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1、Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsThe universe is made up of stars,planets,and other matterscatteredthroughoutspace.TheMilkyWayisalargespiralgalaxy（螺旋星系）measuringabout100,000light-yearsacross.Itisabout14billionyearsoldandtakes225millionyearsorsotorotate（旋转）once.Likeallspirals,itcontainsplentyofgasanddus
2、t,fromwhichnewstarsareformed.Thedensenucleus（核心）istheoldestpartandhasnogasleftfornewstar.The Solar system1.Mercury(水星)4.Mars（火星）7.Uranus（天王星）2.Venus(金星)5.Jupiter（木星）8.Neptune（海王星）3.Earth(地球)6.Saturn（土星）9.Pluto（冥王星）Oursolarsystemismadeupofthesunandtheobjectsthatorbitit.Theseincludethenineplanets(andp
3、robablymorethannine)andtheirmoons,aswellasasteroids（小行星）,comets,andmeteors（流星）.Thesunistheneareststartotheearth.Itisaglobeofhotgas,mostlyhydrogen（.氢）,andliesatthecenterofoursolarsystem.Itcontainsnosolidmaterial.Starsarelargeballsofhotgasthatproducelightandheatthroughnuclearreactions.OurSunisanaverag
4、eyellowstar,butseemsbrightbecauseitissoclose.MercuryTheRomangodofmerchantsandtravellersVenusTheRomangoddessofloveMarsTheRomangodofwarJupiterThekingoftheRomangodsSaturnTheRomangodofseedsandsowingUranusTheGreekgodoftheskyNeptuneTheRomangodoftheseaPlutoTheRomangodofthedeadStarsarelargeballsofhotgasthat
5、producelightandheatthroughnuclearreactions.OurSunisanaverageyellowstar,butseemsbrightbecauseitissoclose.Planetsarethelargestobjectsthatcirclearoundthestars.Theymayberocky,liketheearth,ormademostlyofgasandliquid,likeJupiter.ThewordplanetisGreekforwanderer.Thenamecomesfromthewayplanetsappeartomoveagai
6、nstthestarsovertime.Itisthoughtthattheplanetsformedataboutthesametimeasthesun.Astheoriginalcloudofgasanddustcollapsedtoforthesun,somematter was spun out into a flattened disk.Over several millionyears,thedustandgasgatheredtogethertoformtheplanetsandmoons.Denserrocksgatherednearthesunandlightergasesf
7、artherout.Ourplanet,theearth,isalargeballofrocksandmetalscoveredwithwaterandsoil.Itbelongs to a group ofnine planets that movearoundastarcalledthesun.Itissurroundedbyablanketofgasescalledtheatmosphere,hasonemoon,andasfarasweknow,istheonlyplanetthatsupportslife.NASAsMarsdetector（探测器）,Opportunity,succ
8、eededinfindingsignsthatwateronceexistedontheplanet.OpportunitylandedonMarsinJanuary.Scientistsnowbelievethattheplanetcouldoncehavesupportedlife.“Althoughwestillcantsaythatlifecouldhaveexistedinthisenvironment,itisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMars,”saidoneofthescientistsworkingontheMarsmission.（任务）Ho
9、wLifeBeganontheEarthDiscussion:1.Life is a mystery to our beings.Scientists study theoriginoflifebyexplodingspace.Doyoureallythinkspacefightsaremeaningful?Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofspaceflights.2.Whyistheearththeonlyoneofalltheplanetsonwhichlifecansurvive?Haslifestartedinotherstarsexcept
10、ontheearth?Read“How Life Began on the Earth”,then answerthefollowingquestions:1.Whatsthemainideaofthetext?2.Howmanypartscanthetextbedividedinto?Whatsthemainideaforeachpart?Twoparts:Part1(para1):Watermadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.Part2(para2,3,4):Thedevelopmentoflivingthings.Mainidea:Howlifeb
11、eginontheearthReadPart1andanswerquestions:1.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?2.Whatsthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintooceansandseas.Theexplosionoftheearthproducedwatervapour,whichturnintowaterwhentheearthcooleddown.ReadPart2andanswerquestions:
12、1.Whyweremammalsdifferentfromdinosaurs?Becausetheyproducetheiryoungfromwithintheirbodies.2.Fillinthediagram:Smallplantsinwater1278934562.shellfishandallsortsoffish3.Greenplantsonland4.insects(onland)5.amphibianonlandinwater6.forests7.reptilesonland8.Dinosaursonland9.mammalsonlandRead“HowLifeBeganont
13、heEarth”,fillinthediagramoflifesoriginsandprocess:Harmfulgases1.PlantsintheseasLandplants2.InsectsAmphibiansReptilesDinosaursMammalsincluding3_Thehumanbeingswaterlandanimals1.TheBigBangisthetermusedtodescribeahugeexplosionthatscientistsbelievehappenedaround15billionyearsago,creatingouruniverse.Nobod
14、yknowswhatcausedtheBigBang,sincewecannotlookbacktoatimebeforeit.Butjustaftertheevent,theuniverseisbelievedtohavebeenaknotoftightlypackedparticlesonlyaboutthesizeofapea.Itstemperaturewastenthousandtrillion,trilliondegreeCelsius.Homework:discussion:1.Whyisthepresenceofplantsimportantforthedevelopmentoflife?2.Istheearthgettingwarmereachyear?Ifso,whateffectswillthishave?Whatsthe“greenhouseeffect,”whichsomescientistssaymightdestroyourplant?Willtheburningofcoal,oil,andnaturalgascausetheearthtobecomeadeadplanetlikeVenus?