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1、计算机专业英语计算机专业英语现在学习的是第1页,共34页计算机专业英语计算机专业英语计算机专业英语翻译的要点:1-正确理解原文2-适当表达原文意思3-符合计算机行业的氛围计算机专业英语是计算机科学与技术专业的一门基础课。以计算机科学基础类文章为主,介绍了计算机系统和组成、输入输出设备、软件系统、计算机网络、多媒体技术等方面的知识。通过本课程的学习,掌握一定数量的计算机专业英语词汇,看懂常见的屏幕信息,能初步阅读和理解使用计算机过程中的提示信息和专业说明书等英文资料。会撰写毕业论文和求职英语。现在学习的是第2页,共34页 on a time-shared,users access a compu
2、ter through terminals.Some terminals are local,linked directly to a computer by cables,while others are remote,communicating with distant computers over telephonelines or other transmission media.翻译:在分时系统中,用户通过终端访问计算机,有些本地的终端通过电缆直接和计算机相联,而另外一些是远程终端,通过电话线或其它传输介质与远距离的计算机通信.For example:现在学习的是第3页,共34页 A
3、 modem is a device that interprets digital and analog signals,enabling data to be transmitted over voice-grade telephone lines.At the source,digital signals are converted to a form suitable for transmission over analog communication facilities.At the destination,these analog signals are returned to
4、their digital form.翻译:调制解调器是一种解释数字信号和模拟信号的设备,这种设备能够使数据在语音级的电话线路上传输在源结点,数字信号被转换成适合在模拟通信设施上传输的形式在目的结点,这些模拟信号被转换回它们的数字信号For another example:现在学习的是第4页,共34页 unit 1 Computers:Getting Started1-new words:ponent n.部件部件,构件构件2.filter n.v 滤除滤除,过滤过滤4.fragile a.脆弱的脆弱的Data processing involves filtering and summari
5、zing data sothat underlying patterns can be perceived.3.perceive v.看出看出,领会领会计算机部件计算机部件:The component of computer/The computer componentSince loose chips are fragile and difficult to handle,they arenormally packaged and mounted on boards.chip n.芯片芯片mount v.安装安装,安置安置翻译翻译:数据处理包括过滤和综合数据数据处理包括过滤和综合数据,以便看
6、出数据的基础结构以便看出数据的基础结构.翻译翻译:由于这些散装的芯片易碎由于这些散装的芯片易碎,而且难以处理而且难以处理,通常把他们封装起来通常把他们封装起来,安装在一块安装在一块印刷电路板上印刷电路板上.现在学习的是第5页,共34页new words:译译:构成现代计算机的基本器件是芯片构成现代计算机的基本器件是芯片.一个复杂的集成电子线路蚀刻在一个比一个复杂的集成电子线路蚀刻在一个比指甲还小的小正方形硅片上指甲还小的小正方形硅片上.The basic building block of a modern computer is a chip,a complex,integrated ele
7、ctronic circuit etched on a tiny square of silicon no bigger than a fingernail.circuit n.电路电路,线路线路.Circuit board:电路板电路板etch on v.蚀刻蚀刻现在学习的是第6页,共34页2-please remember to the technical terms1、Computer program:a series of instructions that guides a computer through some process.4、memory:the computer com
8、ponent in which instructions and data are stored.计算机程序:控制计算机通过某些处理过程的一系列指令计算机程序:控制计算机通过某些处理过程的一系列指令2、Hardware and Software 3、Data and Information 存储器:存放指令和数据的计算机部件存储器:存放指令和数据的计算机部件主存储器:主存储器:main memory辅助存储器:辅助存储器:secondary/auxiliary storage软盘软盘:diskette,floppy disk光盘:光盘:disc海量存储器:海量存储器:mass storage硬
9、盘:硬盘:hard disk高速缓存:高速缓存:cache现在学习的是第7页,共34页6、processor:处理器处理器2-please remember to the technical terms7、stored program:A series of instructions placed in a computers main memory to control that computer.distinguishes from a calculator.5、input and output存储程序:存放在计算机主存中,用于控制计算机的一组指令以此来区别计算机存储程序:存放在计算机主存
10、中,用于控制计算机的一组指令以此来区别计算机与计算器与计算器 ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)电子数字积分计算机,电子数字积分计算机,ENIACENIAC计算机计算机 EDSAC(Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer)EDSAC(Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer)延迟存储电子自动计算机延迟存储电子自动计算机 BINAC(B
11、inary Automatic Computer)BINAC(Binary Automatic Computer)二进制自动计算机二进制自动计算机 UNIVAC(Universal Automatic Computer)通用自动计算机通用自动计算机 现在学习的是第8页,共34页 what is a computer?Next:see the textFirst:Data and information A computer is a machine whose function is to accept data and process them into information.Data a
12、re facts or observations,while information is the meaning we attribute to them.Second:Data processing A computer is a data processing machine.Data flow intothe machine as input.Information flows from the machine as output.The compute processes the data.翻译:计算机是一种能接收数据并把它处理成信息的机器.数据是事实或观察结果,而信息是人们对数据进
13、行解释所得到的某种意义.翻译:计算机是处理数据的机器.数据流入机器称为输入,信息从机器流出称为输出.计算机处理数据.现在学习的是第9页,共34页1 what is a computer?Third:the stored program concept reading Page3Computer:A machine that processes data into information under the control of a stored program.计算机:在存储程序控制下把数据处理成信息的机器现在学习的是第10页,共34页 computer system and worksFir
14、st:system components A computer system consists of four basic components:an input device,an output device,main memory,and processor.Secondary storage is often used to extendmemory capacity.input device:keyboard,mouse output device:printer,display screen/monitorSecond:how a computer works reading Pag
15、e5现在学习的是第11页,共34页请翻译下列句子和段落请翻译下列句子和段落1、A mouse is a device that typically rolls on the desktop.It directs the insertion point(插入插入点点),or cursor,on the display screen.翻译:鼠标是一个典型的在桌面上滚动的装置,它指明显翻译:鼠标是一个典型的在桌面上滚动的装置,它指明显示器上的插入点或光标示器上的插入点或光标 现在学习的是第12页,共34页2 The physical components of a computer-the proc
16、essor,memory,input devices,and output devices-are its hardware.Software is a general term for programs.请翻译下列句子和段落请翻译下列句子和段落翻译:翻译:计算机的物理部件处理器、存储器、输入输出设备是它的硬件。软件是程序的常用术语。现在学习的是第13页,共34页3 The word main in a C program tells the computer where the program starts.Since a program can have only one starting
17、 point,every C program must contain one and only one main()function.As we have seen,all statements that make up the main()function are included within the brace following the function name.请翻译下列句子和段落请翻译下列句子和段落翻译:翻译:C程序从main开始.因为一个程序有且仅有一个开始点,所以每一个C程序必须包含且仅包含一个main()函数,正如我们所看到的,组成main()函数的所有的语句都包含在函数
18、名后的一对内.现在学习的是第14页,共34页 4 Abstract Data Types in C+(classes)In C+an abstract data type is referred to as a class.construction of a class is inherently easy,and we already have all the necessary tools in structures and functions.What C+provides is a mechanism for packaging a structure and function tog
19、ether in a self-contained unit.In this section we show how this is done.请翻译下列句子和段落请翻译下列句子和段落翻译:翻译:C+中的一个抽象数据类型被称为类.本质上创建一个类是容易的,而且我们已经有了所有必要的工具结构和函数。C+中提供的一个机制是将结构和函数封装在一个自成一体的单元中.在这部分中我们将会看到这是如何做的.现在学习的是第15页,共34页一、复杂长句多一、复杂长句多科科技技文文章章要要求求叙叙述述准准确确,推推理理谨谨严严,因因此此一一句句话话里里包包含含三三四四个个甚甚至至五五六六个个分分句句的的,并并非非
20、少少见见。译译成成汉汉语语时时,必必须须按按照照汉汉语语习习惯惯破破成成适适当当数数目目的的分分句句,才才能能条条理理清清楚楚,避避免免洋洋腔腔洋洋调调。这这种种复复杂杂长长句句居居科科技技英英语语难难点点之之首首,要要学学会会运运用用语语法法分分析析方方法法来来加加以以解剖,以便以短代长,化难为易解剖,以便以短代长,化难为易。例如:。例如:Factories will not buy machines unless they believe that the machine will produce goods that they are able to sell to consumers
21、at a price that will cover all cost.科技英语的特点科技英语的特点 翻译翻译:除非相信那些机器造出的产品卖给消费者的价格足够支付除非相信那些机器造出的产品卖给消费者的价格足够支付所有成本,否则厂家是不会买那些机器的。所有成本,否则厂家是不会买那些机器的。节译:节译:要不相信那些机器造出的产品售价够本,厂家是不会买的。要不相信那些机器造出的产品售价够本,厂家是不会买的。现在学习的是第16页,共34页科技英语的特点科技英语的特点 二、被动语态多二、被动语态多英英语语使使用用被被动动语语态态大大大大多多于于汉汉语语,如如莎莎士士比比亚亚传传世世名名剧剧罗罗密密欧欧与
22、与朱朱丽丽叶叶中中的一句就两次用了被动语态:的一句就两次用了被动语态:Juliet was torn between desire to keep Romeo near her and fear for his life,should his presence be detected.朱朱丽丽叶叶精精神神上上受受到到折折磨磨,既既渴渴望望和和罗罗密密欧欧形形影影不不离离,又又担担心心罗罗密密欧欧万万一一让让人人发发现现,难难免免有性命之忧。有性命之忧。科技英语更是如此,有三分之一以上用被动语态。例如:科技英语更是如此,有三分之一以上用被动语态。例如:(a)No work can be done
23、 without energy.译文:没有能量决不能做功。译文:没有能量决不能做功。(b)All business decisions must now be made in the light of the market.译文:所有企业现在必须根据市场来作出决策。译文:所有企业现在必须根据市场来作出决策。现在学习的是第17页,共34页科技英语的特点科技英语的特点 三、非谓语动词多三、非谓语动词多英英语语每每个个简简单单句句中中,只只能能用用一一个个谓谓语语动动词词,如如果果读读到到几几个个动动作作,就就必必须须选选出出主主要要动动作作当当谓谓语语,而而将将其其余余动动作作用用非非谓谓语语动动
24、词词形形式式,才才能能符符合合英英语语语语法法要要求。求。非非谓谓语语动动词词有有三三种种:动动名名词词、分分词词(包包括括现现在在分分词词和和过过去去分分词词)和和不不定式定式。例如:。例如:要成为一个名符其实的内行,需要学到老。要成为一个名符其实的内行,需要学到老。这句中,有这句中,有“成为成为”、“需要需要”和和“学学”三个表示动作的词,译成英语后为:三个表示动作的词,译成英语后为:To be a true professional requires lifelong learning.可以看出,选好可以看出,选好“需要需要”(require)作为谓语,其余两个动作:)作为谓语,其余两个
25、动作:“成为成为”用不定式形式用不定式形式 to be,而,而“学学”用动名词形式用动名词形式learning,这样才能符合英语语,这样才能符合英语语法要求。法要求。现在学习的是第18页,共34页科技英语的特点科技英语的特点 四、词性转换多四、词性转换多英英语语单单词词有有不不少少是是多多性性词词,即即既既是是名名词词,又又可可用用作作动动词词、形形容容词词、介介词词或或副副词词,字字形无殊,功能各异,含义也各不相同,如不仔细观察,必致谬误。例如形无殊,功能各异,含义也各不相同,如不仔细观察,必致谬误。例如,light名词:名词:(启发启发)in(the)light of由于,根据;由于,根据
26、;(光光)high light(s)强光,精华;强光,精华;(灯灯)safety light 安全指示灯安全指示灯形容词形容词:(轻轻)light industry 轻工业;轻工业;(明亮明亮)light room 明亮的房间;明亮的房间;(淡淡)light blue 淡蓝色;淡蓝色;(薄薄)light coating 薄涂层薄涂层动词动词:(点燃)(点燃)light up the lamp 点灯点灯副词副词:(轻快)(轻快)travel light 轻装旅行轻装旅行 (容易)(容易)light come,light go 来得容易去得快来得容易去得快现在学习的是第19页,共34页Transl
27、ate the following screen messages into Chinese:1.Displays the workgroups and computers available on the network.2.Double-click the icon for the application.3.File name consists of from 1 to 8 letters/digits starting with a letter.4.Cant select requested database.翻译:显示网络中可用的工作组和计算机。翻译:双击应用程序的图标。翻译:文件
28、名以字母开头,由18个字母或数字组成。翻译:不能选择所需要的数据库。现在学习的是第20页,共34页Translate the following screen messages into Chinese:5.Enables you to browse form the directory where you want to store temporary files.翻译:允许浏览目录,以找到保存临时文件的地方。6.Enables you to change the format the date is displayed in.7.Compute average value of numer
29、ic data in database.8.Database is not indexed.翻译:允许你改变日期显示的格式。翻译:计算数据库中数值型变量的平均值。翻译:数据库未被索引。现在学习的是第21页,共34页Translate the following screen messages into Chinese:9.Enables you to use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move the mouse pointer.10.Enter the name of the workgroup you want your computer to
30、belong to.11.DATE fields have the form mm/dd/yy.12.Fill in the requested information and type your message.翻译:允许在键盘上使用方向键来移动鼠标指针。翻译:输入你想使计算机所处工作组的名称。翻译:日期字段的格式为月/日/年。翻译:填充需要的信息并输入你的信息。现在学习的是第22页,共34页Translate the following screen messages into Chinese:13.Hit space bar for options.14.Illegal decimal
31、length.15.Indicates the date when the information in this file or folder was last changed.16.Insufficient memory to run this application.翻译:按空格键进行选择。翻译:非法十进制数长度。翻译:指明该文件或文件夹的信息最后更改日期。翻译:运行该应用程序内存不够。现在学习的是第23页,共34页Translate the following screen messages into Chinese:17.Mark one or more selected recor
32、ds for deletion.18.Names start with a letter,the remainder may be letters,digits,or underscore.19.Lists the types of files you can use with this application.20.Make any necessary changes,and then click Start.翻译:对一个或多个记录加删除标志。翻译:字段名必须以字母开头,后跟字母,数字或下划线。翻译:列出该运用程序使用的文件类型。翻译:作一些必要的更改,然后单击开始。现在学习的是第24页,共
33、34页 unit 2 the processor and main memory1-new words:1.circuitry n.电路系统电路系统2.binary n.A base 2number system that uses value 0and 1二进制数二进制数:以以2为底的数值系统为底的数值系统,只使用数字只使用数字0和和1.3.positional value 权值权值digit times place value4.Decimal number 十进制数十进制数The binary number 10 is equivalent to decimal number 2,whi
34、le 101 is equivalent to decimal number 5.In the binary number system,the positional values are factors of two 1,2,4,8,16,.To find the value of any number,multiply each digit by its positional value and add the products.现在学习的是第25页,共34页2-please remember to the technical terms1.bit,byte,word2.punctuati
35、on markIn general,each byte holds a single coded character(letter,digit,or punctuation mark.3.RAM and ROMRandom access memory;read-only memory4.processorThe processor,often called the central processing unit(CPU)or main processor,is the component that processes or manipulates data.5.hostThe processo
36、r joins with the main memory,which is called host现在学习的是第26页,共34页2-please remember to the technical terms6.instructionThe instruction control unit determines the location of the next instruction to be executed and fetches it from main memory.7.arithmetic and logic unitThe arithmetic and logic unit ex
37、ecutes that instructio.8.registerRegisters are temporary storage device that hold control information,key data,and intermediate results.现在学习的是第27页,共34页Next:see the textThe binary number systemFirst:inside a computerIf we take the cover off a small computer and look inside,well see a few circuit boar
38、ds,some cables,and some wires.The real computer lies within the circuitry on those boards.Second:binary number现在学习的是第28页,共34页First :bytes and words2Main memory Second :addressing memory Third :reading and writing memory The forth :the processor现在学习的是第29页,共34页Translate the following screen messages i
39、nto Chinese:1.Displays the workgroups and computers available on the network.2.Double-click the icon for the application.3.File name consists of from 1 to 8 letters/digits starting with a letter.4.Cant select requested database.翻译:显示网络中可用的工作组和计算机。翻译:双击应用程序的图标。翻译:文件名以字母开头,由18个字母或数字组成。翻译:不能选择所需要的数据库。现
40、在学习的是第30页,共34页Translate the following screen messages into Chinese:5.Enables you to browse form the directory where you want to store temporary files.翻译:允许浏览目录,以找到保存临时文件的地方。6.Enables you to change the format the date is displayed in.7.Compute average value of numeric data in database.8.Database is n
41、ot indexed.翻译:允许你改变日期显示的格式。翻译:计算数据库中数值型变量的平均值。翻译:数据库未被索引。现在学习的是第31页,共34页Translate the following screen messages into Chinese:9.Enables you to use the arrow keys on your keyboard to move the mouse pointer.10.Enter the name of the workgroup you want your computer to belong to.11.DATE fields have the f
42、orm mm/dd/yy.12.Fill in the requested information and type your message.翻译:允许在键盘上使用方向键来移动鼠标指针。翻译:输入你想使计算机所处工作组的名称。翻译:日期字段的格式为月/日/年。翻译:填充需要的信息并输入你的信息。现在学习的是第32页,共34页Translate the following screen messages into Chinese:13.Hit space bar for options.14.Illegal decimal length.15.Indicates the date when t
43、he information in this file or folder was last changed.16.Insufficient memory to run this application.翻译:按空格键进行选择。翻译:非法十进制数长度。翻译:指明该文件或文件夹的信息最后更改日期。翻译:运行该应用程序内存不够。现在学习的是第33页,共34页Translate the following screen messages into Chinese:17.Mark one or more selected records for deletion.18.Names start with a letter,the remainder may be letters,digits,or underscore.19.Lists the types of files you can use with this application.20.Make any necessary changes,and then click Start.翻译:对一个或多个记录加删除标志。翻译:字段名必须以字母开头,后跟字母,数字或下划线。翻译:列出该运用程序使用的文件类型。翻译:作一些必要的更改,然后单击开始。现在学习的是第34页,共34页