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1、ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 5 PLUMBING?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 325 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved 5.9.SWIMMING POOL SYSTEMS?.326 5.9.1.GENERAL?.326 5.9.2.DESIGN CRITERIA?.326 5.9.3.SWIMMING POOL SYSTEM CYCLE?.327 5.9.4.ENVIRONMENT&ENERGY CONSERVATION?.332 ENGINEERING STANDARD
2、S SECTION 5 PLUMBING?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 326 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved 5.9.SWIMMING POOL SYSTEMS?5.9.1.GENERAL A dedicated water treatment system should be provided to serve pools for wading,swimming or diving.The water should be provided initially as described in sect
3、ion 5.1,and then recycled through the swimming pool plant for reuse.The supply to the pool should be heated to the required temperature or in very hot climates,may be cooled prior to serving pool.?!?#?$%?&(%&?)+*,-?.0/%12?435?6%?7?8?9:?;=?BADCFE?0)?6?%!?GH?I?J?K?LM.N3FONPQ?#%?R?S,?TUV?)F?RWXY?Z?/FD)
4、_XaU0/_bcd?efg)Rhi0j+klN3 5.9.2.DESIGN CRITERIA m?nopm?nopm?nopm?nop Water serving pools should be fresh and clean,with the distribution to the pool designed so that the quality and temperature of the water is maintained at acceptable levels.All critical chemical parameters shall be monitored and ma
5、intained automatically within the range+/-10%.?!GH?q0rts?%0)F?Yuv?wxy?%?z?%?!|?Y?0/_%3E?D/F?!?|?Y?4?P?3 The preferred water quality is as follows:/_%?z?fD Table 5.9.2.1 5.9.2.1 Acceptable Range?00?00?00?00 Ideal?PH 7.2 to 7.8 7.27.8 7.4 to 7.6 7.4 7.6 Alkalinity 75 to 250mg/l 75250/120 to 180 mg/l 1
6、20 180?/Calcium Hardness(Calcium Carbonate)?100 to 500mg/l 100500?/150 to 200 mg/l 100 200?/Total Dissolved Solids?D_ less than 3000ppm?3000ppm Less than 1500ppm 1500ppm Below are the suggested target temperatures for various types of pool f?0/N3 Table 5.9.2.2 5.9.2.2 Pool Type?Temperature Range?0?0
7、?0?0 Leisure Pool D 27C to 29C 27C 29C Wading/Paddling Pool$%/?%?28C to 30C 28C30C Diving/Competition Pool%/t?.?26C to 27C 26C 27C Plunge Pool-Adjacent Saunas -?16C to 20C 16C20C Pool plant should be self regulating and include automatic monitoring of pH levels chemical levels and temperatures maint
8、aining acceptable levels.ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 5 PLUMBING?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 327 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved?,!?A0)_?0Fg0)?|?YZ?g/0+P3 5.9.3.SWIMMING POOL SYSTEM CYCLE?A)Distribution System and Pool q?B)Filtration and Discharge to Drain H?C)Disinfection D)Top-up
9、 With Pre-treated Water?12 E)pH Level Control pH?F)Heating T?U?ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 5 PLUMBING?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 328 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved ABFDEC(iii)(ii)(i)(i)Potable/Pre-treated Water Top-up.%?1?2 (ii)Non-Potable Top-up Prior to Treatment Process.%?12(
10、iii)Filtered Deposits to Drain/Non Potable systems H?0/FDF.%?A)Distribution System and Pool q?Ideally,plant serving pools should be sited within,their immediate vicinity.A single plant room should serve multiple pools,arranged with run and standby facilities to minimise disruption to pool use during
11、 plant maintenance.Pipework distribution should be arranged so that any pool,whatever pool size,will have a minimum of 2 suction/drain connections on the circuit to the pump.Short-circuiting of water should be avoided.Pools with high numbers of infant usage should have a higher circulation rate than
12、 those for adult use.Circulation pumps should be run and standby.?IJ!DFD)_IJN_?D3+?F,.?,g)?|?)?#%NC?/?3?q?)+?q?%?)?%?%?N3t!%g/!?#?$?N3+?%&?.0/_?D)(?)?*?!4,+-.03+?!?/?,.?N3 Suggested turn over rates:0/_?%?)?*0 Infant/Shallow section of Pools DC/&?&$%&Refreshed Every 30 minutes 03012?3?u14 Adult/Deep
13、Section of Pools DC/+-&/(%?&Refreshed Every 150minutes 015012?3?u14 B)Filtration and Discharge to Drain H Filters within the pool circulation systems should be installed as run and standby.%?NP/FH5?R,.N3 The filtration selected should achieve a visibility of at least 12m giving clear views of all pa
14、rts of the pool bottom.E/FH?67?!?%?;?8?9;:0)=?AD/F?B1N3 ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 5 PLUMBING?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 329 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved Mild steel high-pressure sand filters should be rated at 12-13l/s per square meter of filter area.The filters should be pr
15、otected internally to prevent corrosion.Fibreglass sand filters may be used as an alternative to mild steel.C?D.?E?FH?50/_H%?!?/?G?0H?:H0/_%?%?g?9;I?KJ;L43tH?54P,B!?D)=MN?OP43F.?Q?R?S|?FTH?5U?VC?D.=E?FH?5N3 Rate of flow indicators should be installed to monitor the rate of low from the filters.!?/?W
16、=)?XY?50)?t?GH?H?50/W=)3 A pressure switch should be fitted prior to the filter for backwash/rinse requirements.Pipework should be installed in polybutlene with corrosion resistant fittings.E?Z?!?/H?5D/?0)?,?K?_?a?_?R?b43Fq?!?h.cedgf?hi?MOH5D3 Where filtration alone will not achieve water clarity re
17、quired,use flocculates,eg,aluminium sulphate fed by automatic dosing pumps.?j?k?H?8?=lnmgb?o?)F!h?.?pq?zD)_=r?sD)GH?%?6i?t?u?v7?w?DC?3 C)Disinfection The annihilation of bacterial infection of pool waters may be accomplished using several methods.Chemical parameters shall be monitored and maintained
18、 automatically via dosing pumps etc.?x%DCy?z|g/H?N3?tG?H?=%6i?|?YD3 Chlorine application,via sodium or calcium hypochlorite additives or electrolytically generated in situ.Bromine additives.Ozone additives in conjunction with low level chlorination.Ultra violet light application with low dilution of
19、 chlorine additive.h?.?TN3?GH?4?4?T?)?.H?03?TD)?T?C%0/1?2?.N3C/?T?=?.N3 Chemical additives all have side effects upon pool users to greater or lesser degrees where not carefully controlled.Chlorine gas is not recommended,as stringent safety precautions must be observed.Ozone is hazardous to health a
20、nd must be removed from the water after use.?T?ys?0/0)FE0/_T?/.43g?M_Z?)?.?b43?.?%DC?)?D3 Monitor disinfection level daily to ensure appropriate levels of chemical dilution are present(eg,0.6-1ppm free available chlorine dependant on application).!0?%?z?%D)F?/?%?!?.?0)F$?N/?=;I?B;e?3 Types of Treatm
21、ent 12 Treatment Benefits Problems,Application Chlorine Tried and trusted method of pool water treatment Residual chlorine content in water maintains disinfectant properties in pool after treatment/?%?12?H?WH?0/F?k0/?3F1?2g)_Requires careful control can cause irritation of eyes,discolour hair.Unplea
22、sant fumes which can be lethal in case of accidental release.Renders discharged water useless for irrigation if it is to be recycled,but can be used for urinal/WC flushing.Fumes can damage building finishes.R?b?D)?a?3+?8?Larger pools with trained maintenance staff,used to handling chlorine.Where wat
23、er not used for irrigation.Where large proportion of infants using pool.*WH?g/|?-?/0)?%?.?)?&?./+?N3ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 5 PLUMBING?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 330 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved Treatment Benefits Problems,Application%0C?/?bD)?Y?%0/?3 f0)?D/_b?(?/3?N/?%g.y
24、?N+.?E/?_43b?=?/43 Bromine Residual bromine content in water maintains disinfectant properties in pool after treatment.12?N)%NC/)?Y?%g/?3 Can cause skin irritation,sore throats and stinging eyes.Renders discharged water useless for irrigation can be used for flushing?a?g)_N?/%?.y?Dt._43 Small pools
25、with competent maintenance staff.Where large proportion of infant users.*04|?n-/?D)&0D.?.g/+?N3 Ozone Powerful disinfectant,oxides impurities without providing side effects.No residual chemicals discharged water can be recycled more readily.?=Z?y?z?.N3+?N/_%C)?zD)_N+?D?/_%?N3 Once added,must be remo
26、ved again prior to use.No residue,so water can become contaminated.It is recommended that a small amount of chlorine is added to maintain pools disinfectant qualities but this should be balanced with final use.?T0y?gf4?Tg?nD3=?0y=g%?Nn|3?04Tnwe%/0)F|Y?%0/?=)?!?/?=?N3 Where greatest proportion of use
27、rs are adult,and water to be recycled for irrigating,etc.Where there is limited space of storing chemicals,or not large enough plant complex to warrant fully trained pool plant engineer.+?-=n.?%WDNDD.n/g3?.ee0z/?)?eDIJe)4ge?4WH?/?INJ?0?/?N3 Ultra Violet Light Once fitted to system is very simple to
28、maintain and manage.No side effects.?C)|?q2?X?j0).43 No residue,so water can become contaminated.Small amounts of chlorine to be added or more frequent pool water changes instituted.?Dy%?0?|3?T?w?%D/?W?X3?%N3 Where greatest proportion of users are adult,and water to be recycled for irrigating,etc.Wh
29、ere there is limited space of storing chemicals,or not large enough plant complex to warrant fully trained pool plant engineer.+?-=n.?%?D0N.n/g3?.ee0z/?)?eDIJe)4ge?4WH?/?INJ?0?/?N3 D)Top-up With Pre-treated Water?12Where potable/pre-treated water is available for pool use,introduce the fresh water p
30、rior to heating.As a guide,approximately 25 litres of freshwater per bather may be introduced.ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 5 PLUMBING?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 331 2005 Revision All Rights Reserved?s?%?h.?%?1?20/?H?y?TU?0)?w?uv0/%N3X0)uv%g/?w%?g0?D/F?bN3 Sodium bicarbonate is used
31、to reduce the acidity of water treated with chlorine gas.?.?.?b?120/_%0/F?N3 Where chlorine donors have been introduced such as sodium or calcium hypochlorite,the pH tends towards hardness,therefore treatment to increase acidity should be applied using one of the following:Calcium chloride Carbon di
32、oxide Sodium bisulphate Hydrochloric acid?z0)_?4?4?)=w?g)Fy0)F!?/.f?zDC?/D)+s?T?D/120?=r?The importance of maintaining balanced pH levels is chiefly relevant to the protection of parts of the pool system susceptible to corrosion from either excessive alkalinity or acidity of pool waters.Additionally
33、,chlorine loses its effectiveness if the level of pH risers too high.|?Y?0/?bb?g/B?e?)uv?H?0/F%H0/_%?O?PN3)?!.)0/?Z?$#?D3 Magnetic Water Conditioners%?A?An alternative method of protecting the system is by application of magnetic water conditioners.The conditioners impose a magnetic charge upon the
34、particles suspended in the systems water.This prevents the particles adhering to internal surfaces susceptible to scale such as pump rotors,heating coils,etc.They have also been found to be beneficial to the disinfecting process.Where magnetic water conditioners are provided,pH monitoring and contro
35、l are still required to maintain levels in the range of 7.2-7.8 mentioned above.(Refer to Drawing 5.9.3.)?0/?H?.%?%A?D3/?A?t%?T?&(?%DC/*)?T?+43g?,N?)?T-0_?%.g/Pt?%?/?T0_T?U?0+43g)u?v?H?1D/?3+*,%?%?A?g/?HD)F?D/_?$23R=bD)?+u|?Y54=K;I$4=76/0)_?+?E?;=98=J3 Before selecting magnetic water conditioner ref
36、er back to IHG for approval.?:?%?A?0)_!?$;=?N3 F)Heating T?U When assessing size of plant and method of heating pool water,careful consideration should be taken with regard to expansion of pool structure,concrete shell,tiling,etc.As a guide the rate of heat up from cold to operating temperatures sho
37、uld be no greater than 0.5C per hour.$?$?IJ?T?U?%?Hn?)!/?yA$B?DCENGF?q$HJIGKLM$NPOQ3=XR8;g)tS%?T?U?/?/FTU?)*?!?=9TU?3 The characteristics of heat demand for swimming pools,are the most suitable match for slow heat gains from other systems utilising heat exchangers,for example:?0/FT?UD)_!?UV?5D/DC*W?
38、X?U%0)0 a.Solar collectors,transforming solar energy into useable heat.!?YZG5yt!?Y/?+?.D/FUN3 b.Heat pumps where unwanted heat from refrigeration plant is transferred to the pool water.ENGINEERING STANDARDS SECTION 5 PLUMBING?InterContinental Hotels Group Asia Pacific 332 2005 Revision All Rights Re
39、served UD)FM?.?S?/FU?/?%0C3 c.District heating schemes.?&T?U?D3 d.Hot springs U?e.Heat can also be recovered from within the swimming pool plant from the filtration backwash.D+M?.?IJ?H?K=_?T?UN3 Each of these systems should be supplemented with electric,gas or oil fired boilers via heat the exchange
40、rs.These should be designed to compensate for times where the initial source is insufficient.?0C?Rh?._b?$_g/*a?V?5?TUN3t?_!?K?LD,bW?c?MD/FTUHdN3 Where more than one swimming pool is served from a single plant,each pool should have its own dedicated heat exchanger,sized to match the duty required.?Ne
41、+?D/?H0)_!?h.?jIJ?#?,0?!gf+-?.D/FUV?543 G)Pool floor cleaning?A0/?Floor cleaning shall be accomplished by automatic floor cleaners,which shall be provided.?A?!h?.?A?5h+N3t!?#?i0/?A?5N3 5.9.4.ENVIRONMENT&ENERGY CONSERVATION?Out door pools should be covered with an insulating cover when out of use.Thi
42、s not only conserves energy by reducing heat loss outside hours of sunshine effectively and prevents evaporation but also restricts use to when lifeguards/poolside staff are available for supervision.Where possible,“waste water”from filtration backwash should be recycled for WC or urinal flushing.?.
43、?)*j?!?/?.?klN3t?Y?m?)?npo?q+UD/r?MN?%g/tsuAv?D)uw?$xGy?z/?|G?0)+?D/_.N3+?de0/?H?y7H?5?K?_0/?%?)F!?s?0)F.U?0/_43 Discharge water that is contaminated with chemical additives should be disposed in a manner that will not pollute local water supplies,local water courses,lakes,streams and the like.Any soakaways or leaching pits should be kept remote from wells or boreholes where contaminated water may be withdrawn inadvertently.?D/*?TD/%g)_!s?120)?H?#?%?g?H?%?D*G?|D3+%?H?!?$?%?D/?H0)?MN?%?|D3