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1、Unit 3 Unit 3 Language in useLanguage in use 英语句子有主动语态和被动语态之分。主英语句子有主动语态和被动语态之分。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如果我语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如果我们不知道或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者，们不知道或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或需要强调动作的承受者，就要用到被动或需要强调动作的承受者，就要用到被动语态。语态。被动语态被动语态一、主动语态变被动语态的方法一、主动语态变被动语态的方法【例句例句】我们每天打扫教室。我们每天打扫教室。主动语态：主动
2、语态：We clean our classroom every day.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 被动语态：被动语态：Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语【口诀口诀】宾提前变主，主变介宾提前变主，主变介by宾，谓语宾，谓语“be+done”，状语不用变。，状语不用变。【说明说明】主动语态变被动语态一般分四步：主动语态变被动语态一般分四步：1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；2.将主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓将主动语态的谓语结构变为被动语态的谓语结构，即语结构，即“be+动
3、词的过去分词动词的过去分词”；3.将主动语态中的主语放在介词将主动语态中的主语放在介词by后，后，by短短语通常位于被动谓语结构之后；语通常位于被动谓语结构之后；4.主动语态中的时间、地点状语等在被动语主动语态中的时间、地点状语等在被动语态中不变。态中不变。二、一般现在时的被动语态的否定、疑问形式二、一般现在时的被动语态的否定、疑问形式一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式是在一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式是在am,is,are后加后加not；一般疑问句形式是将一般疑问句形式是将am,is,are提到句首；特殊疑问句形式是提到句首；特殊疑问句形式是“疑问词疑问词+一般疑问句一般疑问句”结构。如：结构。
4、如：The desk is made by him.(肯定句肯定句)The desk is not made by him.(否定句否定句)Is the desk made by him?(一般疑问句一般疑问句)What is the desk made of?(特殊疑问句特殊疑问句)三、主动语态变被动语态时常见错误分析三、主动语态变被动语态时常见错误分析主动语态变被动语态时，初学者常犯以下两主动语态变被动语态时，初学者常犯以下两种错误：种错误：1.误用人称代词误用人称代词 Jim often sees us.【误误】Us are often seen(by Jim).【正正】We are o
5、ften seen(by Jim).【析析】如果主动语态句子的宾语是人称代词如果主动语态句子的宾语是人称代词,在变被动语态时要用其对应的主格形式。在变被动语态时要用其对应的主格形式。2.混淆主、被动谓语结构混淆主、被动谓语结构 Does he do a lot of work every day?【误误】Does a lot of work done(by him)every day?【正正】Is a lot of work done(by him)every day?【析析】不要把主、被动谓语结构混在一不要把主、被动谓语结构混在一起，尤其在否定句和疑问句中。起，尤其在否定句和疑问句中。Wor
6、k in pairs.Compare these sentences Work in pairs.Compare these sentences with the sentences in the grammar box.with the sentences in the grammar box.1.Millions of people see Shakespeares 1.Millions of people see Shakespeares plays every year.plays every year.Shakespeares plays Shakespeares plays are
7、 seenare seen by by millions of people every year.millions of people every year.2.Today people think it is one of the 2.Today people think it is one of the greatest books in American literature.greatest books in American literature.Today it Today it is thoughtis thought to be one of the to be one of
8、 the greatest books in American literature.greatest books in American literature.3.Many people today still read3.Many people today still read Confucius works.Confucius works.Confucius works Confucius works areare still still readread by by many people today.many people today.4.People dont know Mark
9、Twain as a 4.People dont know Mark Twain as a great thinker.great thinker.Mark Twain Mark Twain isnt knownisnt known as a great as a great thinker.thinker.Now choose the correct form of the words Now choose the correct form of the words in the box to complete the sentences.in the box to complete the
10、 sentences.grow/isnt grown influence/are influenced punish/is punished respect/are respectedChinese people respect their parents.Chinese people respect their parents.Parents Parents are respectedare respected by Chinese by Chinese people.people.1.Tom _for fighting.1.Tom _for fighting.2.They _ Tom fo
11、r fighting.2.They _ Tom for fighting.3.Confucius thoughts _ people 3.Confucius thoughts _ people around the world.around the world.4.People in the world _by 4.People in the world _by Confucius thoughts.Confucius thoughts.5.Farmers _ rice in spring.5.Farmers _ rice in spring.6.Rice _ in winter in the
12、 north.6.Rice _ in winter in the north.is punishedis punishedpunishpunishinfluenceinfluenceare influencedare influencedgrowgrowisnt grownisnt grownWork in pairs.Ask and answer.which book/describe/in New standard magazine?The Adventures of Tom SawyerWhich book is described in New Standard magazine?Th
13、e Adventures of Tom Sawyer.1.what/happen/Tom Sawyer?He has many exciting adventures.he /think/to be dead What happened to Tom Sawyer?He has many exciting adventures.He is thought to be dead.2.who/punish/in the book?Injun Joe/punish/for/bad behaviour Who is punished in the book?Injun Joe is punished
14、for bad behaviour.3.what/special/about the book?it/believe/to be one of the greatest American books What is special about the book?It is believed to be one of the greatest American books.Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words.Tom:Why are popular books made(make)into films?Jerry
15、:Oh,because the story(1)_(already/know)by lots of people,so the film versions will become popular as well.Tom:But why(2)_ the story sometimes _(change)in the film version?has already been knownischangedJerry:Because films and books work differently.Some characters in the book are not included in the
16、 film version,but others(3)_(give)more important roles they had in the book.Tom:Surely that doesnt happen in historical films?are givenJerry:Yes,it does,actually.Sometimes even the facts about history(4)_(change).Tom:But how can historical facts be rewritten?Jerry:Because films do not intend to teac
17、h history,but rather,to tell a good story!are changedComplete the passage with the correct Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.form of the words in the box.die hero influence kill popular prefer punish themeFilms of Shakespeares plays are still(1)_ today because young
18、people like to read the plays but often(2)_ to see them in the cinema.popularpreferHis stories are exciting and the(3)_ are meaningful.We see what the(4)_ do and what(5)_ them.For example,kings(6)_ by bad men,girls and boys(7)_ for love;and bad people(8)_ for their bad behaviour.themesheroesinfluenc
19、esare killeddieare punishedBettyDaming You1.Modern books can be great books.2.Books are more important than films.3.Seeing a play is more interesting than seeing a film.4.Watching TV is more fun than reading a book.Listen and check()the statements that Betty and Daming agree with.Complete the conver
20、sation with the correct form of the phrases in the box.a bit as far as for example in fact have got it right think aboutTony:Hello,Daming.Youre spending a lot of time in the library today.Whats up?Daming:Hello,Tony.Im(1)_ my article for New Standard.The title is“my favourite book”,but I cant decide
21、what to write about.Tony:Well,whats your favourite book?Daming:I havent got one(2)_,I dont really enjoy reading.thinking aboutIn factTony:I see,well.that makes it(3)_ difficult.Can you write about something else,a film,(4)_?Daming:I dont think so.I promised Betty that Id write about my favourite boo
22、k.Tony:(5)_a bitfor exampleAs far asI can see,Betty will be pleased if you write an article,even if its a not about a book.Daming:I think you(7)_!Ill write about my favourite film instead.Thanks,Tony.Tony:Youre welcome.have got it right请关于请关于Plato的简介，完成下面各题。的简介，完成下面各题。请根据英文释义写出短文中出现过的对请根据英文释义写出短文中出现
23、过的对应的词汇。应的词汇。1._ very old,not modern 2._ have an effect on 3._come back or go back returnancientinfluence请将请将The modern world is still influenced by his thoughts改为主动语态。改为主动语态。4._ _ 请回答下面的问题。请回答下面的问题。5.What are Platos works called?_The Dialogues.His thoughts still influence the modern world.课堂小测验课堂小测
24、验.下面各句中均有一处错误，请指出下面各句中均有一处错误，请指出 并改正。并改正。1.Confucius works are still readed by many people today.2.Millions of people are seen Shakespeares plays every year.3.Which book described in New Standard?are seen seereaded readdescribed is described.请将下列各句改为被动语态请将下列各句改为被动语态(每空一词每空一词)。1.Everyone loves music.
25、_ by everyone.2.My aunt often gives me foreign stamps.I _ often _ foreign stamps by my aunt.3.How often do you clean the floor?How often _?Music is lovedamgivenis the floor cleaned4.The small boy eats a big fish every day.A big fish _ the small boy every day.5.They grow rice in the town.Rice _ in th
26、e town by _.is eaten byis grownthem .请将下列各句改为主动语态请将下列各句改为主动语态(每空一词每空一词)。1.Is a meeting held here every Saturday?_ they _ here every Saturday?2.Is the song sung by Jim?_ Jim _ the song?3.What is done by Betty when she is at home?What _when she is at home?Dohold a meetingDoessingdoes Betty do .请根据所给汉语
27、请根据所给汉语,完成下列各句完成下列各句(每每空一词空一词,含缩写含缩写)。1.就我所知就我所知,我们不会迟到我们不会迟到,因为我们有因为我们有 很多的时间。很多的时间。_ I know,we wont be late,because we have plenty of time.2.你不能跟我们一起去真遗憾。你不能跟我们一起去真遗憾。_ that you cant go with us 3.我再也不开车了。我再也不开车了。I _ drive _.As far asIts a pitydontany more4.他是家里唯一活着的人。他是家里唯一活着的人。He is the only person _ in his family.5.我还有好多事情要做。我还有好多事情要做。I still have _ to do.6.你为什么不向你的老师求助呢？你为什么不向你的老师求助呢？_ to your teacher for help?Why dont you goalivea lot of work