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1、会计学1欧洲文化欧洲文化(wnhu)入门入门1第一页，共11页。01 Science02 Philosophy,Politics and Literature in England03 Descartes;French Classicism04 Art目 录CONCENT第1页/共11页第二页，共11页。General Introductionn nIn In the the 17th 17th century century Europe Europe advanced advanced from from the the Middle Middle Ages Ages to to the
2、the modern modern times.times.This This advance advance began began in in science science,in,in astronomy,physics astronomy,physics and and pure pure mathematics,oing mathematics,oing to to the the work work of of Galileo,Keoler,Newton Galileo,Keoler,Newton and and Descartes.Their Descartes.Their wo
3、rk work helped helped to to creat creat modern science and in a sense,the modern world.modern science and in a sense,the modern world.n nThe The new new science science and and philosophy philosophy gave gave a a great great push push to to the the political political struggle struggle waged waged b
4、y by the the newly newly emerged emerged class,the class,the bourgeoisie,and bourgeoisie,and other other classes.The classes.The seventeenth seventeenth century century saw saw the the intense intense political political struggle,shown struggle,shown in in revolution revolution in in England England
5、 and and absolute absolute monarchy monarchy in in France France,which,which marked marked the the growth growth of of modern modern state state power.power.第2页/共11页第三页，共11页。Gottfried Wilhelm von LeibnizSir Isaac NewtonGalileo GalileiFrom Copernicus to KeplerScience第3页/共11页第四页，共11页。From Copernicus F
6、rom Copernicus to Keplerto Kepler Copernicuss The Theory Copernicuss The Theory of Celestial Movement of Celestial Movement marks the separation of marks the separation of natural sciences from natural sciences from theology.theology.Kepler was the first Kepler was the first important scientist afte
7、r important scientist after Copernicus to adopt the Copernicus to adopt the theory of the Sun Center.theory of the Sun Center.Kepler proved,developed Kepler proved,developed and corrected and corrected Copernicuss idea and Copernicuss idea and discovered three laws of discovered three laws of planet
8、ary motion,planetary motion,collectively known as collectively known as Keplers Laws.Keplers Laws.第4页/共11页第五页，共11页。Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei Galileos observations Galileos observations from the telescope from the telescope confirmed Copernicus confirmed Copernicus assumption.assumption.Galileo
9、was the ancestor Galileo was the ancestor of dynamics in physics.He of dynamics in physics.He discovered the law of discovered the law of inertia and the law of inertia and the law of falling bodies.falling bodies.He discovered the law of He discovered the law of inertia and the law of inertia and t
10、he law of falling bodies.falling bodies.第5页/共11页第六页，共11页。Sir Isaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton Newton used Galileos Newton used Galileos discovery to obtain the law discovery to obtain the law of universal gravitation,of universal gravitation,which laid the foundation which laid the foundation for the de
11、velopment of for the development of modern science.modern science.Newton and another Newton and another important scientist,important scientist,Leibniz,are the founders Leibniz,are the founders of calculus.of calculus.第6页/共11页第七页，共11页。Gottfried Wilhelm Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnizvon Leibniz Leibni
12、z divides human Leibniz divides human understanding into self-understanding into self-consciousness,consciousness,consciousness,and consciousness,and subconscious.subconscious.This theory laid the This theory laid the foundation for Freuds foundation for Freuds psychoanalysis.psychoanalysis.第7页/共11页
13、第八页，共11页。Invention of New Instruments n nThe 17th century was remarkable in many other ways connected with science.The invention of many scientific The 17th century was remarkable in many other ways connected with science.The invention of many scientific instruments was another great progress.instru
14、ments was another great progress.n nThe The microscope microscope was was invented invented in in 1590,the 1590,the telescope telescope was was invented invented in in 1608 1608 by by a a Dutchman Dutchman and and the the pendulum clock appeared in 1656.pendulum clock appeared in 1656.第8页/共11页第九页，共1
15、1页。Two Merits Shared by the Great Scientists of the 17th Centuryn nFirst,they First,they showed showed boldness boldness in in farming farming hypotheses.they hypotheses.they had had the the courage courage to to challenge challenge the the deep-rooted deep-rooted beliefs beliefs and and assume assu
16、me that what had been accepted as true since ancient times might be false.that what had been accepted as true since ancient times might be false.n nSecond Second,they,they all all had had immense immense patience patience in in observation observation.They.They put put their their hypotheses hypothe
17、ses to to tests tests and and drew drew conclusions conclusions on on the the basis of patient observation and careful collection of facts.basis of patient observation and careful collection of facts.n nThe The combination combination of of the the two two merits merits brought brought about about fundamental fundamental changes changes in in mans mans scientific scientific and and philosophical philosophical thinking.thinking.第9页/共11页第十页，共11页。谢谢 谢谢 您您 的的 观观 看看(g u n k n)THANK YOU FOR YOUR THANK YOU FOR YOUR WATCHWATCH第10页/共11页第十一页，共11页。