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1、专题五介词专题五介词考点一介词辨析考点突破考点突破考点二介词的固定搭配考点一介词辨析考点一介词辨析考点突破一、时间介词1.at多用于具体的钟点时刻前,如:atseven,ataquartertoone;也可用于固定搭配中,如:atnoon,atnight。2.in表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。如:inthetwenty-firstcentury在21世纪,inautumn在秋天,inthemorning在早上;还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。3.on主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。如:onJune1st
2、在6月1日4.since,from和for(1)since指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,句子用完成时。如:Hehaslivedheresince1993.从1993年开始他一直住在这里。(2)from说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。如:Fromnowon,IwilllearnEnglishinthemornings.从今以后,我将在早晨学英语。(3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,句子用完成时。如:IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已经学英语六年了。5.after(1)after表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后,可用于一般过去时。
3、如:Theyfinishedtheworkaftertwoyears.他们两年后完成了这项工作。(2)after与时间点连用表示过去或将来的某个时间之后。如:Illringyouupaftertwooclock.我会在两点后打电话给你。6.“by+时间点”表示“到为止”,如果by后跟一个过去的时间点,句子谓语动词应用过去完成时。如:Wehadlearned1,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.到上个学期末,我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。7.“during+时间段”与延续性动词连用表示一段时间内的动作。如:Heliveswithusduringtheseye
4、ars.这些年他跟我们一起住。8.until用于否定句中,意为“直到才”,其前的谓语动词需用瞬间性动词;用在肯定句中,意为“直到为止”,其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词。如:Ididntleaveuntilmymothercamehome.直到我妈妈回家我才离开。Iwaitedformymotheruntilshecamehome.我一直等到妈妈回家。9.before和after表示时间,分别意为“在之前”和“在之后”。如:Pleasebringyourhomeworkbeforetenoclock.请于十点前把你们的作业带来。介词用法例句in表示在某一范围之内的某方位(属于该范围)Guangzh
5、ouisinthesouthofChina.广州位于中国的南部。on表示与某地是毗邻关系VietnamisonthesouthofChina.越南位于中国的南部。to表示在某一范围之外的某方位(不属于该范围)JapanliestotheeastofChina.日本位于中国的东部。二、方位介词1.表示方位的in,on,to2.over,above和on的用法区别介词用法例句over指在的正上方,表示垂直在上Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有座桥。above泛指在上方,表面不接触Raiseyourarmsaboveyourhead.把你的手臂举过你的头。on指在上面,表示
6、两个物体接触Thereisaplateonthetable.桌子上有一个盘子。介词用法例句at表示较小的地点Theyarrivedlateatthebusstop.他们晚到了车站。in表示较大的地点HelivesinChina.他住在中国。on表示在一个平面上Theyareworkingonthefarm.他们正在农场干活。3.at,in和on的用法区别4.infrontof,inthefrontof和before介词用法例句infrontof表示“在前面”(范围外)Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一些树。inthefrontof表示“在
7、的前部”(范围内)Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.在教室的前面有一张课桌。before所表示的位置关系和infrontof相同,表示“在前,在前面”Hesitsbeforeme.他坐在我前面。介词用法例句below表示“在下方或位置低于”,不一定有垂直在下之意Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.这件外套到了膝盖下面。under表示“在正下方”Therearemanybikesunderthetrees.树下有许多自行车。5.below和under三、其他介词1.by,in和on表出行方式by:不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by。如:b
8、ysea,byair;涉及表示交通工具的名词,且该名词为单数形式,前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by。如:byship,byplane。on或in:当出行方式涉及特定的交通工具时用on或in,交通工具前应有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on,在封闭型工具前用in。如:onmybike,inacar。2.in,with和by表示“用”时的区别in主要表示“用语言、声音、原材料等”;with表示“用具体有形的东西”;by表示“用手段或方式”,后常接动名词。如:CanyousingthissonginEnglish?你能用英语唱这首歌吗?Iwritemyhomew
9、orkwithapen.我用钢笔写作业。Thegirlmademoneybysellingflowers.这个女孩通过卖花赚钱。3.but,besides和except的区别but表示“除之外”,常与含否定意义的词连用;except表示“除之外(不再有)”,指从整体中排除except所接的人或物,前面常有all,every,any,no等,但在否定句中,except却没有排斥性;besides表示“除之外(还有)”,它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物,其前常有other,another,anyother,afew等词。如:Wevehadnothingbuttroublewi
10、ththiscar.我们这辆车净出毛病。AllthestudentswenttothezooexceptJim.除了吉姆,所有的学生都去动物园了。Ihaveafewgoodfriendsbesidesyou.除了你之外,我还有几个好朋友。4.with与without的区别with意为“和,对,附带,带有”,常用搭配有:withthehelpof.,playwith,talkwith。without意为“没有”,常用搭配有:withoutsayingaword,withoutbreakfast。5.ofsb.与forsb.的区别ofsb.用于Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.句型中,
11、形容词为clever,kind,nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。forsb.用于Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.句型中,形容词为easy,important等不描述人物性格特征的词,for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。如:Itiskindofyoutohelpme.谢谢你帮助我。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.对我们来说学好英语很重要。考点二介词的固定搭配考点二介词的固定搭配1.介词短语辨析bymistake错误地byaccident偶然地byheart用心indanger在危险中introuble处于困
12、境toonessurprise使某人吃惊的是toonesjoy使某人高兴的是2.bemade常见结构(1)bemadein在某地制造(2)bemadeof和bemadefrom都可以表示“用制成”,但bemadeof强调从成品上能看出原材料,而bemadefrom则表示从成品上看不出原材料。(3)bemadeinto被制成(4)bemadeupof由组成3.beused常见结构(1)beusedto=becomeusedto=getusedto习惯(做),后接名词、代词或动名词。(2)beusedto被用来(做),后接动词原形。(3)beusedfor意义相当于beusedtodo,但for后
13、接动名词形式。(4)beusedas被当作来使用(5)beusedby被使用注意:to既可作动词不定式符号,后接动词原形,也可用作介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。在下列词组中to为介词,在使用时应特别注意,后接动词时,需用其动名词形式。如:payattentionto注意accordingto根据lookforwardto期望getusedto适应一、单句填空一、单句填空1.(2019河南)ShallIhelpyouacrossthestreet,Grandpa?No,thanks.Icanmanageitmyself.2.(2019北京)Weplantedsomeflowersinthegar
14、denyesterday.3.(2019江苏南京)XinhuaZidian,ortheNewChineseDictionary,wasfirstpub-lishedin1953.4.(2019山西)Changetheinformationyoureadintoamindmap.Inthisway,youcanrememberitwellandthinkofitlatereasily.中考题组5.(2019湖北武汉)Hewrotehisphonenumberonapieceofpaper.6.(2019广东)Ithinkteawilltastebetterwithsomemilkinit.7.(
15、2019福建)Isthatyourheadmaster?Youmeanthemaninblue?8.(2019安徽)Onsunnydays,mygrandmaoftenreadsanovelbythewindow.9.(2019湖南长沙)Yesterdayourheadmastermadeaspeechonenvironmentalprotection,andwelearnedsomethingaboutrecyclingofwaste.10.(2019吉林)Excuseme.Whereisthenearestbookstore?GoalongCenterStreetandyoullfindi
16、t.11.(2019甘肃天水)IwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguagebesidesEnglish.12.(2019河北)ThisstoryisinsimpleEnglish.Mylittlesistercanreadit.13.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)Benwashelpinghismotherwhentherainbegantobeatheavilyagainstthewindows.14.(2019山东青岛)Thehigh-speedtrainbetweenQingdaoandBeijingtravelsfasternow.Thetrainridetakes
17、onlyaboutthreehours.15.(2019浙江温州)Theinstructionstelluseverythingindetailabouthowtomakethemodelship.16.(2018河南)IstoppedforthenightinasmallvillagewhileIwasonholidayintheHimalayasafewyearsago.17.(2018北京)Happybirthday,Peter!Heresagiftforyou.18.(2018天津)Inthepicture,hesitsbesideme,lookingveryhappy.19.(201
18、8上海)KarenandLilywillgotoRussiatowatchthe2018WorldCupinJuly.20.(2018重庆)IalwaysplaybasketballtorelaxmyselfonSaturdays.21.(2018江苏南京)NeilArmstrongwasthefirstmantowalkonthemoonon20July1969.22.(2018广东)Howsoonwillwegettheofferfromanewhighschool?Inabouttwomonths.23.(2018吉林)Doyouagreewithmyplan?Yes,itiswonde
19、rful.24.(2017河南)Fatherbroughthislittleboytoaconcert.Buthewastooyoungtositthroughthewholeconcert.二、语篇填空二、语篇填空(2020河南中考预测)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。gettheywithyoungpencilspendiffriendcallthanDoyouhaveamobilephone?Doyousendtextmessagestoyourfriendsandfami-ly?Text-messagingor“tex
20、ting”isbecomingverypopular.Notonlystudentsbutal-soadultsliketalkingwith1bytexting.However,scientistshavediscoveredthattextingcangiveusproblems2ourhands.Becareful!ToomuchtextingcancauseRSI(RepetitiveStrainInjury)inourthumbs(拇指)andwrists(手腕).Wespoketoadoctor3HarrietWilson,whotreatsmanypatientswithRSI.
21、Shesaidifwe4morethan1015minutestextingeachtime,wecouldhaveprob-lemsinthefuture.Shealsosaidthatthe5patientshehadtreatedwasafive-year-oldgirl.ShehadsuchbadRSIthatshecouldntholda6.Asmobilephonesdevelop,peoplecandomanyinterestingthingsonthem.Weare7closerwithmobilephones.Textingwithasmallerphoneisworse8u
22、s-ingalargerphonewithbiggerbuttons.Usingcomputersandplayingvideogamescancausethesameproblem.Somoreandmorepeoplefound9withRSI.10wedontdoanythingaboutthis,toomanyyoungpeoplewouldgrowupinter-riblepain.1.friends2.with3.called4.spent5.youngest6.pencil7.getting8.than9.themselves10.If一、单句填空一、单句填空1.(2019河南郑
23、州一模)Mum,whyareyousounhappy?Idrovethrougharedlightonmywayhome.Afineticketisontheway.2.(2019河南外国语中学一模)ASouthKoreancompanyproducedakindofnewconceptcar,Elevate.Ithaslegsandthelegsallowthecartoclimbover1.5-meter-tallwalls.3.(2019河南新乡一模)MylittlesisterwasbornonasunnymorninginJune,2017.模拟题组4.(2019河南安阳一模)Wow
24、,whataspecialtoycar!Itsmadeofcoins!Yes,itis.Anditsmadebymylittlebrother.5.(2019河南焦作一模)Look,yourfaceissodirty.Whatsthematter?Letmelookinthemirror.Iwasbusypaintingmyroom.6.(2019河南平顶山一模)Thetallbuildingstandsinaquietplaceoffthemainroad.7.(2019河南商丘一模)Couldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnmathwell?Ofcourse,
25、butnothingcanbedonewellwithouthardwork.8.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大联考)Running30minuteseverydaynotonlykeepsusfromgainingweight,butalsocutsdownthepressurefromwork.9.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)AftertheprogramChinesePoetryCon-ferencewasshownonTV,wecanseemanypeoplelearningpoemsacrossthecountry.10.(2019河南百校联盟大联考)Presiden
26、tXisaidpeopleintheworldshouldbuildacommunitywithasharedfuture.11.(2019河南郑州二模)Letsgointotheclassroom,Mike!Afteryou,madam.12.(2018河南开封一模)Itsreportedthatalotofadultstakelessonsonlineforfurthereducation.13.(2018河南信阳一模)Warmlywelcome!Allmyfamilyreallyhopeyoucanen-joyyourselfduringyourstayinmyhome.Oh,thank
27、yousomuch.IbelieveIwill.14.(2018河南郑州一模)Thehousingpriceinmyhometownhasincreasedbytwopercentduringthepasttwomonths.15.(2018河南洛阳二模)Itisaniceday,isntit?Yes.Weshouldgosightseeinginsteadofplayingcomputergamesathome.16.(2018河南焦作二模)IdidntchoosetheguitarlessonsbecauseIhavesomuchworktodo,butitsagainstmyownwis
28、hes.二、语篇填空二、语篇填空(2020河南中考原创)阅读短文,根据语篇要求填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。MalalaYousafzaiisaPakistaniyouthactivist(活动家).SheistheyoungestpersonintheworldevertobenamedUnitedNations(U.N.)Messenger(信使)ofPeace.TheUnitedNationsis1internationalorganization,whichismeanttoencouragecountries2worktogetherondifferentopinions
29、withouttheuseofwar.Yousafzaihasgladlyacceptedtheroleofworkingforgirlseducation.Usually,amessengerstaysintheposition(职位)forthreeyears.“Ifyouwanttoseeyourfu-turebright,youhavetostartworkingnowandnotwait3anyoneelse,”shesaidattheacceptancemeetinginNewYork.In2012,YousafzaiwasnearlykilledbytheTalibanbecausesheworkedhardtogetthesameeducationforyounggirlsinPakistan.Butlaterherconditionimproved.4abravegirl!SincethenYousafzai5becomeasymbolforpeaceandgirlsrighttoreceiveaneducation.1.an2.to3.for4.What5.has