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1、单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 高二英语 Grammar for Unit 13 Model Verbs 人教版 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 【同步教育信息】一.本周教学内容 Grammar for Unit 13 Model Verbs 二.教学重点、难点 几组易混淆词的辨析 一详细内容 情态动词 Model Verbs 又称为情态助动词 Model Auxiliaries，主要有 can,may,must,
2、could,might,shall,should,will,would,ought to,need,dare 等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。1情态动词+动词完成式：must have done 2情态动词+动词进展式：must be doing 3情态动词+动词完成进展式：must have been doing 4某些情态动词的特殊用法：need 二情态动词+动词完成式 情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+have+done 分词，表示对过去行为或者动作进展推测、评论或者判断。1.must have done m
3、ust have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜想。其否认或者疑问形式都用 cancould来表示。单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 例如：Since the road is wet,it must have rained last night.He cant have missed the way.I drew him a map.“The dictionary has disappeared.Who could have taken it?当然对如今发生或者将
4、来发生的事情，要用 must do 表示猜想，否认为 cant do。He must understand that we mean business.You must be hungry after a long walk.2.may/might have done may/might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如：I cant find my keys.I may/might have left them at the school yesterday.3.could have done 在肯定句型中，往往用
5、作委婉的批评。本应该做什么。而没做；有时也用作猜想。You could have told us earlier.Tom could have taken the dictionary.4.ought to/should have done 和 ought not to/shouldnt have done ought to/should have done 和 ought not to/shouldnt have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备、“不满，分别表示“本应该和“本不应该。例如：1With all the work finished,I should have gone t
6、o the party last night.2You ought not to have made fun of him.He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.5.neednt have done neednt have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为“本没必要。例如：You neednt have waken me up;I dont have to go to work today.注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must 最大，could其次，may 更次之，might 最小。例如：“
7、I wonder how Tom knew about your past.单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 “He must/could/may/might have heard of it from Mary.三情态动词+动词进展式 情态动词+行为动词进展式即情态动词+be+doing 形式，表示推测或者评论某动作如今是否正在进展。例如：1He must be playing basketball in the room.2She may be staying
8、at home.四情态动词+动词完成进展式 情态动词+行为动词完成进展式即情态动词+have been+v-ing 形式，表示推测或者评论过去某动作是否正在进展或者一直在进展。例如：1They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.2He may/might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.三.某些情态动词的特殊用法 1.need 考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别。情态动词 need 与实义动词 need 在时态、肯定、否认构造
9、上的比照见下表。时态 情态动词 need 实义动词 need 如今时 He needneedntdo Need he do.?He needsdoesnt needto do 过去时 He neededdidnt needto do 将来时 He needneedntdo Need he do.?He willnotneed to do 注：need 一般用于否认句或者疑问句。2.dare 考试中主要测试 dare 作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。情态动词 dare 与实义动词 dare 在时态、肯定、否认、疑问构造上的比照见下表。单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日
10、 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 句型 情态动词 dare 实义动词 dare 肯定句 如今时 dare to 少用 过去时 dare to 少用 如今时 dare/dares to do 过去时 dared to do 否认句 如今时 darent/dare not do 过去时 dared not do 如今时 do/does not dare(to)do 过去时 did not dare(to)do 疑问句 如今时 Dare he do?过去时 Dared he do?如今时 Do you/Does he dear(to)
11、do?过去时 Did he dare(to)do 3.can 和 may 考试中主要测试 can，may 或者 could，might 表示可能性的区别及对 may 构成的疑问句的答复。1can,could,may,might 都可以表示可能性。can,could 表示潜在的可能性或者理论上或者逻辑判断上存在的可能性；而 may，might 那么表示事实上的可能性。此外，can 还具有“有才能的意思，而 may 与 might 那么不具此意。例如：According to the weather forecast,it may rain tomorrow.Any man with a litt
12、le sense can see that he is wrong.2May I/we?这一类疑问句的肯定答复为Yes,please.或者 Certainly；否认答复为 Please dont.或者 No,you mustnt.例如：“May we leave now?“No,you mustnt.You havent finished your home work yet.4.can 和 be able to can 与 be able to 都可以表示才能，但两者在用法上有点差异：cancould表示主观才能，不表示意愿，它的将来时用 will be able to；be able to
13、 表示主观意愿，强调要克制困难去做某事。例如：1My grandma is over seventy,but she can still read without glasses.2He is able to give up his bad habits.5.must 和 have to must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须，但有几点区别：单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 1must 强调“内在的职责、“义务，而 have to 强调“外界压力、“不得已而
14、为之。2have to 可用于多种时态，而 must 一般用于如今时，其过去时与将来时分别由 had to 与 shall/will have to 代替。3在答复 must 引起的问题时，假如是否认的答复，不能用 mustnt，而要用 neednt或者 dont have to，因为 mustnt 是“一定不要、“一定不能的意思。例如：4You must come to the classroom before eight.5It is raining hard outside,but I have to leave now.6“Must we do it now?“No,you needn
15、t.6.used to+do，be used to+doing 和 be used to+do 1used to+v 意为“过去常常，“过去一直；be used to+v-ing/n名词意为“习惯于；be used to+v意为“被用来做某事。2used to 只表示过去，而 be used to+v-ing/n 可表示如今、过去或者将来。例如：3He used to smoke.Now he doesnt.4Hes quite used to hard work/working hard.5The knife is used to cut bread.7.用作情态动词的其他短语 would
16、rather,would sooner,wouldjustas soon,had rather,had better,had sooner,can not but,mayjustas well 等可用作情态动词。例如：1The soldier would sooner die than surrender.2The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.3Id rather walk than take a bus.4If you dont like to swim,you may just as well stay
17、 at home.注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形。wouldhadrather,wouldhadsooner,wouldjustas soon 后可跟 that 引导的从句，that 常去，从句要用虚拟语气。对如今和将来的假单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：1I would rather you came on Sunday.2I would sooner you hadnt asked.【典型例题】1.Peter _
18、come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will 答案：B。表可能性只能用may。此句意可从后半句推出 2.Shall we go skating or stay at home?Which _ do?A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 答案：B。此题考察情态动词rather 的用法，would rather+do sth 意为“宁愿，此题为疑问句，would 提早，所以选 B。3.Coul
19、d I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course,you_.A.might B.will C.can D.should 答案：C。could 表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中 of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用 can 和 may 来表达，不能用 could 或者 might。复习：will 与 you 连用，用来提出要求或者下命令。should 与 you 连用，用来提出劝告。4.Shall I tell John about it?No,you _.Ive told him already.A.neednt B.wouldnt C.m
20、ustnt D.shouldnt 答案：A。neednt 不必，不用。wouldnt 将不,不会的。mustnt 制止、不能。shouldnt 不应该。此题为不需要，不必的意思，应用 neednt。5.Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow._.单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 A.I dont B.I wont C.I cant D.I havent 答案：B。will 既可当作情态动词，表恳求、建议、也
21、可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心，此题表示决心，选 B。6.Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told 答案：A。由于后句为过去时，告诉机密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。【模拟试题】A Life really should be one long journey of joy for children born with a world of wealth at the
22、ir feet.Internationally famous child doctor Robert Coles is the worlds top expert on the influence of money on children.He has written a well-known book on the subject,“The Privileged Ones and his research shows that too much money in the family can cause as many problems as too little.“Obviously th
23、ere are certain advantages to being rich,says the 53-year-old doctor,“such as better health,education and future work prospects.But the most important is the quality of family life.Money cant buy love.It can buy a lot of other things,however；and that s where the trouble starts.Rich kids have so much
24、 to choose from that they often become confused.Over-indulgence by their parents can make them spoilt.They tend to travel more than other children,from home to home and country to country,which causes feelings of restlessness.“But privileged children do have a better sense of their positions in the
25、world,adds Mr.Coles,“and they are more self-assured.The rich children inherit the property from their parents and enjoy a high income.So money will never be one of their problems.“However,they will have a sense of isolation,warns Dr.Coles,“and they could suffer from the hardship of not being able to
26、 deal with the everyday world because they will never really be given the chance.单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 Everything they have achieved is because of an accident of birth.There can be no tremendous inner satisfaction about that.Todays wealthy
27、parents perhaps realize their riches can be more of a heavy load than a happiness to their children.So the first thing for them to consider is to ensure that their families are as rich in love as they are in money.1.In the doctors view,_.A.there are both advantages and disadvantages in being rich B.
28、travelling a lot will be beneficial to children C.rich children usually have little confidence in themselves D.rich kids are often short of money because of their life of luxury 2.According to the author of the passage,_.A.life is really a long journey of joy for rich children B.rich children feel g
29、reatly satisfied with the property they inherit from their parents C.it is most important for wealthy parents to make sure that their families are rich in love as well as in money D.today all the wealthy parents are sure of the problems their money can bring 3.It seems that the author of the passage
30、 _ what Dr Coles says in the book“The Privileged Ones.A.knows little about B.is doubtful about C.is opposed to D.agrees with B My first performance in front of an audience was coming up soon.I tried as hard as I could to remain calm,but my heart was racing.I stared down at my sweat-covered,shaking h
31、ands.I looked up again at the audience,realizing that there were real people.They were not just my mum and dad,who would say,“Good job!even if I messed up the entire piece.单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 What if I had the wrong music?What if I played
32、 the wrong notes?As it turned out,I was never able to answer these questions because the spotlight荧光灯was waiting for me.I grasped my hands tightly together,drying off the sweat.Slowly I walked to the mud-brown piano in the center of the room.It contained 88 demanding keys,which were waiting impatien
33、tly to be played.I swallowed the golfball-sized lump隆起局部in my throat and sat down.Slowly,I opened the music.Next,I rested my still shaking hands on the ivory象牙色的keys.As my fingers played across the keys,I was becoming more unsure of my preparation for this moment.But the memory of my years of traini
34、ng came flooding back.I knew that I had practiced this piece so many times that I could play it backwards if requested.Although at one point I accidentally played two keys instead of the intended one,I continued to move my fingers automatically自动的.My eyes burned holes intowere fixed onthe pages in f
35、ront of me.There was no way that I was going to lose my concentration.To keep this to myself,I leaned forward and focused carefully on the music.When I came to the end of the page,a warning went off inside my head:DONT MAKE A MISTAKE WHEN YOU TURN THE PAGE!Needless to say,I obeyed myself with all my
36、 heart and mind.And,proud of my“page-turning feat技艺,I finished the rest of the piece without making a single mistake.After the final note died away,a celebration went into action inside my head.I had finished.I had mastered the impossible.4.The author was nervous before the performance because _.A.h
37、is/her mother and father werent present B.he/she hadnt mastered the entire piece C.the strong spotlight was shinning onto the stage D.he/she had never performed in public before 5.The expression“mess up in Para.3 probably means _.单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 1
38、2 日 创编者：阳芡明 A.put into disorder B.forget about C.stop halfway D.do well in 6.The author _.A.didnt make any mistake in the performance B.felt better at the beginning of the performance C.paid all attention to nothing but his/her performance D.lost his/her concentration sometimes during the performanc
39、e C The man of many secrets Harry Houdini was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century.He was a man famous for his escapes-from prison cells,from wooden boxes floating in rivers,from locked tanks full of water.He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America.Crowds ca
40、me to see the great Houdini and his“magic tricks.Of course,his secret was not magic,or supernatural powers.It was simply strength.He had ability to move his toes as well as to move his fingers.He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.Houdini started working in the entertainment worl
41、d when he was 17 in 1891.He and his brother Theo performed card tricks in a New York club.They called themselves the Houdini brothers.When Harry married in 1894,he and his wife Bess worked together as magician and assistant,but for a long time they were not successful.Then Harry performed his first
42、prison escape,in Chicago in 1898.Harry persuaded a detective to let him try to escape from the prison,and he invited the local newspaperman to watch.It was the publicity名声that came from this that started Harry Houdinis success.Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs手铐and toes trained to e
43、scape from ankle chains,but his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors.Every time he went into the prison cell,Bess gave him a kiss for good luck-and a small skeleton key,which is a key that fits many locks,passed quickly from her mouth to his.单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位
44、：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame.He arranged to escape from the local jail of every town he visited.In the afternoon the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers,and in the evening every seat in the local theater would b
45、e full.What was the result?World-wide fame,and a name remembered today.7.According to the passage,Houdinis success in prison escapes depends on _.A.his magic tricks and inhuman powers B.his special tricks and a skeleton key C.his unusual ability and skeleton key D.his inhuman talents and magic trick
46、s 8.It can be inferred from the passage that Houdini became famous _.A.when he was about 24 B.when he was about 17 C.after the year 1894 D.before the year 1898 9.According to the passage,which of the following statements is true?A.Houdini used to be a famous prisoner in the USA.B.Houdini was first r
47、ecognized widely in Chicago.C.Houdini entered the entertainment world together with his wife.D.Houdini owed his great success to his supernatural powers.D It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it,then life is no longer difficult.Most do not fully see this truth.Instead they
48、 complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy.It seems to them that their difficulties represent a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families,their class,or even their nation.What makes life difficult is that the process of facing an
49、d solving problems is a painful one.Problems,depending on their nature,cause in us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear.单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 单位：乙州丁厂七市润芝学校 时间：2022 年 4 月 12 日 创编者：阳芡明 These are uncomfortable feelings,often as painful as any kind of physical pain.And sin
50、ce life causes an endless series of problems,life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.Yet,it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning.Problems are the serious test that tells success from failure.When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spi