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1、会计学1英译汉英译汉 翻译技巧之倒置法连淑能英译汉翻译技巧之倒置法连淑能英译汉教程教程inversionn n英语英语受亚里士多德的演绎法逻辑思维模式的影响，英语常受亚里士多德的演绎法逻辑思维模式的影响，英语常突出主语或主题句突出主语或主题句，注重分析推理，直线性、有秩序、有，注重分析推理，直线性、有秩序、有层次地围绕主题展开，信息安排往往采用层次地围绕主题展开，信息安排往往采用“突显突显”语序语序：由近及远、开门见山、一语破的、头短尾长，先点出主要由近及远、开门见山、一语破的、头短尾长，先点出主要的或重要的判断、结论、观点、态度、要旨、结果、行为的或重要的判断、结论、观点、态度、要旨、结果、
2、行为等，再追叙一些与此相关的背景、历史、条件、环境、事等，再追叙一些与此相关的背景、历史、条件、环境、事实、情况、情节、理由、原因、分析、例证等（实、情况、情节、理由、原因、分析、例证等（general-to-general-to-specific sequencespecific sequence），句子或语篇开头注重的是），句子或语篇开头注重的是“where where the argument/talk is goingthe argument/talk is going”；也有受培根的归纳法逻辑思；也有受培根的归纳法逻辑思维模式的影响，采用相反的语序，或按照时间先后的自然维模式的影响，
3、采用相反的语序，或按照时间先后的自然语序。语序。2023/2/262第1页/共50页inversionn n汉语汉语受儒、道、佛的悟性思维模式的影响，汉语多受儒、道、佛的悟性思维模式的影响，汉语多注重话题注重话题，注重注重“意识流意识流”，注重事理和先后顺序注重事理和先后顺序，常常采用非演绎式，常常采用非演绎式的、往往是领悟式的归纳型、经验式的临摹型或螺旋式、漫的、往往是领悟式的归纳型、经验式的临摹型或螺旋式、漫天谈式的思维模式，喜欢天谈式的思维模式，喜欢“摆事实，讲道理摆事实，讲道理”，信息安排常，信息安排常常按照常按照“自然自然”语序：由远及近、层层剥笋、逐步深入、头语序：由远及近、层层剥
4、笋、逐步深入、头长尾短，先叙述一些背景、历史、条件、环境、事实、情况、长尾短，先叙述一些背景、历史、条件、环境、事实、情况、情节、理由、原因、分析、例证等，再点出主要的或重要的情节、理由、原因、分析、例证等，再点出主要的或重要的判断、结论、观点、态度、要旨、结果、行为等（判断、结论、观点、态度、要旨、结果、行为等（specific-specific-to-general sequenceto-general sequence），句子或语篇开头注重的是），句子或语篇开头注重的是“where where the argument/talk is coming fromthe argument/ta
5、lk is coming from”，通常反映了现实的时，通常反映了现实的时间和事理顺序，犹如对现实生活经历的临摹；也有类似英语间和事理顺序，犹如对现实生活经历的临摹；也有类似英语的逻辑顺序。的逻辑顺序。2023/2/263第2页/共50页比较要点比较要点英英 语语汉汉 语语叙事部分与表态部分的顺序先总提后分述表态部分（判断、结论等）在前叙事部分（事实、分析等）在后先分述后总提顺序往往相反意思强弱、轻重部分的顺序先弱后强先轻后重先小后大顺序往往相反长短部分的顺序先短后长常用时态、连接词语等表示时间和逻辑顺序先长后短常用分句、短句、断句、流水句按时间和事理顺序排列描写性、限制性部分的位置多作定语
6、，少作谓语多作谓语，少做定语连用数个形容词的顺序越能说明人和事物本质的越靠近名词顺序往往相反2023/2/264第3页/共50页比较要点比较要点英英 语语汉汉 语语定语的位置单词在名词之前短语、从句在名词之后修饰词语较分散单词、词组和小句在名词之前没有定语从句较短的修饰词语较集中较长的修饰词语较分散状语的位置比较灵活较长的常在句末常在动词之前状语分句常在主句之前同位语的位置较长的在名词之后较短的在名词之前位置往往相反主、谓、宾（表）的位置有时不靠拢可被其他较长成分隔开靠拢，不宜相隔太远2023/2/265第4页/共50页n ninversion of word order in transla
7、ting word-inversion of word order in translating word-groups or phrasesgroups or phrasesn ninversion of word order in translating inversion of word order in translating attributesattributesn nposition of adjective clausesposition of adjective clausesn ninversion of adverbialsinversion of adverbialsn
8、 nposition of adverbial clausesposition of adverbial clausesn ninversion of sentence structureinversion of sentence structure2023/2/266inversion第5页/共50页n ninversion of word order in translating word-inversion of word order in translating word-groups or phrasesgroups or phrasesn ninversion of word or
9、der in translating inversion of word order in translating attributesattributesn nposition of adjective clausesposition of adjective clausesn ninversion of adverbialsinversion of adverbialsn nposition of adverbial clausesposition of adverbial clausesn ninversion of sentence structureinversion of sent
10、ence structure2023/2/267inversion第6页/共50页n n词组或短语的词序倒置词组或短语的词序倒置2023/2/268inversion of word order in translating word-groups or phrasesnorth,south,east,and westnortheast,northwest,southeast,southwestmen and women,young and old,sisters and brotherssooner or lateryou,he and Irich and poorfood,clothing
11、 and housing东西南北东北、西北、东南、西南男女老少、兄弟姐妹迟早你我他贫富衣食住第7页/共50页n nsmall and medium-sized countriessmall and medium-sized countries中小国家中小国家n npeasants who had little or no landpeasants who had little or no land无地和少地的农民无地和少地的农民n nbe slighted,pushed aside or attackedbe slighted,pushed aside or attacked受打击、排斥或轻视
12、受打击、排斥或轻视2023/2/269inversion of word order in translating word-groups or phrasesEnglishChinesenarrower range wider rangewider range narrower rangeless important more importantmore important less importantweaker strongerstronger weaker第8页/共50页n ninversion of word order in translating word-inversion o
13、f word order in translating word-groups or phrasesgroups or phrasesn ninversion of word order in translating inversion of word order in translating attributesattributesn nposition of adjective clausesposition of adjective clausesn ninversion of adverbialsinversion of adverbialsn nposition of adverbi
14、al clausesposition of adverbial clausesn ninversion of sentence structureinversion of sentence structure2023/2/2610inversion第9页/共50页n n定语的词序倒置定语的词序倒置2023/2/2611inversion of word order in translating attributesGod Almightyprofessor emeritusthe body politicproof positivethe rent duethird person singul
15、ar万能的神/上帝荣誉退休教授政治团体确凿的证据该付的/到期的房租单数第三人称第10页/共50页限定词限定词描述性描述性分类性分类性中心词中心词冠词、指示代词、不定代词、所有格、数量词主观判断客观描述来源物质（动）名词性质 特征大小形状新旧颜色2023/2/2612watchwallapplesfacecarpetsaveryvaluableoldgoldaredbrickhighsomeeatinggreensoursmallpinkherroundChinesegreenthreelarge一个很贵重的旧金表一堵高的红砖墙一些适宜生吃的绿色酸苹果她那张粉红色的小圆脸三条绿色的中国大地毯第1
16、1页/共50页限制性限制性判断性判断性描述性描述性本质性本质性中心词中心词物主、国别时间、地点数量、指代名词、单音节词2023/2/2613中国的中国的一位一位优秀优秀青年青年作家作家他他这几篇这几篇专为大学专为大学生编写的生编写的最新实最新实用用语法语法教材教材去年皖北去年皖北小麦的小麦的平均平均产量产量我们我们在其他地区的在其他地区的许多许多重要的重要的新新水利水利工程工程an outstanding contemporary young Chinese writerhis practical and latest textbook on grammar for college stude
17、ntsthe average output of wheat in North Anhui last yearmany of our important new water conservancy projects in other areas第12页/共50页n nConcise Oxford Dictionary of English LiteratureConcise Oxford Dictionary of English Literature牛津简明英国文学词典牛津简明英国文学词典n nThe Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current Engli
18、shThe Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English高级现代英语学习词典高级现代英语学习词典n nNineteen-century American historyNineteen-century American history十九世纪的美国历史十九世纪的美国历史/美国十九世纪的历史美国十九世纪的历史n nremarkable political stabilityremarkable political stability政局非常稳定政局非常稳定n nthe first African to be awarded the Nobel P
19、rize in recognition of his the first African to be awarded the Nobel Prize in recognition of his long non-violent struggle against racial discriminationlong non-violent struggle against racial discrimination因长期同种族歧视作非暴力斗争而被授予诺贝尔奖的第一位非洲人因长期同种族歧视作非暴力斗争而被授予诺贝尔奖的第一位非洲人2023/2/2614inversion of word order
20、in translating attributes第13页/共50页n nShe had such a She had such a kindly,smiling,tender,gentle,generous kindly,smiling,tender,gentle,generous heart of heart of her own.her own.她心地厚道，为人乐观，性情温柔，待人和蔼，气量又大。她心地厚道，为人乐观，性情温柔，待人和蔼，气量又大。n nShe was an She was an intelligent,attractive and somewhat temperamen
21、tal intelligent,attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-to-do doctor in Haddington.daughter of a well-to-do doctor in Haddington.她是哈丁顿一位富裕医生的女儿，有才华，又迷人，但有点她是哈丁顿一位富裕医生的女儿，有才华，又迷人，但有点脾气。脾气。n nThen one can see the Then one can see the ovaloval face of a face of a handsome young handsom
22、e young woman woman with with deep dark deep dark eyes and eyes and long heavy clinging long heavy clinging tresses.tresses.那时可以看出，她是一个眉清目秀的少女，鹅蛋形脸，两眼那时可以看出，她是一个眉清目秀的少女，鹅蛋形脸，两眼又深又黑，披着又长又密的头发。又深又黑，披着又长又密的头发。2023/2/2615inversion of word order in translating attributes第14页/共50页n ninversion of word orde
23、r in translating word-inversion of word order in translating word-groups or phrasesgroups or phrasesn ninversion of word order in translating inversion of word order in translating attributesattributesn nposition of adjective clausesposition of adjective clausesn ninversion of adverbialsinversion of
24、 adverbialsn nposition of adverbial clausesposition of adverbial clausesn ninversion of sentence structureinversion of sentence structure2023/2/2616inversion第15页/共50页position of adjective clausesn n定语从句的位置定语从句的位置英语的定语从句主要分为限制性定语英语的定语从句主要分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定从句和非限制性定语从句两类。限制性定语从句通常与被修饰的名词关系比较紧密，语
25、从句通常与被修饰的名词关系比较紧密，如果不是很长，翻译时宜将其置于名词之如果不是很长，翻译时宜将其置于名词之前；非限制性定语从句一般只对被修饰的前；非限制性定语从句一般只对被修饰的名词做描述和补充说明，通常较长，翻译名词做描述和补充说明，通常较长，翻译时宜将其与主句拆开译为两个分句。时宜将其与主句拆开译为两个分句。2023/2/2617第16页/共50页n nObjects Objects that do not transfer light that do not transfer light cause shadows.cause shadows.不透光的不透光的不透光的不透光的物体会造成
26、阴影。物体会造成阴影。n nAtoms are the units Atoms are the units out of which molecules are builtout of which molecules are built.原子是原子是构成分子的构成分子的构成分子的构成分子的基本单位。基本单位。n nHere we shall discuss only such factors Here we shall discuss only such factors as may cause as may cause distortions of the signaldistortions
27、 of the signal.这里我们将只讨论那些这里我们将只讨论那些可能引起信号失真的可能引起信号失真的可能引起信号失真的可能引起信号失真的因素。因素。n nWe could not really feel satisfied,calm or in agreement with We could not really feel satisfied,calm or in agreement with the situation the situation with which we are faced at the beginning of this with which we are fac
28、ed at the beginning of this session of the General Assemblysession of the General Assembly.我们对我们对本届联合国大会开始时所面临的本届联合国大会开始时所面临的本届联合国大会开始时所面临的本届联合国大会开始时所面临的局势难以感到满意，局势难以感到满意，也难以感到心安理得。也难以感到心安理得。2023/2/2618position of adjective clauses第17页/共50页n nBernard Shaw was a well-known English playwright,Bernard
29、Shaw was a well-known English playwright,who wrote who wrote many playsmany plays.萧伯纳写过许多剧本萧伯纳写过许多剧本萧伯纳写过许多剧本萧伯纳写过许多剧本，是英国一位著名剧作家。，是英国一位著名剧作家。n nYou,You,whose ancestors pioneered the paths of modern civilizationwhose ancestors pioneered the paths of modern civilization,have,have taken the road to hi
30、gher forms of social organization and taken the road to higher forms of social organization and culture.culture.你们的祖先开辟了走向现代文明的道路你们的祖先开辟了走向现代文明的道路你们的祖先开辟了走向现代文明的道路你们的祖先开辟了走向现代文明的道路，而你们现在又已踏上，而你们现在又已踏上了走向更高级的社会组织和文化形式的道路。了走向更高级的社会组织和文化形式的道路。n nAir is a mixture of gasesAir is a mixture of gases,of whi
31、ch oxygen forms 21 percent by,of which oxygen forms 21 percent by volumevolume.空气是多种气体的混合物，空气是多种气体的混合物，其中氧气占其体积的其中氧气占其体积的其中氧气占其体积的其中氧气占其体积的21%21%21%21%。n nThe time has long passed The time has long passed when they sought comfort in the thought when they sought comfort in the thought that our econom
32、ic plans were unrealistic and unworkablethat our economic plans were unrealistic and unworkable.以前他们认为我们的经济计划是不现实的、行不通的，并以此以前他们认为我们的经济计划是不现实的、行不通的，并以此以前他们认为我们的经济计划是不现实的、行不通的，并以此以前他们认为我们的经济计划是不现实的、行不通的，并以此聊以自慰。聊以自慰。聊以自慰。聊以自慰。这样的岁月早已一去不复返了。这样的岁月早已一去不复返了。2023/2/2619position of adjective clauses第18页/共50
33、页定语从句有时可以表达目的、结果、定语从句有时可以表达目的、结果、原因、条件、转折、让步等意义，翻原因、条件、转折、让步等意义，翻译时可以将表达该意义的连接词译出。译时可以将表达该意义的连接词译出。2023/2/2620position of adjective clauses第19页/共50页n nJohn,John,who was sick yesterdaywho was sick yesterday,did not come to class.,did not come to class.约翰昨天病了，约翰昨天病了，所以所以所以所以没来上课。没来上课。n nPeterPeter,who
34、 had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiments,who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiments,could not obtain satisfactory results,because he followed them mechanically.could not obtain satisfactory results,because he followed them mechanical
35、ly.虽然虽然虽然虽然彼得在做实验之前从头到尾仔细阅读过操作指南，但是由于他生搬硬套，彼得在做实验之前从头到尾仔细阅读过操作指南，但是由于他生搬硬套，所以得不到满意的结果。所以得不到满意的结果。n nWe maintain that no peace situation is permanent We maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take into account which does not take into account the legitimate wishes of the majorit
36、y of the people of any countrythe legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.我们认为，我们认为，如果如果如果如果不体谅一个国家大多数人民的正当愿望，任何和平局面都是不体谅一个国家大多数人民的正当愿望，任何和平局面都是不会持久的。不会持久的。n nSo my chances of getting to revolutionary China are pretty slim although I have So my chances of getting to revolution
37、ary China are pretty slim although I have not given up my efforts to get a passport,not given up my efforts to get a passport,which will enable me to visit the countries which will enable me to visit the countries of Socialismof Socialism.因此，我到革命的中国来的希望相当小了，虽然我并没有放弃努力，争取获因此，我到革命的中国来的希望相当小了，虽然我并没有放弃努
38、力，争取获得护照，得护照，以便以便以便以便访问社会主义国家。访问社会主义国家。2023/2/2621position of adjective clauses第20页/共50页n ninversion of word order in translating word-inversion of word order in translating word-groups or phrasesgroups or phrasesn ninversion of word order in translating inversion of word order in translating attrib
39、utesattributesn nposition of adjective clausesposition of adjective clausesn ninversion of adverbialsinversion of adverbialsn nposition of adverbial clausesposition of adverbial clausesn ninversion of sentence structureinversion of sentence structure2023/2/2622inversion第21页/共50页inversion of adverbia
40、lsn n状语的词序倒置状语的词序倒置英语的副词经常位于动词后或整个句英语的副词经常位于动词后或整个句子的最后。子的最后。而汉语的副词则经常位于它们所修饰而汉语的副词则经常位于它们所修饰的动词前，表达目的地、程度、目的和结的动词前，表达目的地、程度、目的和结果等的副词除外。果等的副词除外。2023/2/2623第22页/共50页S+V(+O)MannerPlace of DirectionFrequencyTimeWe studyhardin the classroomeveryday.He has beento Londonseveral timesthis years.He walkedr
41、ound the parkbefore supper.I saw that filmat the Regal Cinematwicelast week.2023/2/2624inversion of adverbials第23页/共50页STimePlace of DirectionMannerV(+O)Frequency我去年在北京愉快地遇见他两次。她每天早晨在室外大声朗读。我们每周在学校里看电影一次。他每天清早环校慢跑两周。2023/2/2625inversion of adverbials第24页/共50页n ninversion of word order in translating
42、 word-inversion of word order in translating word-groups or phrasesgroups or phrasesn ninversion of word order in translating inversion of word order in translating attributesattributesn nposition of adjective clausesposition of adjective clausesn ninversion of adverbialsinversion of adverbialsn npo
43、sition of adverbial clausesposition of adverbial clausesn ninversion of sentence structureinversion of sentence structure2023/2/2626inversion第25页/共50页position of adverbial clausesn n状语从句的位置状语从句的位置English adverbial clauses denoting English adverbial clauses denoting resultresult,mannermanner or or co
44、mparisoncomparison usually usually follow the main clause;other adverbial follow the main clause;other adverbial clauses denoting clauses denoting timetime,placeplace,causecause,conditioncondition,concessionconcession or or purposepurpose may may precede or follow the main clause.precede or follow t
45、he main clause.2023/2/2627第26页/共50页position of adverbial clausesChinese subordinate clauses(Chinese subordinate clauses(从属分句从属分句)denoting)denoting resultresult or or comparisoncomparison follow the follow the main clause;other subordinate clauses main clause;other subordinate clauses denoting denoti
46、ng timetime,placeplace,causecause,conditioncondition,concessionconcession or or purposepurpose generally precede generally precede the main clauses.the main clauses.2023/2/2628第27页/共50页n nStormy applause broke forth Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stagethe moment she appea
47、red on the stage.她一出现在台上，就爆发出暴雨般的掌声。她一出现在台上，就爆发出暴雨般的掌声。n nThe machine will start The machine will start as soon as you press the buttonas soon as you press the button.你一按电钮，机器就会开动。你一按电钮，机器就会开动。n nIm proud Im proud that our country is forging ahead at such a speedthat our country is forging ahead at
48、such a speed.我国如此突飞猛进，我感到很骄傲。我国如此突飞猛进，我感到很骄傲。n nShe was She was so so worried worried that she could hardly eat her supperthat she could hardly eat her supper.她担心得简直吃不下晚饭。她担心得简直吃不下晚饭。n nShe would have fallen She would have fallen but that I caught herbut that I caught her.要不是我抓住她，她早就摔倒了。要不是我抓住她，她早就摔
49、倒了。2023/2/2629position of adverbial clauses第28页/共50页n nMany centuries had passed Many centuries had passed beforebefore man learned to make fire.man learned to make fire.n nIll do it now Ill do it now beforebefore I forget it.I forget it.n nWe had scarcely left our school We had scarcely left our sc
50、hool beforebefore it began to rain.it began to rain.n nIt was not long It was not long beforebefore he knew it.he knew it.n nBeforeBefore I enter on the main subject I have something to say.I enter on the main subject I have something to say.n nBeforeBefore I could say a single word,he ran away.I co