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1、1UnitUnit 2 2 I I thinkthink thatthat mooncakesmooncakes areare deliciousdelicious1.1. TheyThey maymay thethe lightslights andand lightlight candles.candles. 他们可能他们可能 灯灯, ,点燃蜡烛。点燃蜡烛。 (1)light 既作名词“灯,电灯”,是可数名词,也作动词为“点燃”。例如:There are many colorful lights shining on the Christmas tree.圣诞树上有很多彩灯在闪烁。(2)l
2、ight 为动词,意为“点燃,点着”,其过去式及过去分词有两种形式:lightlitlit;lightlightedlighted。lighted 常用于名词前作定语,相当于形容词。如:a lighted candle 一只点燃的蜡烛My mother lit/lighted the candles for my sixteenth birthday.我妈妈为我点燃了十六岁生日的蜡烛。拓展：light 也可作不可数名词,意为“光线;光”。The light in this room is poor.这房间里的光线不充足。That great tree takes away all the li
3、ght.那棵大树把光线全遮住了。light 还可以作动词,意为“照亮,照明”。We lit the candle and the candle lit the room. 我们点燃了蜡烛,烛光照亮了房间。light 还可以作形容词,意为“轻的;不重的”“(颜色)淡的”。The little boy can carry the light box. 这个小男孩能提动这个轻盒子。I prefer light red to dark red. 与深红色相比,我更喜欢浅红色。2.2. I I thinkthink itsits funfun toto dressdress upup asas cart
4、ooncartoon characters!characters! 我认为装扮成卡通人物很有趣。我认为装扮成卡通人物很有趣。该句是 I think 后跟的宾语从句,这里省略了连词 that,从句结构:Its + adj.+动词不定式,其中dress up 意为“打扮;穿上特殊服装;(使)装扮成另一种样子;为取乐和假扮穿别人的衣服”等,dress up as 是“打扮成”。例如:Its better to dress up than dress down. 打扮比不打扮要好。When her father dressed up as Father Christmas and gave her g
5、ifts,the girl cried happily. 当女孩子的爸爸打扮成圣诞老人给女孩送礼物时,女孩幸福地哭了。2辨析：in,put on,wear,dress 与 have on都含有“穿、戴”之意,但用法不同。in 是介词,后接表示衣服或颜色的词,着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。例如:He is in a black nylon jacket today. 今天他穿着黑色尼龙夹克。put on “穿上、戴上”,强调“穿”“戴”的动作,后接衣服、鞋帽等。例如:I want you to put on this coat and this hat. 我要你穿这件外
6、套,戴这顶帽子。wear “穿着;戴着”,表示状态,宾语可以是衣帽,也可以是饰物、奖章等。例如:Why does he often wear dark sunglasses? 他为什么经常戴着深色的太阳镜?dress 的宾语通常是人,意思是“给穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed 表示给自己穿衣服。例如:My son is now able to dress himself. 我儿子现在自己会穿衣服了。Its time to wake up and get dressed! 该起床穿衣服了。have on 的意思是“穿着,戴着”。例如:If youre wearin
7、g black pants you should have on black shoes and a black belt.如果你穿着黑色长裤的话,你应该要穿黑色的鞋子,配黑色的皮带。3.3. ButBut behindbehind allall thesethese thingsthings lieslies thethe truetrue meaningmeaning ofof Christmas:Christmas: thethe importanceimportance ofof sharingsharing andand givinggiving lovelove andand jo
8、yjoy toto peoplepeople aroundaround us.us. 但是在所有事情后面是圣诞节的真正但是在所有事情后面是圣诞节的真正含义含义: :与周围的人分享和给予人们爱和欢乐的重要性。与周围的人分享和给予人们爱和欢乐的重要性。But behind all these things lies the true meaning of Christmas 为倒装句,本句的主语为the true meaning of Christmas,地点状语提前,句子全倒装。归纳 ：倒装有以下情况:(1)当 here,there,out,in,up,down 等副词放在句首时,句子需全倒装。
9、例如:There goes the bell! 铃响了!There lived an old man. 这里住着一个老人。注意:在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或 be 动词,像 go,come,rush 等。主语如果是代词时不需倒装。如:Away he went. 他走远了。(2)方位状语在句首时,如:In front of the house stopped a police car. 在房子前面停着一辆警车。3Under the tree sat a boy. 树下坐着一个男孩子。(3)主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装,否定意义的词在句首,句子半倒装。例如: little,never,
10、not,no,hardly,rarely,seldom。Never shall I forget you. 我永远不会忘记你。At no time was the man aware of what was happening.这个人没时间知道发生了什么事情。Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.那时我对于他告诉我的事情,几乎不懂。4.4. A A ChristmasChristmas CarolCarol isis a a famousfamous shortshort novelnovel writtenwritte
11、n byby CharlesCharles Dickens.Dickens. 圣诞颂歌圣诞颂歌是查尔斯是查尔斯狄更斯写的一部著名短篇小说。狄更斯写的一部著名短篇小说。本句为过去分词短语 written by Charles Dickens 作后置定语修饰 novel。Have you ever read the book written by Mo Yan? 你已经读过莫言写的书了吗?I listened to the song sung by Jay Chou. 我听过周杰伦唱的歌。归纳 ：过去分词用法:过去分词(短语)作定语:单个的分词作定语常放在被修饰的名词前,分词短语作定语常放在被修饰
12、的名词后。如:He is a respected teacher. 他是一个受尊敬的老师。He is a teacher respected by us all. 他是一个我们都尊敬的老师。过去分词(短语)作表语:与被动语态不同,前者表示动作的完成或状态,相当于一个形容词,被动意味很弱;后者被动意味很浓,句子主语为动作的承受者,后常跟 by 短语。如:The composition is well-written.(系表结构)作文写得很好。The composition is written by Tom. (被动语态)作文是汤姆写的。过去分词(短语)作宾补:用在使役动词 keep,have,
13、get,make,leave 和感官动词see,hear,feel,notice,find 等后面作宾补。如:He went to bed,leaving the food on the desk untouched.桌子上的食物什么也没动,他就睡觉了。She was glad to see her children well taken care of.她非常高兴看到孩子们被照料得很好。过去分词(短语)作状语:表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况或方式等。如:Given more time,we could have done it better.(表条件)4多给点时间,我们会做得更好。Just
14、then,a white-headed woman entered the hall,supported by a walking stick.(表方式)就在这时,一个白发老太进入了大厅,手里拄着拐杖。5.5. OneOne ChristmasChristmas Eve,ScroogeEve,Scrooge seessees thethe ghostghost ofof JacobJacob Marley,hisMarley,his deaddead businessbusiness partner.partner. 在一个平安夜在一个平安夜, ,斯科鲁奇看见他死去的业务伙伴斯科鲁奇看见他死去
15、的业务伙伴, ,雅各布马利的灵魂。雅各布马利的灵魂。(1)dead adj. 死的。既可作表语,也可作定语。例如:He has been dead for two years. 他已死了两年。拓展：与“死”有关的单词用法。单词词义词性例句die死v.He died from a car accident yesterday.昨天他死于车祸。dead死的adj.Miss Brown has been dead for 3 years.布朗太太已死三年了。Look at the dead bird. Who killed it?看着这只死鸟。谁杀死了它?death死亡n.Dont work you
16、rself to death.不要工作得把你自己累死了。dying垂死的adj.The old man was dying,and all the relatives stayed with him.老人濒临死亡,所有的亲友陪着他。(2)business n.生意;商业。常见短语 on business 意为“做生意”。例如:My father has gone to Shanghai on business. 我的爸爸去上海做生意了。Its none of my business. 不关我的事。6.6. MarleyMarley usedused toto bebe justjust lik
17、elike Scrooge,.Scrooge,.马利过去与斯科鲁奇一样马利过去与斯科鲁奇一样,used to 的意思是“过去经常”,其中的 to 是不定式符号,不是介词,所以其后接动词原形(不接动名词)。如:I used to write poetry when I was young.我年轻时常常写诗。Do you play golf?No,but I used to.你打高尔夫球吗?不打,但我过去打。5辨析：used to 与 be used toused to do sth.意为“过去经常做某事”,用于过去时;be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”,通常用于被动语态;b
18、e used to sth.意为“习惯于”,相当于 be used to doing sth.。试比较:She used to be a history teacher. 她过去是一位历史老师。A knife is used to cut things. 刀是用来切割东西的。I am used to his class. 我习惯他的课了。Im not used to chewing gum. 我不习惯嚼口香糖。7.7. .so.so hehe waswas punishepunished d afterafter hehe died.died. 因此他死后被处罚了。因此他死后被处罚了。puni
19、sh v.处罚;惩罚,其名词形式为 punishment。这里的 was punished 是过去时态的被动语态。例如:Motorists should be severely punished for dangerous driving.危险开车的司机应受到惩罚。归纳： 被动语态:(1)被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。现以 teach 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时:am/is/are+taught 一般过去时:was/were+taught一般将来时:will/shall be+taught 现在进行时
20、:am/is/are being+taught过去进行时:was/were+being+taught 现在完成时:have/has been+taught(2)被动语态的用法不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年。强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。Eight hours per
21、day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。8.8. HeHe decidesdecides toto changechange hishis lifelife andand promisespromises toto bebe a a betterbetter person.person.他决定改变他的生活他决定改变他的生活, ,并许诺成为一个好人。并许诺成为一个好人。6(1)decide “决定,决心”,既作及物动词,也作不及物动词;名词形式为 decision,构成 make a decision=decide。这里是后跟不定式作宾语
22、,也可跟“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。例如:He decided to give a one-man show. 他决定唱一段独角戏。We havent decided when to start. 我们还没决定何时动身。归纳 decide 用法:跟名词或代词:It is the people who decide the fate of mankind.决定人类命运的是人民。The question will be decided by themselves. 问题将由他们自己决定。跟从句:Lets first decide where we should go. (=Lets first de
23、cide where to go.)我们先决定一下到什么地方去。It is not decided whether we will go there. 还没有决定我们是不是去那儿。跟介词短语(跟 on 或 upon,表示“就某事做出决定”):Dont decide on important matters too quickly. 重要的事情不要匆忙做出决定。(2)promise 作及物动词,“承诺,诺言”,既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟从句作宾语。例如:Give me your promise that youll never be late again.答应我你绝不再迟到了。He promis
24、ed to help us. 他答应要帮助我们。I cant give you the book. Ive promised it to Susan.我不能把这本书给你。我已经答应给苏珊了。归纳 promise 构成短语:make a promise 许下诺言;keep ones promise 保守诺言break ones promise 打破诺言,说话不算数promise sb. to do sth. 答应某人做某事9.9. HeHe nownow treatstreats everyoneeveryone withwith kindnesskindness andand warmth,s
25、preadingwarmth,spreading lovelove andand joyjoy everywhereeverywhere hehe goes.goes. 他现在对待每一个人都很友善和热心他现在对待每一个人都很友善和热心, ,把爱和快乐传递到他去的每一个地方。把爱和快乐传递到他去的每一个地方。(1)warmth 作名词,意思为“温暖;暖和”,其形容词形式为 warm。拓展：加后缀 th,变为名词的词:true 真实的truth 真理,真情;wealthy 富裕的wealth 财富;grow 生长growth 生长(2)spread 作动词,意为“传播;展开;蔓延”,在这里是用分词
26、形式作状语。如:7He sat by the roadside,begging. 他坐在路边乞讨。拓展：现在分词还可作:现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如:The sleeping boy is Tom. 那个熟睡的孩子是汤姆。现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如:Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise.=Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 告诉外面玩耍的孩子们不要太吵闹。
27、现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing,discouraging,puzzling,refreshing,astonishing,exciting 等。例如:The story is moving. 这个故事很动人。现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语。例如:He died,leaving nothing but debts. 他去世了,留下的只有债务例 1 Although Lucy is only three years old,she is able to _ herself.A. put B. make C. wear D. dress【解析】考查易混动词的辨析。A 项
28、表示“放”,B 项表示“做、制造”,C 项表示“穿、戴”,其后接衣服,表示“穿”的状态,D 项表示“穿”,其后接人。句意:虽然露西只有三岁,但能够自己穿衣服。表示“给某人自己穿衣服”用 dress sb.。故选 D。【答案】D例 2 Only when the work is done _ be able to go back home.A. you have B. you will C. will you D. have you【解析】考查倒装句及时态。句意:当工作做完时,你们才能回家。本句是由 when 引导的时间状语从句,当从句用一般现在时主句应用一般将来时,排除 A、D;副词 only
29、 引导状语放在句首时,句子需要部分倒装。故选 C。 【答案】C例 3 The tree_ by your grandma grows very well.8A. planting B. is planted C. planted【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:你奶奶种的那棵树长得很好。the tree 与 plant 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。故选 C。 【答案】C例 4 Flowers_ along the road last year.A. plant B. planted C. are planted D. were planted【解析】考查动词时态和被动语态。句意为:
30、去年在路旁种了花。plant 种植,一般现在时且是主动语态;planted 一般过去时的主动语态;are planted 一般现在时的被动语态;were planted 一般过去时的被动语态。句子的主语 flowers 与谓语动词之间是被动关系,根据句意可知事情发生在去年,因此要用一般过去时。 【答案】D例 5 I found a letter _ on the floor when I came into the classroom.A. lying B. lay C. lie D. lies【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我走进教室的时候,我发现地上躺着一封信。find sb. doing sth.发现某人做某事。故选 A。 【答案】A