/22102.含有多个从句的复合句含有多个从句的复合句Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say that he didnt know that his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.找从属连词
9、找从属连词,分析从句分析从句,理解句意。理解句意。2021/5/2211 并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法 先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句 you ask people to name one person had the greatest effect on the English language,you will get answers like“Shakespeare”,“Samuel Johnson”,and“Webster”,none of these men had any effect at all compared to
10、a man didnt even speak EnglishWilliam,the Conqueror.butIfwhowho2021/5/22123.含有插入语的句子含有插入语的句子这种句子的特点是在正常的这种句子的特点是在正常的句子中句子中插入一些或长或短的插入一些或长或短的成分或句子成分或句子，比如，比如同位语（从句）、同位语（从句）、非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等等等，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解上的困难。我们称之为造成理解上的困难。我们称之为“打岔打岔”。有。有时有时有逗号或破折
11、号逗号或破折号分开，分开，忽略插入成分忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题直奔句子主题.2021/5/2213 The lack of right male(男性的男性的)role models in many of their livesat home and particularly in the school environment(环境环境)means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.(2008辽宁卷辽宁卷C篇篇)译文：在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其译文：在他们很多人的生活
12、中，如在家里，尤其是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的们只好对照自己的同龄人同龄人来评判自己。来评判自己。2021/5/2214 Science has become so important in the modern world,with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted,that it is included among modern social institutions.随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广随着科学研究程序达到高度标准
13、化并被广泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此重要，以至被纳入现代社会制度之中。重要，以至被纳入现代社会制度之中。2021/5/2215 4.成分省略成分省略 The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally wont pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females,whereas girls usually will.把握大意把握大意,找出上文对应找出上文对应信息信息,补充省略成分补充省略成分2021/5/2216 Bef
14、ore 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.5.倒装句倒装句确定主语确定主语,调整语序调整语序,把握大意把握大意.2021/5/22171.Mobile phone SIM cards which are put in the collars(项圈项圈)of elephants automatically send a text message when they get too close to farms,allowing wildli
15、fe workers to drive them off rather than shoot them.2.I was discussing this problem recently with a colleague who had been beating his head against the wall for months trying to get a story about a mysterious“dark force”in cosmology(宇宙学宇宙学)past editors at New Yorker.长难句之小试牛刀篇长难句之小试牛刀篇 _ _ _2021/5/22
16、183.Barber acknowledges that finding time to work out and get a full nights sleep can be difficult when work pressure is mounting,and that often,job stress can be directly related to sleep quality.4.The findings also revealed that when employees felt they had a bad nights sleep because of work issue
17、s,they were more likely to be grouchy at home.2018广东模拟(一)_2021/5/2219 长难句之长难句之 方法总结篇方法总结篇2021/5/2220 1.带有较多成分的简单句带有较多成分的简单句-去枝叶，留主干。去枝叶，留主干。2.含有多个从句的复合句含有多个从句的复合句 -找从属连词找从属连词,分析从句分析从句,理解句意。理解句意。3.含有插入成分的句子含有插入成分的句子 -忽略插入成分忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题。直奔句子主题。4.倒装句倒装句-确定主语确定主语,调整语序调整语序,把握大意。把握大意。5.成分省略成分省略 -把握大意把握大意
18、,找出对应信息找出对应信息,补充省略成分。补充省略成分。2021/5/2221分析：分析：是状语从句，是状语从句，是主句，是主句，是是withwith引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句子划为语。这样，把整个句子划为3 3个意群，可个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。以大大提高阅读速度。When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other，an unbelted driver would meet the windshieldwith a force equal to diving headfirst into the
19、 ground from a height of 10 meters.1.意群阅读法意群阅读法2021/5/22222.剥丝抽茧法剥丝抽茧法先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分层理解修饰成分或附加成分。如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么从句。是名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，2021/5/22233.良好习惯多尝试分析长难句并找出20个长难句进行朗读并背诵。2021/5/2224 长难句之长难句之 实战演练篇实战演练篇2021/5/22253.良好习惯多尝试分析长难句并找出20个长难句进行朗读并背诵。2021/5/22263.良好习惯多尝试分析长难句并找出20个长难句进行朗读并背诵。2021/5/22272021/5/2228谢谢大家！