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1、英语练习题3Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following tcxt.Choosc the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points )Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 1 pers
2、on in good physical condition is not 2 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 3 how a person copes with the world as she/he exists. Many of the factors that 4 physical health also affect menial and emotional well-being.Having a good self-image means that people have positive 5 pictures an
3、d good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they arc capable 6, and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 7 like others. Having a good self-image is based 8 a realistic 9 of ones own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable,
4、 necessary, and potentially healthful 10 of our society. People of all ages 11 stress. Children begin to 12 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress inducing 13 in the life of a young person arc death of a pct, pressure to 14 academically, the divorce of parents,
5、or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 15 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 16 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered
6、, the individuals physical, social, and mental health arc eventually affected.Satisfying social relations are vital to 17 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 18, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 19 the ability to know and trust
7、each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 20 conflicts in a constructive way.1. A. unstable B. unsure C. imprecise D. impracticalA. normally B. generally C. virtually D. necessarily2. A. on B. at C. to D. withA. signify B. influence C. predict D.
8、 mark3. A. intellectual B. sensual C. spiritual D. mentalA. to be doing B. with doing C. to do D. of doing4. A. able better (o B. able (o belter C. better to able D. better able toA. on B. from C. at D. about5. A. assessment B. decision C. determination D. assistanceA. idealily B. realization C. rea
9、lism D. reality6. A. occur B. engage C. confront D. encounterA. tolerate B. sustain C. experience D. undertake7. A. evidence B. accidents C. adventures D. eventsA. acquire B. achieve C. obtain D. fulfil8. A. respond B. return C. retort D. replyA. why B. when C. while D. where9. A. sound B. all round
10、 C. entire D. wholeA. illuminate B. enunciate C. enumerate D. initiate10. A. access B. assess C. process D. possess11. A. resolving B. saluting C. desolving D. solving Section 11 Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
11、B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET I H (40 points)Text 1As we have seen in earlier chapters, the American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a higher material standard of living. It is not suiprising, therefore, that Americans have valued education for its monetary
12、 value. The belief is wide spread in the United Stales that the more schooling people have, the more money they will cam when they leave school. The belief is strongest regarding the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a professional degree such as medicine or law following (he un
13、dergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees innonprofessionarfields such as art, history, or philosophy is not as great.This belief in the monetary value of education is supported by statistics on income. Ben Wattenberg. a social scientist, estimated that in the course of a lifetime a ma
14、n with a college degree in 1972 would earn about 380 000 more than a man with just a high school guidance”可知。30杆C见文中第二段employabity后面的一句解释， 在上下文中特指通过公司培养和引导，而提高雇员的 水平。不是获取职位的能力，或者在学校中获取的知 识和技能。Text 3词语注释diesel n.柴油机contemplate vt.注视：沉思vi.冥思苦想multinational a.多民族的,多国家的speculator.思维者；推理者；投机者；投机商 substan
15、tial a.物质的：实质的imperil vt.使处于危险，危害文章概要本文主要讲高利率提高了农业成本，给农民带来危 害，并进而影响了世界经济，同时给跨国银行和公司 带来巨大收益。答案点评.C作者以农业为例，论证了反对高利率政策的理 由。A建议处理资金问题的有效方式。本文作者没有 提出建议。B讽刺当前的农业计划。作者的语气是批 评，而不是讽刺。D鼓吹对待农民采取温和的态度， 这一点文内未提。因此，C最符合题意。31 .A作者认为高利率政策对农业有直接影响。参考文 章第四段。While high interest rates have increased farm expenses, they
16、, vc also undermined the export market farmers have traditionally relied on. ”.D否定选择项A、B、C.由倒数第二段最后一句： “ Developing and third-world nations have been particularly hard hit; struggling just to meet interest payments on their loans from multinational banks, they have had little cash left over to buy o
17、ur farm products. 可 知，越来越少的发展中国家和第三世界国家购买美国 的农产品是因为负担不起could not afford,因此，D最 符合题意。32 .A跨国银行和公司的投资旨在投机(speculate).33 .C该题为推理题。本文主要讲了高利率给农民带来 的危害，而对于高利率，Mos【consumers can find some refuge from high interest rates by postponing large purchases like houses or cars. Farmers have no choice. ”所 以，farmers注
18、定要成为debtors。Text 4词语注释sermon n.宗怖道,讲道，训诫cuffn.掌击，一巴掌；袖口；护腕toast n.祝酒；干杯；祝酒词文章概要本文主要阐述了演讲活动的有关内容。Para.l：演讲被研究的更多更引人注目；Para.2：在公众面前演讲的目的；Para.3：演讲者可提前准备，有时则不能；Para.4：演讲者有时雇人拟稿。答案点评36.B第一段和第一句话指出：“演讲比起其他形式的 交流活动来被研究的更多、更引人注目。”从下面几个 句子来看,人们以这样或那样的方式对演讲这一活动 了解不少：“政治家竞选国家官员(public office),销 售员推介产品、传教士传道等，
19、使用的都是这一宣传 方式。即使平时不做演讲的人在某些场合下也不得不 做演讲，如：即将毕他的学生(论文答辩或毕业典礼) 教会、俱乐部或其他组织和机构成员。几乎每个人都 在这样或那样的场合做过演讲，而善于演讲的人经常 成为领导。”这与B的意思吻合，故应选B.1 7.B原文第二段列举了演讲活动通常的目的。A项影 响人的观念和行为。第二段最后一句指出，演讲者的 目的经常是说服人接受新观念、采取某种行动或改变 世界观(see the world in new ways)。C项说服听众接 受某种观念；D项增进公益。第二段第二句提到，演 讲者也许想教一种新思想或告知一件新事项。综合本 段所谈的内容，演讲的目
20、的当然不是演讲者自身得到 快乐，这与B的意思吻合，故本题选B.38 .Doff the cuff是一个美国俚语，意为：即兴地；非 正式地。D的意思正与此意相符合，故本题选D.39 .D因为原文最后一段指出，演讲者有时雇人拟稿。 演讲者虽然对演讲内容有所指示，但有时拟稿的人对 演讲所表达的意思有很大影响。故本题选D.40 .A原文最后一句话指出：无论谁写发言稿，听众都 会将其影响力归于演讲者。故本题选择A.Part B答案解析41 .E上文说的是工作狂每天只睡三、四个小时，接下 来很自然要说他们每天工作长达16小时。42 .A上文提到睡眠和休息是无法替代的，此处应进一 步阐述理由，而睡眠是无法事
21、后弥补的。43 .F这一段的中心内容是把工作局限在办公室，而不 要让它侵入到家庭中来，即把工作和生活分开，只有F 项是相关的。44 .G这一段讲的是制定计划，而各选项中，G的意思 是这一习惯会帮助你安排好时间，提高效率，E是顺承 上文，总结全段的。45 .B这一段讲的是工作和生活的关系，最大的干扰项 是D,但从此段的建议口吻来判断，B更合适，而且内 容上更丰富，更有说服力。Part C参考译文46 .汉城永胜电子市场迷宫一样的街道上有数以百计 的出售电子产品的小店，它们向任何程序员都提供印 有美国商标的程序，其售价仅为标价的很少的一部分, 其中包括Lotus 123,售价为7.5美元。47 .
22、出版商首先采取的手段是通过技术途径来控制； 即在其程序中编入密码，以防止用户仿制。48 .但密码也使合法用户难以把程序拷贝到硬盘驱动 器上。49 .软件出版商联盟开始对一些主要公司进行随机审 查，当他们发现该公司如只买了一张程序盘，而后非 法给其雇员翻制了很多的话，他们就会起诉要求赔偿 损失。50 .以华盛顿为基地的商业软件联盟正对海外采取同 样的措施，给外国政府施加压力，敦促它们对已有的 书籍版权法加强执法力度。Sectionlll Writing参考作文51 .Dear Tom,Il was a good suiprise to hear that you were beginning t
23、o raise a cat. I hear somebody said you didn t like pets. Clearly the words are proved to be wrong now.Since your cat is only two months * old, you* d better buy the food which is special for kitten. And you need to feed it four times a day. Place its food plate and water bowl in a fixed place, and
24、do remember to provide it fresh and clean water. It is cat s nature to be active at night, so dont be surprised that your kitten has slept fbr a whole afternoon and chasing everywhere when you are asleep at night.And something to remind you. Cat is not so quiet as a dog. Please try not to let your t
25、elephone wire or electric wire draw his attention, or he would play with it all the time and make trouble.I don, t know whether you arc clear. If any questions, don t bother to come to ask me.Yours sincerely,JaneNovember 12th, 2004.The 20lh century saw many great inventions, such as airplanes, motio
26、n pictures, television, telephone, computer, (he Internet, to list just a few. Each of these inventions bears witness to the amazing advancements in technology in the past century. These inventions made our lives much easier and much more enjoyable.However, progress in technology is always a double-
27、edged sword. People invented pesticides to kill pests but pesticides can pollute the environment by entering the water supplies and harming birds that eat the dead insects. Cell phone has greatly facilitated communication yet it has been proved that it poses danger to users health. Whats more, cell
28、phones often go off during movies, concerts, classes, meetings, and libraries and create public nuisance. Automobiles have become an indispensable tool to the modern man but they consume great amounts of fuel, and create enormous environmental problems. Also, many people are killed in car accidents
29、every year. Internet links tens of millions of people around the world but people are so addicted to the Internet today that they dont go out and do exercises.In a word, technology can be put to good use only when it* s used properly. People often find it hard to balance the convenience brought by m
30、odern technology and its potentially harmful effects. I believe the average people should be educated about the potential harm of technology and should always use it with a mind to promoting the teamwork spirit.diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain survey findings which showed that Americans who wi
31、shed they had led their lives differently in some way regretted most of all that they did not get more education.The regret is shared by those who have made it to the top and by those who have not. Journalist Richard Reeves quotes a black worker in a Ford automobile factory.When 1 was in the ninth g
32、rade, I was getting bad grades and messing around. My father came home in the kitchen one night with a pair of Ford work pants and he threw them in my face. Put these on, he said, “because you re going to be wearing them the rest of your life if you don,t get an education.MDouglas Fraser, the presid
33、ent of the United Auto Workers Union, regretted not finishing high school so much that he occasionally lied about it. He told Richard Reeves about his pride in graduating from high school, but then a few minutes later he said:I wasn , t telling the truth about high school. I never finished. I quit i
34、n the twelfth grade to take a jobIt s funny after all these years, I still lie about it. Because the fact is, I still think it was a stupid thing to do. I should have finished my education.Even a man like Fraser, a nationally known and successful leader, was troubled by regrets (hat he did not climb
35、 higher on the educational ladder.21 . What is the main idea of this passage?A.Americans place a high value on education.B.Americans believe it is possible, though difficult, to be successful without an advanced degree.C.Amcricans believe that the more the education, the higher the salary.D.A basic
36、American value is acquiring material wealth.22 .Which of (he following degrees would probably be most valued by Americans?A.A master s degree in literature.B.A master s degree in specialized fields.C.A master? s degree in pure maths.D.A master s degree in anthropology.23 .The survey conducted by Ben
37、 suggested that people regretted most having not got more education.A.who hoped to teachB.who were not content with their own way of living C.who were proud of their social positionsD.who had quit high schools too early24,When the factory worker in the third paragraph was a teenager, his father.A. w
38、an led him to start earning a livingB.wanted him to study harderC.wanted him to work with him at the Ford plantD.wanted him to stop wearing such messy clothes25. Which of the following is TRUE about Douglas Fraser?A.He was proud to have finished high school.B.He became a successful leader (hanks (o
39、his education.C.He wished he hadn t dropped out of school.D.He was a liar.Text 2The main idea of these business-school academics is appealing. In a word where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition, it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security
40、 and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder. Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in beter skills and sparkle with bright ideas. How can firms get the most out of people if they can no longer offer them protection and promotion?Many bosses would love to have an answe
41、r. Sumantrra Ghoshal of (he London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business school think they have one: Employability. If managers offer the right inds of training and guidance, and change their attitude towards their underlings, they will be able to reassure their employees
42、that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good job-cvcn if it is with a different company.Unfortunately, they promise more than they deliver. Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should accomplish are hard to quarrel with: encourage people to be creative, make sure (he g
43、ains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the most of them, keep the organization from getting stale and so forth. The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might actually create such an environment. At its nub is the notion that companies c
44、an attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers, and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine.The authors offer a few inspiring example of companies-they include Motorola, 3M and ABB-that have managed to go some way towards creating
45、such organizations. Bui they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it, and leave the biggest questions unanswered. How do you continuously train people, without diverting them from their everyday job of making the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere
46、 while still encouraging them (o make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their (ime on ideas that create value, and not simply on those they enjoy? Most of their answers are platitudinous, and when they are not they are unconvincing.26. We can in
47、fer from the passage that in the past an employee.A. had job security and opportunity of promotion B. had (o compete with each other to keep his job C. had to undergo training all the timeD. had no difficulty climbing the corporate ladder27 , What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas o
48、f Ghoshal and Bartlett?A. Very instructive. B. Very inspiring.C. Hard to implement. D. Quite harsh.28 , In their work. Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss .A. changes in business organizationscontracts between employers and employeesB. employment situationmanagement ideas29 , This passage seems to be a (n)
49、.A. book review B. advertisementC. news report D. research paper30 . According to Chritophcr Bartlett what will improve * employability n ?A. Ability to lay out one s talents to employers.B. Skills and knowledge accumulated from school education.C. Training opportunity and guidance offered by company.D. Being creative and ready to share