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1、2004 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories 2004 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories EPA 822-R-04-005Office of WaterU.S.Environmental Protection AgencyWashington,DCWinter 2004Recycled/Recyclable Printed on paper that contains at least 50%recycled fibe
2、r.The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories tables are revised periodically by EPAs Office of Water on an“as needed”basis.The following information should be kept in mind when using the Tables:Reference dose(RfD)values are updated to reflect the values in the Integrated Risk Information Sys
3、tem(IRIS),and the Drinking Water Equivalent Level(DWEL)has been calculated accordingly.Thus,both the RfD and DWEL in the Tables differ from the values in the Health Advisory document if the IRIS RfD is more recent than the Health Advisory document value.RfD values from IRIS that differ from the valu
4、es in the Health Advisory documents are presented in BOLD type.For unregulated chemicals with a new IRIS RfD,the lifetime Health Advisory was calculated from the DWEL using the relative source contribution value published in the Health Advisory.For regulated chemicals,where the revised lifetime valu
5、e differed from the Maximum Contaminant Level Goal(MCLG),no lifetime value was provided in the Table.For regulated chemicals,the cancer group designation and 10-4 cancer risk reflect the status at the time of regulation.For unregulated chemicals,the cancer group designation or cancer classification
6、and 10-4 cancer risk reflect the values presently on IRIS.New IRIS cancer designations and 10-4 cancer risk values are presented in BOLD type.Several pesticides listed in IRIS have been re-evaluated by the Office of Pesticide Programs(OPP)resulting in an RfD other than that in IRIS.For these pestici
7、des,the IRIS value is listed in the Table,and the newer OPP value is given in a footnote.In some cases there is a Health Advisory value for a contaminant but there is no reference to a Health Advisory document.These Health Advisory values can be found in the Drinking Water Criteria Document for the
8、contaminant.With a few exceptions,the Health Advisory values have been rounded to one significant figure.The Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories tables may be reached from the Water Science home page at http:/www.epa.gov/waterscience The tables are accessed under the Health Advisories hea
9、ding.(i)Copies may be ordered free of charge from SAFE DRINKING WATER HOTLINE1-800-426-4791Monday thru Friday,9:00 AM to 5:30 PM ESTCopies of the supporting technical documentation for the health advisories can be ordered for a fee on the Internet at http:/www.epa.gov/OST/orderpubs.html or from Educ
10、ational Resources Information Center(ERIC)1929 Kenny RoadColumbus,OH 43210-1080Telephone number 614-292-6717;1-800-276-0462FAX 614-292-0263e-mail ERICSEosu.eduPayment by Purchase Order/Check/Visa or MastercardFor further information regarding the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories,call t
11、he Safe Drinking Water Hotline at 1-800-426-4791 or 703-285-1093.(ii)DEFINITIONS The following definitions for terms used in the Tables are not all-encompassing,and should not be construed to be“official”definitions.They are intended to assist the user in understanding terms found on the following p
12、ages.Action Level:The concentration of a contaminant which,if exceeded,triggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow.It is the level of lead or copper which,if exceeded in over 10%of the homes tested,triggers treatment.Cancer Classification:A descriptive weight-of-evidenc
13、e judgment as to the likelihood that an agent is a human carcinogen and the conditions under which the carcinogenic effects may be expressed.Under the 1999 EPA Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment,descriptive terms for carcinogenicity replace the earlier alpha numeric Cancer Group desi
14、gnations(US EPA 1986 guidelines).The suggested descriptive terms are as follows:Carcinogenic to humansLikely to be carcinogenic to humansSuggestive evidence of carcinogenic potentialInadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential Not likely to be carcinogenic to humansCancer Group:A qualitat
15、ive weight-of-evidence judgement as to the likelihood that a chemical may be a carcinogen for humans.Each chemical is placed into one of the following five categories(US EPA 1986 guidelines):Group Category A Human carcinogen BProbable human carcinogen:B1 indicates limited human evidence B2 indicates
16、 sufficient evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in humans Possible human carcinogen D Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity E Evidence of noncarcinogenicity for humans This categorization is based on EPAs 1986 Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment.The Proposed Guidelines for
17、 Carcinogen Risk Assessment,which were published in 1999,have replaced the 1986 cancer guidelines on an interim basis for new assessments.(iii)C 10-4 Cancer Risk:The concentration of a chemical in drinking water corresponding to an excess estimated lifetime cancer risk of 1 in 10,000.Drinking Water
18、Advisory:A nonregulatory concentration of a contaminant in water that is likely to be without adverse effects on both health and aesthetics.DWEL:Drinking Water Equivalent Level.A lifetime exposure concentration protective of adverse,non-cancer health effects,that assumes all of the exposure to a con
19、taminant is from drinking water.HA:Health Advisory.An estimate of acceptable drinking water levels for a chemical substance based on health effects information;a Health Advisory is not a legally enforceable Federal standard,but serves as technical guidance to assist Federal,State,and local officials
20、.One-Day HA:The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to one day of exposure.The One-Day HA is normally designed to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day.Ten-Day HA:The concentration of a chemical in
21、drinking water that is not expected to cause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for up to ten days of exposure.The Ten-Day HA is also normally designed to protect a 10-kg child consuming 1 liter of water per day.Lifetime HA:The concentration of a chemical in drinking water that is not expected to c
22、ause any adverse noncarcinogenic effects for a lifetime of exposure.The Lifetime HA is based on exposure of a 70-kg adult consuming 2 liters of water per day.The Lifetime HA for Group C carcinogens includes an adjustment for possible carcinogenicity.LED10:Lower Limit on Effective Dose10.The 95%lower
23、 confidence limit of the dose of a chemical needed to produce an adverse effect in 10%of those exposed to the chemical,relative to the control.MCLG:Maximum Contaminant Level Goal.A non-enforceable health goal which is set at a level at which no known or anticipated adverse effect on the health of pe
24、rsons occurs and which allows an adequate margin of safety.MCL:Maximum Contaminant Level.The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water.MCLs are set as close to the MCLG as feasible using the best available analytical and treatment technologies and taking cost into consideratio
25、n.MCLs are enforceable standards.(iv)RfD:Reference Dose.An estimate(with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude)of a daily oral exposure to the human population(including sensitive subgroups)that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime.SDWR:Se
26、condary Drinking Water Regulations.Non-enforceable Federal guidelines regarding cosmetic effects(such as tooth or skin discoloration)or aesthetic effects(such as taste,odor,or color)of drinking water.TT:Treatment Technique.A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking
27、water.(v)ABBREVIATIONS D DraftF FinalNA Not ApplicableNOAEL No-Observed-Adverse-Effect LevelOPP Office of Pesticide ProgramsP ProposedReg RegulationTT Treatment Technique(vi)Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Winter 2004 Page 1 Chemicals CASRN Number Standards Status HA Document Health A
28、dvisories Cancer Group Status Reg.MCLG(mg/L)MCL(mg/L)10-kg Child One-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/kg/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 Cancer Risk ORGANICS Acenaphthene Acifluorfen(sodium)Acrylamide Acrylonitrile Alachlor Aldicarb3 Aldicarb sulfone3 Aldicarb sulfoxide3 Aldrin Ametryn Ammoniu
29、m sulfamate Anthracene(PAH)5 Atrazine 6 Baygon Bentazon Benzaanthracene(PAH)Benzene Benzoapyrene(PAH)Benzobfluoranthene(PAH)Benzog,h,iperylene(PAH)Benzokfluoranthene(PAH)bis-2-Chloroisopropyl ether Bromacil Bromobenzene 83-32-9 62476-59-9 79-06-1 107-13-1 15972-60-8 116-06-3 1646-88-4 1646-87-3 309-
30、00-2 834-12-8 7773-06-0 120-12-7 1912-24-9 114-26-1 25057-89-0 56-55-3 71-43-2 50-32-8 205-99-2 191-24-2 207-08-9 39638-32-9 314-40-9 108-86-1-F zero TT1-F zero 0.002 F4 0.001 0.003 F4 0.001 0.003 F4 0.001 0.004-F 0.003 0.003-F zero 0.005 F zero 0.0002-F 88 F 87-F 88 F 95 F 95 F 95 F 92 F 88 F 88-F
31、88 F 88 F 99-F 87-F 89 F 88 D 86-0.06 2-2 2 0.01 0.4-0.1 1.5 0.3 0.0002 0.007-0.0008-0.006 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.4-0.042 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.04-0.01 0.01 0.001 0.04-0.01 0.01 0.001 0.04-0.0003 0.0003 0.00003 0.001-0.0002 9 9 0.009 0.3 0.06-20 20 0.2 8 2-0.3 10-0.035 1-0.04 0.04 0.004 0.1 0.003-0.3 0.3 0.03 1
32、 0.2-0.2 0.2 0.004 0.1-0.1-0.0005-4 4 0.04 1 0.3-5 5 0.1 5 0.09-4 4-B2 B2 B1 B2 D D D B2 D D D C C E B2 A B2 B2 D B2 D C D 1 When acrylamide is used in drinking water systems,the combination(or product)of dose and monomer level shall not exceed that equivalent to a polyacrylamide polymer containing
33、0.05%monomer dosed at 1 mg/L.2 Determined not to be carcinogenic at low doses by OPP.3 The MCL value for any combination of two or more of these three chemicals should not exceed 0.007 mg/L because of similar mode of action.4 Administrative stay of the effective date.5 PAH=Polycyclic aromatic hydroc
34、arbon.6 Under review.Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Winter 2004 Page 2 Chemicals CASRN Number Standards Status HA Document Health Advisories Cancer Group Status Reg.MCLG(mg/L)MCL(mg/L)10-kg Child One-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/kg/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 Cancer Ris
35、k Bromochloromethane Bromodichloromethane(THM)Bromoform(THM)Bromomethane Butyl benzyl phthalate(PAE)3 Butylate Carbaryl Carbofuran1 Carbon tetrachloride Carboxin Chloramben Chlordane Chloroform(THM)Chloromethane Chlorophenol(2-)Chlorothalonil Chlorotoluene o-Chlorotoluene p-Chlorpyrifos5 Chrysene(PA
36、H)Cyanazine 74-97-5 75-27-4 75-25-2 74-83-9 85-68-7 2008-41-5 63-25-2 1563-66-2 56-23-5 5234-68-4 133-90-4 57-74-9 67-66-3 74-87-3 95-57-8 1897-45-6 95-49-8 106-43-4 2921-88-2 218-01-9 21725-46-2-P zero 0.082 P zero 0.082-F 0.04 0.04 F zero 0.005-F zero 0.002 P 0.07 0.081-F 89-D 89-F 89 F 88 F 87 F
37、87 F 88 F 88 F 87-F 89 D 94 F 88 F 89 F 89 F 92-D 96 50 1 0.01 0.5 0.09-1 0.06 0.003 0.1-0.1 5 0.2 0.03 1-0.8 0.1 0.1 0.001 0.05 0.01-0.2 7-2 2 0.05 2 0.4-1 1 0.1 4 0.7-0.05 0.05 0.005 0.2 0.04-4 0.2 0.0007 0.03-0.03 1 1 0.1 4 0.7-3 3 0.015 0.5 0.1-0.06 0.06 0.0005 0.02-0.01 4 4 0.01 0.4 0.07-9 0.4
38、0.004 0.1 0.03-0.5 0.5 0.005 0.2 0.04-0.2 0.2 0.015 0.5-0.15 2 2 0.02 0.7 0.1-2 2 0.02 0.7 0.1-0.03 0.03 0.003 0.1 0.02-0.1 0.1 0.002 0.07 0.001-D-3-3 D C D D E B2 D D B2-4 D D B2 D D D B2 1 Under review.2 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products:The total for trihalomethanes i
39、s 0.08 mg/L.3 Likely to be carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure.4 By the 1999 Draft Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment,chloroform is likely to be carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposure under high-dose conditions that lead tocytotoxicity and regenerative hyperplasia in su
40、sceptible tissues.Chloroform is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans by all routes of exposures at a dose level that does not causecytotoxicity and cell regeneration 5 New OPP RfD=0.0003 mg/kg/day.Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Winter 2004 Page 3 Chemicals CASRN Number Standards S
41、tatus HA Document Health Advisories Cancer Group Status Reg.MCLG(mg/L)MCL(mg/L)10-kg Child One-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/kg/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 Cancer Risk Cyanogen chloride1 2,4-D(2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)DCPA(Dacthal)Dalapon(sodium salt)Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate Di(2-e
42、thylhexyl)phthalate Diazinon2 Dibromochloromethane(THM)Dibromochloropropane(DBCP)Dibutyl phthalate Dicamba Dichloroacetic acid Dichlorobenzene o-Dichlorobenzene m-7 Dichlorobenzene p-Dichlorodifluoromethane Dichloroethane(1,2-)Dichloroethylene(1,1-)Dichloroethylene(cis-1,2-)Dichloroethylene(trans-1,
43、2-)Dichloromethane Dichlorophenol(2,4-)Dichloropropane(1,2-)Dichloropropene(1,3-)Dieldrin Diethyl phthalate 506-77-4 94-75-7 1861-32-1 75-99-0 103-23-1 117-81-7 333-41-5 124-48-1 96-12-8 84-74-2 1918-00-9 76-43-6 95-50-1 541-73-1 106-46-7 75-71-8 107-06-2 75-35-4 156-59-2 156-60-5 75-09-2 120-83-2 7
44、8-87-5 542-75-6 60-57-1 84-66-2-F 0.07 0.07-F 0.2 0.2 F 0.4 0.4 F zero 0.006-P 0.06 0.083 F zero 0.0002-P zero 0.065 F 0.6 0.6-F 0.075 0.075-F zero 0.005 F 0.007 0.007 F 0.07 0.07 F 0.1 0.1 F zero 0.005-F zero 0.005-F 87 F 88 F 89-F 88-F 87-F 88-F 87 F 87 F 87 F 89 F 87 F 87 F 90 F 87 D 93 D 94 F 87
45、 F 88 F 88-0.05 0.05 0.05 2-1 0.3 0.01 0.4 0.07-80 80 0.01 0.4 0.07-3 3 0.03 0.9 0.2-20 20 0.6 20 0.4 3-0.02 0.7-0.3 0.02 0.02 0.00009 0.003 0.0006-0.6 0.6 0.02 0.7 0.06 0.09 0.2 0.05-0.003-0.1 4-0.3 0.3 0.03 1 0.2-5 5 0.004 0.1-0.07 9 9 0.09 3 0.6-9 9 0.09 3 0.6-11 11 0.1 4 0.075-40 40 0.2 5 1-0.7
46、0.7-0.04 2 1 0.05 2-0.006 4 1 0.01 0.4 0.07-20 1 0.02 0.7 0.1-10 2 0.06 2-0.5 0.03 0.03 0.003 0.1 0.02-0.09-0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 1 0.04 0.0005 0.0005 0.00005 0.002-0.0002-0.8 30-D D D D C B2 E-4 B2 D D-6 D D C D B2 C D D B2 E B2 B2 B2 D 1 Under review.2 New OPP RfD=0.0002 mg/kg/day(pesticides).3 1998
47、 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products:The total for trihalomethanes is 0.08 mg/L.4 Suggestive evidence of carcinogenicity but not sufficient to assess human carcinogenic potential.5 1998 Final Rule for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-products:The total for five haloacetic acid
48、s is 0.06 mg/L.6 Likely to be a carcinogen to humans.7 The values for m-dichlorobenzene are based on data for o-dichlorobenzene.Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories Winter 2004 Page 4 Chemicals CASRN Number Standards Status HA Document Health Advisories Cancer Group Status Reg.MCLG(mg/L)MC
49、L(mg/L)10-kg Child One-day(mg/L)Ten-day(mg/L)RfD(mg/kg/day)DWEL(mg/L)Life-time(mg/L)mg/L at 10-4 Cancer Risk Diisopropyl methylphosphonate Dimethrin Dimethyl methylphosphonate Dimethyl phthalate Dinitrobenzene(1,3-)Dinitrotoluene(2,4-)Dinitrotoluene(2,6-)Dinitrotoluene(2,6&2,4)1 Dinoseb Dioxane p-Di
50、phenamid Diquat Disulfoton Dithiane(1,4-)Diuron Endothall Endrin Epichlorohydrin Ethylbenzene Ethylene dibromide(EDB)6 Ethylene glycol Ethylene Thiourea(ETU)Fenamiphos 1445-75-6 70-38-2 756-79-6 131-11-3 99-65-0 121-14-2 606-20-2 88-85-7 123-91-1 957-51-7 85-00-7 298-04-4 505-29-3 330-54-1 145-73-3