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1、现在完成现在完成(wn chng)时与过去完成时与过去完成(wn chng)时时第一页，共32页。辨别(binbi)下面句子的时态1.去年我去了苏州。2.我每天早上7：00起床。3.下个星期我要去看望我的老师。4.看！那边(n bin)有个女孩在哭。5.汤姆去过北京2次了。6.他住在那儿已经有十年了。一般一般(ybn)过去时过去时 一般现在时一般现在时 一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成时第1页/共32页第二页，共32页。Unit 1现在完成时 the present perfect tense 一.发生在过去，一直持续(chx)到现在！He has
2、 lived in Xuzhou for six years.I havent talked to my cousin since last Friday.二。发生在过去，与现在有关！I have seen the film.He has already posted the letter.第2页/共32页第三页，共32页。Present perfect tense 现在(xinzi)完成时构成(guchng):用法一：表示过去发生(fshng)的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has+过去分词第3页/共
3、32页第四页，共32页。1.1.都表示过去发生的事都表示过去发生的事2.2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间间(shjin)(shjin)状语连用；状语连用；3.3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间体时间(shjin)(shjin)连用（连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.last,ago,yesterday,etc.）presentpastI have lived here for two yearsI have lived here for two
4、 yearsI lived there 2 years agoI lived there 2 years ago第4页/共32页第五页，共32页。eg.1.He had his breakfast at 6:00eg.1.He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast.He has had his breakfast.2.When did you come here?2.When did you come here?I watched the football match on TV at 9:00.I watched the foo
5、tball match on TV at 9:00.第5页/共32页第六页，共32页。Adverbs of timeAdverbs of time before,by now(so far),once,twice,just,recently yet(否否/疑疑),already(肯肯),ever,never,all ones life,in/during the past/last 5 years,第6页/共32页第七页，共32页。ExercisesExercises1.I _(have)lunch already.2.Has the train_(arrive),yet?3.Tome _ n
6、ever_(be to)China.4.The twin _just _(see)my father.5.The twins _(see)my father just now.6.Many tall buildings _(build)in the past 5 years.have hadarrivedhasbeen tohasseensawhave been built第7页/共32页第八页，共32页。用法二：用法二：for+段时间段时间 since+点时间点时间 since+句子句子(j zi)（过去时）（过去时）E.g.Kate has lived here for 3 years.K
7、ate has lived here since 3 years ago.Kate has lived here since she came to China.表示过去某个时间开始的动作或表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直存在的状态，一直(yzh)(yzh)持续到持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与使用延续性动词。常与forfor或或sincesince引导的时间连用引导的时间连用第8页/共32页第九页，共32页。常见常见(chn jin)(chn jin)非延续性动词和延续性动词的转非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变变arrive/com
8、e/go to die arrive/come/go to die become a borrowbecome a borrowLeave/move Leave/move buy openbuy openjoin join start/begin finish/endstart/begin finish/endcatch a cold get up catch a cold get up get to know get out get to know get out close wake upclose wake upgo to sleepgo to sleepbecome intereste
9、d in become interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away/be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe asleep/sleepbe interested in第9页/共32页第十页，共32页。ExercisesExercises His father has died.(for 2 years)The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)The twins ha
10、ve joined the army.(since they are 18years old)My teacher has just left Nanjing.(for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/been in the army since they are 18years old.My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days.第10
11、页/共32页第十一页，共32页。重点句型重点句型(j xn):(j xn):It is/has been+It is/has been+段时间段时间+since+since从句从句 段时间段时间+has passed+since+has passed+since从句从句eg.他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years/since two years ago It is/has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.第11页/共32
12、页第十二页，共32页。1.这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.It is/has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.第12页/共32页第十三页，共32页。Have/has gone toHave/has gone tohave/has been to have/has been to have/has bee
13、n inhave/has been inhave/has gone to:已经(y jing)去了或在途中，还没有返回；have/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经(y jing)回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。第13页/共32页第十四页，共32页。Exercises Tom 在哪儿？他去书店(sh din)买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some bo
14、oks.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.第14页/共32页第十五页，共32页。CorrectingCorrecting 1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.3.Jack and To
15、m have lived here since 5years.3.Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4.The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.4.The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?have kepthas been in/been a member of the arm
16、ysince 5 years ago/for 5 yearscame didcatch第15页/共32页第十六页，共32页。6.Ten years have passed since they got married.7.Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice.hashas been indidopenbeen to第16页/共32页第十七页，共32页。一、过去(guq)完成时1.意义：表示一个动作在过
17、去意义：表示一个动作在过去(guq)某某一个动作或过去一个动作或过去(guq)某一时间之前某一时间之前已经发生或完成。已经发生或完成。2.形式：形式：1）肯定式：）肯定式：2）否定式：）否定式：3）疑问式：）疑问式：had+Vedhad not+VedHad+主语主语(zhy)+Ved第17页/共32页第十八页，共32页。1 1）概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-|-|-|-其构成是其构成是其构成是其构成是had+had+过去分词构成。过去分词构成。过去分词构成。过去分词构成。那时以前那时以前那时以前那时以前 那时现在那时现在那时现在
18、那时现在 2 2）用法用法用法用法a.a.在在在在told,said,knew,heard,thoughttold,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从等动词后的宾语从等动词后的宾语从等动词后的宾语从句句句句(cn j)(cn j)。She said(that)she had never been She said(that)she had never been toto Paris.Paris.b.b.状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句(cn j)(cn j)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完在过去不同
19、时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.When the police arrived,the thieves had run away.c.c.表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,hope,wish,expect,think,inte
20、nd,mean,supposemean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示等，用过去完成时表示等，用过去完成时表示等，用过去完成时表示 原本原本原本原本，未能，未能，未能，未能 We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.过去过去(guq)完成时完成时第18页/共32页第十九页，共32页。过去(guq)完成时的时间状语 before,by,until,when,after,once,as before,by,until,when,after,once,
21、as soon assoon as。Eg.Eg.1.He said that he had learned some 1.He said that he had learned some English English beforebefore.2.2.By the time he was twelveBy the time he was twelve,Edison,Edison had began to make a living by had began to make a living by himself.himself.3.Tom was disappointed that most
22、 3.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left of the guests had left when he when he arrived at the partyarrived at the party.第19页/共32页第二十页，共32页。选词(xun c)填空1.Have you done your homework_?1.Have you done your homework_?(for,just,yet)(for,just,yet)2.I have_been to Chengdu.2.I have_been to C
23、hengdu.(ever,never,yet)(ever,never,yet)3.He has_washed the dishes.3.He has_washed the dishes.(already,ever,for)(already,ever,for)4.He has worked there_he left4.He has worked there_he left school.(already,just,since)school.(already,just,since)5.Have you cleaned your room_?5.Have you cleaned your room
24、_?(for,just,yet)(for,just,yet)yet never already since yet第20页/共32页第二十一页，共32页。6.She has known Sam_ nine years.6.She has known Sam_ nine years.(for,never,since)(for,never,since)7.They have_arrived.7.They have_arrived.(ever,just,yet)(ever,just,yet)8.Have you_ ridden a horse?8.Have you_ ridden a horse?(
25、ever,for,yet)(ever,for,yet)9.She has known Fred_ they were9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school.at primary school.(already,just,since)(already,just,since)10.We have not completed the 10.We have not completed the project_.(already,for,yet)project_.(already,for,yet)for just ever since yet第
26、21页/共32页第二十二页，共32页。二、过去(guq)完成时与现在完成时的比 较 过去完成时与现在完成时的时间出发点不同。过去完成时以过去某个时间为基点(jdin)，而现在完成时以现在作为时间的基点(jdin)。因此，过去完成时是现在完成时的过去时。第22页/共32页第二十三页，共32页。Tom is not hungry.He has just had breakfast.Tom was not hungry,He had just had breakfast.例句例句(lj)比较：比较：(现在现在(xinzi)完完成时成时)(过去过去(guq)完成时完成时)第23页/共32页第二十四页，
27、共32页。三、过去完成(wn chng)时与一般过去时的比较一般过去时表示一般过去时表示(biosh)在过在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示的状态；而过去完成时表示(biosh)在过去某一时间之前在过去某一时间之前完成的动作。完成的动作。第24页/共32页第二十五页，共32页。1.We got to the station at 8:00,but the train had left.我们我们(w men)八点到达车站，但火车已八点到达车站，但火车已开走了。开走了。2.We got to the station at 8:00,but the tr
28、ain left at 7:30.我们我们(w men)八点到达车站，但火车七八点到达车站，但火车七点半就开走了。点半就开走了。第25页/共32页第二十六页，共32页。3.When I arrived home,My parents had had dinner.我到家时，我父母已吃过饭了。我到家时，我父母已吃过饭了。4.When I arrived home,we had dinner together.我一到家，我们我一到家，我们(w men)就一起就一起吃饭。吃饭。第26页/共32页第二十七页，共32页。2.过去完成过去完成(wn chng)时词可以表时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动
29、作或示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。或将继续下去。By six oclock they _(work)for eight hours.When I came to GZ,he _(be)there for a long time.用法用法(yn f)：1.到了六点钟为止，他们到了六点钟为止，他们(t men)已经工作了八小时了。已经工作了八小时了。2.我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。had workedhad been3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年
30、时间了。By the middle of last month we _(live)in Beijing for five years.had lived第27页/共32页第二十八页，共32页。1.到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。By yesterday evening he _(write)that letter.2.他说他以前他说他以前(yqin)见过见过你。你。He said that he _(see)you before.3.当我进来当我进来(jn li)时，他已做完了作业。时，他已做完了作业。When I came in he _(finish)his home
31、work.过去完成时与过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时截止到那时);by 9 oclock(直直到九点钟到九点钟)by the end of(在在结束结束(jish)/末之末之前前);by the time(在在时之前时之前);up till then(直到那时直到那时);up until last night(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。去。had writtenhad seenhad finished第28页/共32页第二十九页，共32页。3.过去完成过去完成(wn chng)时和时和 already,just,ever,yet 等连用表等连用表
32、示过去的过去。示过去的过去。用法用法(yn f)：例如例如(lr)：1.他告诉我说他们队已经他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。赢了。He told me that his team _ already _(win).hadwon2.她说她仍没去过长城。她说她仍没去过长城。She said that she _(not go to)the Great Wall yet.hadnt been to第29页/共32页第三十页，共32页。用法用法(yn f)：过去完成时与过去完成时与when,before,as soon as,till/until 等引导时间状语的从句连用等引导时间状语的从句连用(linyn
33、g)，强调动作发生的时间前后。，强调动作发生的时间前后。例如：例如：1.她到家之前她到家之前(zhqin)她的孩子已她的孩子已经睡着了。经睡着了。When she got home her children _(sleep).had slept2.在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Before they arrived here the film _ already _(start).hadstartedLast night,as soon as I _(finish)my work I went to sleep.3.我完成作业了就去睡觉了。我完成作业了就去睡觉了。
34、had finished第30页/共32页第三十一页，共32页。1.After he _(finish)his work he went out.had finished2.The children ran away after they _(break)the window.had broken3.I went to Toms house but he _(go)out.had gone4.Annie told me that his father _(go)to Paris and he _(come)back in a few days.had gonewould come5.My friend _(buy)the car two years ago.He _(buy)it for two years.boughthas had第31页/共32页第三十二页，共32页。