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1、介介 词词 系统归纳系统归纳20192019届届高考语法复习系列高考语法复习系列1介词按构成分为：介词按构成分为：（1）简单介词，如）简单介词，如about，at，in，of，since等。等。（2）复合介词，如）复合介词，如asfor，asto，outof等。等。（3）二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复）二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复合介词那样固定，如合介词那样固定，如fromunder，frombehind，exceptfor等。等。（4）短语介词，由短语构成，如）短语介词，由短语构成，如accordingto，becauseof，inspiteof，onbehalfof，wi
2、threferenceto,withregardto等。等。（5）分词介词，如）分词介词，如regarding，concerning，including；considering,given等。等。1._ the morning 2._ spring 3._ Monday morning 4._ 2002 5._ a rainy evening 6._ night 7._ the morning of April 10 8._3:50 9._ this time 10._ March 5thinininatatatonononon钟点钟点,饭时饭时,正午正午/午夜午夜,年龄年龄,节日节日 at星
3、期星期,具体日期具体日期,具体某一天的某个时段具体某一天的某个时段,节日节日on年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）in 时间介词时间介词(in,on at-(in,on at-在在)in年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）年、月、季节及时间段（早、午、晚）在早上：在早上：_ 在七十年代在七十年代：_ 在秋天：在秋天：_ 在他四十多岁：在他四十多岁：_on星期几星期几,具体日期具体日期,具体某一天的某个时段具体某一天的某个时段,节日（节日（day）星期天：星期天：_ 10月月1日：日：_星期六早上星期六早上_ 5月月1日晚上：日晚上：_一个寒冷的冬天一个寒冷的冬天
4、_at钟点钟点,饭时饭时,正午正午/午夜午夜,年龄年龄,节日节日 在在6点钟点钟_ 在午餐时间在午餐时间_在正午在正午_ 在圣诞节在圣诞节_在在15岁的时候岁的时候 _in the morningin the 1970sin Autumnin his fortieson Sundayon 1st Octoberon Saturday morningon the evening of May 1ston a cold winter dayat six oclockat lunchtimeat the age of 15at Christmas at noon注意：注意：on Christmas
5、Day另外另外注意注意：在表示时间的词（：在表示时间的词（morning,afternoon,evening;Sunday）前有）前有last,next,this,that时，不再用介词时，不再用介词.tomorrow,tonight前也不用介词。前也不用介词。_+_+laterin+_ 时间介词时间介词(in,after,later(in,after,later 在在之后之后)（用于（用于一般将来时一般将来时）一段时间一段时间一段时间一段时间（用于（用于一般过去时一般过去时）时间时间/句子句子after+（可用于（可用于一般将来时一般将来时,强调过了强调过了这个时间之后这个时间之后）具体时间
6、点具体时间点1.Hewillcomebackinhalfanhour.2.Hewenthomeafterthemeeting(wasover).3.Theywillstartworkingafter10oclock.4.Ourteacherwillbebackthreemonthslater.inhalfanhourafter themeetingafter10oclockthreemonths later1.MrBrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback_twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in2.Ourmanagercameback_anhour.A.in
7、B.afterC.at3.Thefilmwillbegintwohours_.A.inB.afterC.later4.Illleave_threeoclock.Thatis,Illleave_abouttenminutes.5.Theyleft_twoweeks.atinafterrevision1.Wehavelearnt3000words_theendofthisterm.2.Hestartedwork_eightoclock.3.Hehasworked_eightoclock.4.Ihaveworked_nearly10hours.sincefromforby时间介词时间介词(since
8、,for,from,by+(since,for,from,by+时间时间)(fromto,between and.,not until,during)时间介词时间介词(在在之间，从之间，从到到)fromtobetween and.not untilduring before从从到到 在在和和之间之间直到直到才才跟跟一段时间一段时间，在在期间期间在在之前之前1.Hedidntseehisuncle_7:45lastnight.2.Hewasdoinghislessons_7and9lastnight.3.Thereisacartoonprogramme_6:30to7:00intheevenin
9、g.4._thepastyears,hehasworkedhardatEnglish.5.Hewontcomeback_five.A.atB.afterC.until6.Theworkmustbefinished_Friday.A.atB.byC.after7.Youdbettercheckyoubagagain_youleave.A.inB.beforeC.byuntilbetweenfromDuring/Overtodidntand 表示原因的介词表示原因的介词（单个介词：单个介词：for,withfor,with，at)at)1.Theboyisdistinguished_hismisd
10、oing.2.Theywillrewardyou_yourhelp.3.Heisangry_beingdelayed.4.Theoldmanwasbent_age.5.Hisfaceturnedred_anger.6.Thesoldierwasseverelypunished_havingdisobeyedtheorder.7.Thelittlegirlshandsturnedred_cold.foratwithwithforwithfor1.YoucanimproveEnglish_readingmore.2.Hewrotetheletter_apen.3.Hetalkedtohisfath
11、er_thephone.4.Theytalked_aloudvoice.5.Youmustsaythat_English.6.Mymotheroftengotowork_bike.7.Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow,pleasetellme_phone.3.Theteacheriswritingonthepaper_inkandtheblackboard_apieceofchalk.5.Youcangetsomeinformation_thecomputer.withbyinoninbybywithonwith+_/_人体部位人体部位工具工具in+_/_
12、/_方法方法way声音声音语言语言by+_/_交通工具交通工具方法方法meanson+_/_媒介媒介the+交通工具交通工具inby 表示表示“增加了增加了”beyond表示表示“范围范围,限度超出限度超出”。to表示表示“增加到增加到”10080 3050即学即练即学即练增加：增加：addupgoupincreaserise下降：下降：fall/decline/decrease1)1)这个学校的学生人数增加了这个学校的学生人数增加了500500。2)2)这个城市的人口上升到这个城市的人口上升到3,000,0003,000,000。3)3)他这个月的月薪超出了他这个月的月薪超出了10,0001
13、0,000美元。美元。_of_inthisschoolincreased_500.The_ofthiscityaddsup_3,000,000._salaryinthismonthis_10,000_.ThenumberstudentsbypopulationtobeyondHisdollarsYour composition is excellent except for several mistake.除除.之外之外Except for所排除的内所排除的内容与主语往往不是同一容与主语往往不是同一层面的。层面的。exceptforAll the compositions are excell
14、ent except Toms.除除.之外之外,表示从整体中剔除一部表示从整体中剔除一部分分（except排除的内排除的内容与主语往往是同一类容与主语往往是同一类的）的）exceptWe need 3 more persons to finish the job besides us two.除除.之外还有之外还有(相当于相当于“in addition to）besides表示排除，多与表示排除，多与nobody,nothing,anything,all,等连用等连用butWe can do nothing but wait.常用介词如常用介词如in,on,for,with,against,o
15、f,beyond,outof,across等含义较多，等含义较多，应全面把握。应全面把握。1against(1)Mymotherisagainstmysuggestionwhilemyfatherisinfavorofit.(2)Wesailedagainstthewind.(3)Theyforcedmetodothingsagainstmywill.(4)Youmustweighthebenefitsagainstthecost.Wehavesavedsomemoneyagainstouroldage(1)Theevidencewasagainsthim.(2)Puttheladderaga
16、instthewall.(3)Watchout!Dontbumpagainstthewindow.Theparklooksgreatagainstthebluesky.衬托衬托反对反对逆着逆着,顶着顶着违背违背和和相比，对照相比，对照预防，以备预防，以备对对不利不利倚，靠倚，靠碰，撞碰，撞2beyond在在的另一边；在的另一边；在那一边那一边 Ifsomethingisbeyondaplaceorbarrier,itisontheothersideofit;onthefarthersidefromtheobserverThereisagardenbeyondthelake.Thesunsets
17、beyondthedistanthills.超出超出“范围，限度范围，限度”，为，为所不及所不及”。常用短语：常用短语：beyondwords/description/sbspower/imagination/belief/onesreach/onescontrol Thecityhaschangedbeyondrecognition.Thecomplicatedproblemwasbeyondme.除了除了Heownednothingbeyondtheclothesonhisback.Thereisntmuchwecandoforhim,beyondgivinghimoursympathy.
18、超过；晚于（某个时间）超过；晚于（某个时间）,在在之后之后Herintelligenceisbeyondtheordinary.Fewathletescontinueracingbeyondtheageof40.Dontstayherebeyondmidnight.Weneverknowwhatwillhappenbeyondthepresent.Theimmediatefutureisclear,butitshardtotellwhatliesbeyond.近期内的情况很清楚近期内的情况很清楚,但很难说但很难说以后以后如何。如何。Snowdonandthemountainsbeyondare
19、coveredinsnow.斯诺登山以及其斯诺登山以及其再过去再过去的山脉都被雪覆盖了。的山脉都被雪覆盖了。beyondadv.(时间上时间上)再往后再往后;（地方）（地方）在（或向）更远处在（或向）更远处,再过去再过去3by被，由被，由;以以计计;用用方式，通过做方式，通过做;经过，在经过，在旁边；旁边；“程度或增减的幅度程度或增减的幅度”,“按；依据按；依据”,由于（偶然或意外）由于（偶然或意外）;就（本性、职业或出身）而言就（本性、职业或出身）而言ApaintingbyVanGoghhasbeensoldinNewYorkAsfarasIknow,workersaregenerallyp
20、aidbythemonth.Howwillyougo,bycarorbytrain?Onlybyworkinghardcanweachievesuccess.Igobythehouseeveryday.Onacoldeveningitispleasanttositbythefire.Theirpayhasbeencutbyonethird.BridesaresupposedtobedressedinredbyChinesetraditionImethimbychanceandItookhisumbrellabymistake.ShewasAmericanbybirthandshewaskind
21、bynature.4For为为，给，给，对于，对于IhavesomefreeadviceforyouHefeltsympathyforthislittlegirl.因为，由于因为，由于Thewriterwasfamousforhisdeepinsight.Hishealthbrokedownforlackofsleep.持续持续;Ithasbeenrainingforseveraldays.Wedroveonforafewmiles.支持，同意支持，同意Areyoufororagainstpublictransport?“对对来说；就来说；就而言而言(表示相对来说不寻常表示相对来说不寻常)Th
22、eweatherisratherwarmforwinterhere.5Off从从落下落下;从从去掉去掉;离开离开;脱离脱离Theboyfelloffthebikeandhadhisleginjured.Hispassingthetesttookaloadoffmymind.Dontgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.WhendoyousetoffforBeijing?Thetruckranofftheroadandcrashedintoatree.“在离在离不远处；在海岸线不远处；在海岸线外外”TheWellHotelstandsinaquietplaceoffthem
23、ainroadbeyondthelake.Anunidentifiedwarshipwasnoticedafewmilesoffthecoast.6across有有“横跨横跨”之意。之意。Becautiouswhenwalkingacrossthestreet.Doyouthinkthisshirtistootightacrosstheshoulders？Abigsmilespreadacrosshisface.7on/upon有有“一一就就”之意，后接名词或之意，后接名词或动词动词ing形式。形式。Rosereceivedabighugfromhermotheronhersteppingou
24、tofthetrain.8over可表示时间可表示时间,“在在期间；直到期间；直到结束结束”。Ivebeenverybusyoverthepastcoupleofweeks.Wecandiscusstheissueoverdinner.9within可表示范围、程度，可表示范围、程度，“在在之内之内”。Thegovernmentwasdoingeverythingwithinitspowertohelpthevictims.10Of表示表示“在在范围内范围内”。OfalltheanimalsIveeverhad,thesetwodogsarethemostsensitivetothespoke
25、nword.1.Theshipsailed_theAtlantic.2.Therainwasbeating_thewindow.3.Onhisrightwasavegetablegardenand_(另一边另一边)itasmalllake.4.Dadcalledandaskedmetodropin_hisoffice5.Youshouldflyyourkite_thewind.6.Shealwaysadvances_difficulties.7._eightoclockhehadarrivedatmyhotel8.Hewastall_aneightyearoldboy.9.WhatJockha
26、ddonewas_mycomprehension10.Icheckedmywatch_thechurchclock.11.Heseizedher_thearm.acrossagainstbeyondatagainstagainstByforbeyondagainstby12.Thenewlawwilltakeeffectin2016and_.13.Nowsheisanurse_profession.14.Iknewheworked_asecurityfirm15.Itisschoolsdutytowarnstudents_drugs16.TheMartinssoldtheirhouse_abo
27、ut1.4millionpounds17.Hedecidedtogo_atriptoEuropetorelax.18._thefirsttimeinmycareer,Iwasfailing.19.Hewasborn_themorningofasnowywinterday.20.Thewindpushedhishair_hisface.21.Theincomeisexpectedtorise_10%peryear.22.Hisparentswas_themselveswithjoy_hearingtheirsonssuccess.beyondbyforoffforonForonacrossbybesideon