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1、会计学1英语高考英语书面表达训练一英语高考英语书面表达训练一一、用词达意一、用词达意二、结构完整二、结构完整三、格式规范三、格式规范四、行文连贯四、行文连贯第1页/共38页本节课内容如下：本节课内容如下：n n最新高考书面表达评分标准最新高考书面表达评分标准n n书面表达的能力要求书面表达的能力要求n n书面表达解题步骤与方法书面表达解题步骤与方法n n高考优秀作文点评（优秀答卷一，高考优秀作文点评（优秀答卷一，二，三实录及点评）二，三实录及点评）n n范文修改范文修改n n高考英语作文备考策略高考英语作文备考策略第2页/共38页最新高考书面表达评分标准最新高考书面表达评分标准一：评分原则一：
2、评分原则一：评分原则一：评分原则1 1 本题总分为本题总分为本题总分为本题总分为2525分，按分，按分，按分，按5 5个档次给分个档次给分个档次给分个档次给分2 2 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其档次，然后以评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其档次，然后以评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其档次，然后以评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3 3 词数少与词数少与词数少与词数少与8
3、080或多与或多与或多与或多与 120120的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去的，从总分中减去2 2分。分。分。分。4 4 评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点，应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性，上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。构的数量和准确性，上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。构的数量和准确性，上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。构的数量和准确性，上下文的连贯性及语言的得体性。第3页/共38页5 5 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一
4、个方面，评拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。6 6如果书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低如果书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低如果书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低如果书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。一个档次。一个档次。一个档次。二、与过去评分原则的比较二、与过去评分原则的比较二、与过去评分原则的比较二、与过去评分原则的比较 对对对对语语语语言言言
5、言表表表表达达达达提提提提高高高高了了了了要要要要求求求求，在在在在最最最最高高高高的的的的档档档档次次次次中中中中要要要要看看看看学学学学生生生生是是是是否否否否应应应应用用用用了了了了较较较较多多多多的的的的语语语语法法法法结结结结构构构构和和和和高高高高级级级级词词词词汇汇汇汇，而而而而且且且且因因因因使使使使用用用用较较较较复复复复杂杂杂杂的的的的语语语语法法法法结结结结构构构构和和和和高高高高级级级级词词词词汇汇汇汇而而而而造造造造成成成成的的的的些些些些许许许许错错错错误误误误可可可可以以以以不不不不扣扣扣扣分分分分。这这这这就就就就是是是是鼓鼓鼓鼓励励励励学学学学生生生生去去去去
6、大大大大胆胆胆胆使使使使用用用用好好好好的的的的结结结结构构构构和和和和词词词词汇汇汇汇，学学学学生生生生可可可可以以以以放放放放开手去写，去提高语言表达的水平开手去写，去提高语言表达的水平开手去写，去提高语言表达的水平开手去写，去提高语言表达的水平 第4页/共38页二、书面表达的能力要求二、书面表达的能力要求n n1、正确使用语法规则、结构的技能正确使用语法规则、结构的技能 现现在在的的英英语语教教学学强强调调突突出出语语篇篇，淡淡化化语语法法。所所以以，学学生生在在书书面面表表达达中中的的句句子子结结构构错错误误、时时态态和和语语态态错错误误较较为为严严重重。语语法法规规则则和和句句型型是
7、是进进行行写写作作的的必必备备要要素素，语语义义要要靠靠形形式式去去表表达达，语语言言的的形形式式必必须须遵遵循循自自身身的的规规则则。所所以以一一篇篇好好的的书书面面表表达达是是正正确确使使用用语语法法规规则和结构的展现则和结构的展现。第5页/共38页2、正确的拼写和恰当选词的技能词汇是写作不可缺少的基本要素之一。如果词汇贫乏，表达时就难以得心应手；拼写错误连篇，势必影响阅卷老师的情绪；用词不当，会影响表达的意义。根据高考书面表达的统计，词汇量基本控制在考纲中的1200 个四会词之内。所以要想在书面表达中取得好成绩，对考纲中的四会词必须记会记牢。3、正确使用语篇连贯技能写书面表达往往根据所给
8、的信息提示先写出些互不连贯的单句，再把这些单句围绕一个中心，通过连接词连成前后连贯、首尾照应的一篇完整的文章。它能考查学生逻辑思维的敏捷度和语篇组织能力。第6页/共38页三书面表达的解题步骤与方法三书面表达的解题步骤与方法1、审清题意，明确要求认真阅读书面表达的试题要求是做好该题的第一步。高考书面表达一般属于控制性写作，一般都提供文章的文体（叙述、应用、说明等）、人物的身份、事情发生的时间和地点、文章的主旨、字数限制等，这些都为写作提供了依据。审题务必要细心，用第几人称去写，主要的时态范畴是什么，开头结尾该如何去写，在动笔之前都要做到心中有数。第7页/共38页2、分析要点，精心选材通过审题弄清
9、了文章的主题之后，接着要考虑文章的内容要点，可以将内容要点一一列出，选择常用的词汇和基本句型去表达。要注意要点覆盖，不要遗漏，也没有必要发挥，高考评分主要看内容要点是否齐全。3、依据篇章结构，草拟提纲动笔写一篇文章之前一定要对文章的篇章结构有个合理、清晰的构想。文章的开头和结尾、要点的排列顺序、应用文体的格式和人称等，都要仔细考虑，写出纲要。拟写的提纲应该使列出的内容层次清晰明确，结构目了然，能反映各要点之间的先后关系、从属关系或者并列关系。高考书面表达题文章较短，一般采用短文式提纲的形式。第8页/共38页4、以纲据点，扩展成文用连问成句的方法将要点词语扩展成句子，然后再用连句成文的方法形成短
10、文。注意以下几个方面：1）用积极词汇、短语和句型积极词汇是指能够正确使用的词汇。一个人掌握的全部词汇并不全是积极词汇。有时某个词、某个句型记不起来了，生疏了或者混淆了，要尽量回避，改用自己熟悉的，有把握的词或短语，不要味追求文章的华丽，追求大词，造成错误。评判一篇文章的优劣，错误的多少是一个重要标准。2）选择词汇、句型要量力而行一篇百词左右的短文，能够准确地使用复合句或使用非谓语动词表示时间、条件、原因、背景等，会使文章简洁、明快，增色不少。但长句要求语言技能较高，英语成绩较好的学生可以大胆尝试，去提高语言表达的水平，获取高分。而英语水平不是很高的学生不要刻意追求长句，尽量使用有把握的短句，力
11、争少出错误，获取中等偏上的分数。第9页/共38页3）巧用关联词句与句之间往往存在着一定的衔接关系，也就是顺承、转折、递进、因果等关系。单句之间适当加一些连接词，如and，but，however，yet，so，therefore，then，andso，andthen，later等，能够使语言更流畅，意义更清晰，逻辑关系更条理，语篇整体意义更突出。4）不会就绕道走有些地方想不出用什么词语表达时，不要一味地抠字眼（英汉两种语言本来就不是一一对应的关系）。书面表达要符合英语的表达习惯，符合西方的文化背景。有些地方只需要采取解释的方法，绕道而行，只要把意思表达明白就可以。第10页/共38页5）检查修改打
12、完草稿后一定要认真检查，避免出现不必要的错误。检查以下几个方面：要点有没有遗漏；文体格式是否有错误；时态、语态是否有错误；主谓是否一致；句子结构、词语搭配是否得当；单词拼写、大小写是否有错；标点符号是否正确；是否符合英语习惯，冠词、名词的格、代词的数是否正确。5、认真抄写虽然学生的书写已基本定型，但还是要注意以下几点：1）留出足够的时间抄写，不要赶时间。2）字母手写倾斜度一致，不要潦草。3）字母大小均匀，不要太大或太小。4）左右两端上下对齐，段落开头缩进明显。5）写错的词不要涂黑，只需在原词上划上横线，阅卷老师就明白了，这样不影响美观。第11页/共38页高考优秀作文点评高考优秀作文点评第12页
13、/共38页2002年高考书面表达年高考书面表达 最近，你校同学正在参加英文报组织的一场讨论。最近，你校同学正在参加英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请根据下表讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。情况。第13页/共38页公园要不要收门票？公园要不要收门票？60%的同学认为：的同学认为：40%的同学认为：的同学认为：1.不该收门票不该收门票2.公园是公众休闲公园是公众休闲的地方的地方3.如收票，需建大如收票，需建大门，围墙会影响门，围墙会影响城市形象城市形象1.应收门票，但票应收门票
14、，但票价不宜高价不宜高2.支付园林工人工支付园林工人工资资3.购新花木购新花木第14页/共38页【优秀答卷一实录优秀答卷一实录】Dear Editor,Dear Editor,Im Im writing writing to to tell tell you you about about the the discussion discussion weve weve had had about about whether whether an an entrance entrance fee fee should should be be charged charged for for pa
15、rksparks.About About 60%60%of of my my classmates classmates thought thought it it unsuitable unsuitable to to charge charge the the entrance entrance fee.fee.In In their their opinion,opinion,parks parks are are built built forfor the the people people to to have have a a good good rest rest after
16、after they they finish finish their their work.work.If If the the fee fee is is charged,charged,then then the the entrance entrance door door is is needed;needed;as as a a result,result,lessless people people will will go go there there frequently frequently and and we we should should say say the t
17、he city city is is not not as as beautiful beautiful and and comfortable comfortable as as before.before.But But against against their their opinion,opinion,the the rest rest studentsstudents thought thought that that the the low low price price was was acceptable.acceptable.“We“We couldnt couldnt l
18、et let the the gardener gardener work work for for us us all all for for free!”free!”part part of of them them said.said.And And a a few few of of them them even even considered considered the the problem problem of of paying paying for for thethe new new plants plants in in the the future.future.Yo
19、urs truly,Li Hua Yours truly,Li Hua第15页/共38页【优秀答卷一点评优秀答卷一点评】本文覆盖了所有要点，语言丰富，文本文覆盖了所有要点，语言丰富，文本文覆盖了所有要点，语言丰富，文本文覆盖了所有要点，语言丰富，文笔流畅，用词恰当、精彩，驾驭语言的笔流畅，用词恰当、精彩，驾驭语言的笔流畅，用词恰当、精彩，驾驭语言的笔流畅，用词恰当、精彩，驾驭语言的能力很强能力很强能力很强能力很强,特点：特点：特点：特点：1 1 语言丰富多样。文中的语言丰富多样。文中的语言丰富多样。文中的语言丰富多样。文中的unsuitable,as unsuitable,as a resul
20、t,frequently,comfortable,a result,frequently,comfortable,against,acceptable,for free,part of,against,acceptable,for free,part of,even considered the problem of paying even considered the problem of paying for.for.以及以及以及以及 in the futurein the future都是该文语言丰都是该文语言丰都是该文语言丰都是该文语言丰富的富的富的富的“点金点金点金点金”之笔。之笔。
21、之笔。之笔。第16页/共38页 2.2.连连连连词词词词用用用用得得得得很很很很恰恰恰恰当当当当。文文文文中中中中的的的的if,if,then then;as as a a result;result;asas asas before;before;But;But;And And 这些连词的使用使得文章流畅、连贯。这些连词的使用使得文章流畅、连贯。这些连词的使用使得文章流畅、连贯。这些连词的使用使得文章流畅、连贯。3.3.复复复复杂杂杂杂结结结结构构构构和和和和长长长长句句句句用用用用得得得得多多多多且且且且地地地地道道道道。如如如如：第第第第一一一一句句句句中中中中的的的的it it 代代代
22、代替替替替不不不不定定定定式式式式短短短短语语语语 to to charge charge the the entrance entrance feefee作作作作形形形形式式式式宾宾宾宾语语语语。第第第第二二二二句句句句中中中中的的的的for for sb sb to to do do sthsth结结结结构构构构。第第第第三三三三句句句句中中中中的的的的If If 引引引引导导导导的的的的条条条条件件件件状状状状语语语语从从从从句句句句，以以以以及及及及and and 连连连连接接接接的的的的并并并并列列列列句句句句和和和和 that that 引引引引导导导导的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语从从
23、从从句句句句（that that 已已已已被被被被省省省省略略略略）。第第第第四四四四句句句句中中中中的的的的that that 引引引引导导导导的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句。末末末末句句句句中中中中的的的的动动动动名名名名词词词词结结结结构构构构paying paying forfor等等等等都都都都用用用用得得得得很很很很好好好好，成为文章的亮点！成为文章的亮点！成为文章的亮点！成为文章的亮点！第17页/共38页4直接引语“Wecouldntletthegardenerworkforusallforfree!”的应用使得文章更具活力，更传神！5.againsttheiropin
24、ion用来表达对比关系，用得恰当、自然，很精彩！6灵活运用语言的能力强。如：文章并未直接说“会影响城市形象”，而是换了一种方式把它表达了出来:andweshouldsay the city is not as beautiful andcomfortableasbefore.值得肯定。缺点：文章未分段。第18页/共38页语言问题:（1）冠词掌握得不好。第二句中forthepeopletohave和末句中的payingforthenewplants中的两个冠词the都应去掉，此处只表示泛指的概念。（2）少数词使用不当。如：Thereststudents应换作therestofthestudent
25、s或者只用therest表示。（3）lesspeople不是太好。因为less的后面一般跟不可数名词，如：lessmeat/lessbeer等，此处最好使用fewerpeople来表示。本文得分：24分。第19页/共38页【优秀答卷二实录优秀答卷二实录】Dear Editor,Dear Editor,Im Im writing writing to to tell tell you you about about the the discussion discussion weve weve had had about about whether whether an an entrance
26、entrance fee fee should should be be charged charged for for parksparks.Generally Generally speakingspeaking,our our class class had had two two opinions.opinions.Most Most of of them them were were against against it.it.Six Six tenths tenths of of the the students students thought thought parkpark
27、was was a a public public place place for for people people to to have have a a rest,rest,we we had had no no right right to to charge charge for for parks.parks.And And if if wewe builtbuilt walls walls and and a a gate gate for for charge,charge,it it will will damagedamage the the beautiful beaut
28、iful pictures.pictures.However,However,the the others others thought thought as as followsfollows:An An entrance entrance fee fee should should be be charged,charged,but but the the price price must must be be low.low.The The money money collected collected will will be be used used for for dispensi
29、ng dispensing toto the the workers workers as as wageswages,and and also also use use themthem to to buy buy some some new new kinds kinds of of plants.plants.So So the the park park will will always always be be interesting instead of tiresome!interesting instead of tiresome!Yours truly Li Hua Your
30、s truly Li Hua第20页/共38页【优秀答卷二点评优秀答卷二点评】全全文文要要点点齐齐全全，用用词词范范围围大大，语语言言表表达达灵灵活活，条条理理清清晰晰，文文笔笔流流畅畅，有有扎实的语言功底。扎实的语言功底。特点：特点：1.本本文文用用了了大大量量的的高高级级词词汇汇。如如：Generally speaking,damage,as follows,dispensing to the workers as wages,instead of,tiresome 等。等。第21页/共38页2用了很多的复杂结构。如：第三句中的宾语从句中含有不定式复合结构。第四句中的if 从句。第五句中的
31、asfollows和其后的but连接的并列句，以及第六句中的动名词短语dispensing等。可以说：句句精彩，有水平！3使用了关联词generallyspeaking,however,asfollows,so等使文章紧凑、连贯。第22页/共38页4.分词用得好。Themoneycollected中的collected用得好，用得灵活。动名词dispensingtotheworkersaswages的使用展现出作者深厚的语言功底和很大的知识面，因为dispense和wages根本不是中学的词汇！5.表达灵活。作者不用60%，而是用了sixtenths来表达，用得活!如果用sixinten,si
32、xoutoften也会有异曲同工之妙！第23页/共38页缺点：1.文章未分段。2.句子结构不完整。倒数第二句中的andalsousethemto应改为canalsobeusedto，因为句子的主语是Themoneycollected，所以只能用被动语态。3.用词问题，如：（1）冠词：parkwasapublicplace中的park前应有不定冠词a（2）用词不当。如：“形象”不宜用picture最好用appearance/image/scenery/form/figure等词。第24页/共38页（3）ifwebuiltwalls中的built应改为build，此处不能用一般过去时态，因为后句用
33、的是一般将来时态。（4）末句起到了归纳的作用，并有强烈的感情色彩，但用interesting和tiresome不太贴切。本文得分：24分。第25页/共38页【优秀答卷三实录优秀答卷三实录】Dear Editor,Dear Editor,Im Im writing writing to to tell tell you you about about the the discussion discussion weve weve had had about about whether whether an an entrance entrance fee fee should should be
34、 be charged charged for for parks.parks.Sixty Sixty percent percent of of studentsstudents think think that that an an entrance entrance fee fee should should not not be be charged.charged.They They said said the the park park is is the the place place built built for for the the public.public.Peopl
35、e People have have their their rights rights to to take take a a rest rest there.there.If If the the park park charged charged the the entrance entrance fee,fee,many many park park gates gates and and guard guard wallswalls will will be be needed.needed.It It just just destroys destroys the the beau
36、tiful beautiful scenery scenery of of the the city.city.But But the the rest rest of of the the students students have have different different viewview.They They think think an an entrance entrance fee fee should should be be charged charged so so that that the the park park manager manager can can
37、 pay pay the the gardeners gardeners and and more more new new plants plants can can be be bought.bought.But But they said it should be low.they said it should be low.Yours trulyYours truly Li HuaLi Hua第26页/共38页【优秀答卷三点评优秀答卷三点评】文文文文章章章章包包包包含含含含全全全全部部部部要要要要点点点点，表表表表达达达达准准准准确确确确，书书书书写写写写流流流流畅畅畅畅、清清清清晰晰
38、晰晰，语语语语言言言言运用能力娴熟。特点：运用能力娴熟。特点：运用能力娴熟。特点：运用能力娴熟。特点：1 1 用用用用词词词词的的的的范范范范围围围围不不不不是是是是很很很很大大大大，没没没没有有有有很很很很多多多多的的的的高高高高级级级级词词词词汇汇汇汇，但但但但很很很很地地地地道道道道。如如如如:built built for for the the publicpublic，have have their their rightsrights，park park gatesgates，just just destroysdestroys，scenery scenery of of the
39、 the citycity，different different viewview等。等。等。等。2 2 被被被被动动动动语语语语态态态态的的的的使使使使用用用用使使使使文文文文章章章章增增增增色色色色不不不不少少少少，如如如如：should should not not be charged,will be needed,can be boughtbe charged,will be needed,can be bought等。等。等。等。3 3 It It just just destroys destroys 中中中中的的的的justjust和和和和 the the park park
40、 manager manager 的的的的使使使使用用用用是作者的是作者的是作者的是作者的“点石成金点石成金点石成金点石成金”之笔。之笔。之笔。之笔。展现了作者娴熟的语言运用能力。展现了作者娴熟的语言运用能力。展现了作者娴熟的语言运用能力。展现了作者娴熟的语言运用能力。第27页/共38页缺点：1.文章未分段。2.冠词的使用有问题。Sixty percent of 之后要用定冠词 the。3.围墙的英语表达法为：wall,enclosure 或enclosing wall 一般不用guard walls。4different view最好改为：their different view 或 a d
41、ifferent view 或 different views。该文得分:25分。第28页/共38页Ladies and gentlemen,Ladies and gentlemen,Im very glad to have the honor to Im very glad to have the honor to introduceintroduce our school our school toto you.you.Our school Our school is locatedis located in the center of our city,with more than 30
42、0 in the center of our city,with more than 300 teachers and some 4000 students.Over ten subjects such as Chinese,teachers and some 4000 students.Over ten subjects such as Chinese,Maths and English are taught in our school.And Maths and English are taught in our school.And learning tolearning to live
43、live,whichwhich has been written by our school,is most has been written by our school,is most popular amongpopular among us us students.The school students.The school ownsowns modern physics,chemistry and biology modern physics,chemistry and biology labs.You can surf the Internet in any office and c
44、lassroom labs.You can surf the Internet in any office and classroom any time any time you likeyou like and a reading-room and a reading-room as well asas well as a library a library is openis open toto us students us students every day.Our school is excellent,every day.Our school is excellent,I hope
45、I hope you will have a good time you will have a good time here.here.Thats all.Thank you.Thats all.Thank you.第29页/共38页评析本文属发言稿一类的书面表达，是高考常考形式之一。范文要点全面，结构层次分明，在语言的使用上用了belocatedin,aswellas,with,suchas,bepopularamongsb,beopentosb,haveagoodtime等词组和短语，堪称亮点，使用了多种复杂句式，如which引导非限制性定语从句，anytime（that）引导状语从句，
46、Ihopethat宾语从句等。第30页/共38页Ladies and gentlemen,Im very glad to have the honor to Ladies and gentlemen,Im very glad to have the honor to introduce introduce our school our school toto all of you.Our school,all of you.Our school,which lies inwhich lies in the center of the city,has over 300 teachers and
47、 about 4000 the center of the city,has over 300 teachers and about 4000 students.students.It has set up more than ten subjects,such as Chinese,It has set up more than ten subjects,such as Chinese,Maths and English.The book Maths and English.The book Learning to live which was writtenwhich was writte
48、n by our school itself is very by our school itself is very popular popular amongamong the students.the students.As forAs for school facilities,our school has modern labs for school facilities,our school has modern labs for physics,chemistry,and biology.People can surf the physics,chemistry,and biol
49、ogy.People can surf the Internet at any time in the office and classroom.Students Internet at any time in the office and classroom.Students reading room and library reading room and library are open toare open to bothboth teachers teachers and and students every day.students every day.In additionIn
50、addition,our school holds sports,our school holds sports meeting at least once a term,meeting at least once a term,which which makes our life active makes our life active and various.and various.Thats all.Thank you.I hope you have a good time in our Thats all.Thank you.I hope you have a good time in