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1、会计学1英语六大基本句型结构英语六大基本句型结构00134英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种基本句型基本句型。掌握这六种基本句型,是掌握各种英掌握这六种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。语句子结构的基础。英语基本句型列式如下:英语基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:基本句型一:+(主谓)(主谓)基本句型二:基本句型二:+(主系(主系表)表)基本句型三:基本句型三:+(主谓(主谓宾)宾)基本句型四基本句型四:+IO+IO+(主谓间宾直(主谓间宾直(主谓间宾直(主谓间宾直 宾)宾)宾)宾)基本句型五:基本句型五:+(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补
2、)基本句型六:基本句型六:There be There be 句式句式句式句式第1页/共24页基本句型基本句型 一一+(主谓)(主谓)此句型的句子的特点即句子的谓语此句型的句子的特点即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第2页/共24页 (不及物动词)(不及物动词)1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.An accident5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.Theyflies.rose.cooked.ha
3、ppened.laughed.woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday have gone第3页/共24页常用不及物动词有常用不及物动词有:appear(出现出现),apologize(道歉道歉),arrive,agree,belong(属于属于),come,die,disappear(消失消失),exist(存在存在),fall,go,happen,hurry,listen,look,occur(发生发生),rise(升起升起),sit,sail(航行航行),succeed 词组有词组有:take place,run out,break ou
4、t,come out第4页/共24页基本句型 二 +(主系表)(主系表)(主系表)(主系表)此句型的句子的特点:此句型的句子的特点:句子谓语动词句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做。这类动词叫做连系动词。连系动词。第5页/共24页(是系动词)(是系动词)(表语表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face 9
5、.This is smellsfelt looks is is becameturned is an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.what I like.第6页/共24页 基本句型基本句型 三三 +(主谓宾)(主谓宾)(主谓宾)(主谓宾)此句型句子的共同特点是:谓此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受
6、者,才能使意思完整者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫。这类动词叫做及物动词。做及物动词。第7页/共24页(实义动词)(实义动词)(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 4.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 8.He 9.Iknows lovesunderstands made ate likes want said regrettedthe answer?him.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.饼饼to have a cup of tea.Good morning.having done that.第8页/共24页 基本句型基本句型 四四 +IO+
7、IO+(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)此句型的句子特点:谓语动词必须跟此句型的句子特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(一般指物一般指物),另一个是动作的间接承受者另一个是动作的间接承受者(通常指人通常指人)。eg:give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.第9页/共24页(及(及物)物)(多(多指人)指人)(多指物)(多指物)1.She2.She 3.She 4.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He passed cooked brough
8、t bought showed gave told told himher me you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.第10页/共24页n n可以带双宾语的动词:n n买卖关系:buy pay cost n n给予关系:give grant pass offer bring sendn n借还关系:lend return owe n n说服关系:tell persuad
9、en n其他关系:wish name make call 第11页/共24页 基本句型基本句型 五五 +(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾补)此句型的句子的共同特点是:此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词后面只跟一个宾语还不能表动词后面只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须达完整的意思,必须加上一个补加上一个补充成分来补足宾语充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思,才能使意思完整。完整。第12页/共24页(及物)(及物)(宾语)(宾语)(宾补)(宾补)1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found ma
10、kes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.第13页/共24页 基本句型基本句型 六六 There be There be 句式句式句式句式n n构成:There be.句型表示“某处有(存在)某人或某事物”,其结构为 There be(is are was were)+名词+地点状语n nThere are fifty-two students in our
11、class.n nThere is a pencil in my pencil-case.第14页/共24页一、一、There be 结构中的主谓一致结构中的主谓一致n n There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词,或是不可数名词,be动词用“is”“was”。例如:vThere is a basketball in the box.vThere is a little milk in the glass.第15页/共24页如果句子的主语是复数名词,如果句子的主语是复数名词,如果句子的主语是复数名词,如果句子的主语是复数名词,beb
12、e动词就用动词就用动词就用动词就用“are”“were”are”“were”。例如。例如。例如。例如 n nThere were many people in the street yesterday.第16页/共24页 如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,bebe动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的持一致,也就是我们常说的持一致,也就是我们常说的持一致,也就是我们常说的“
13、就近原则就近原则就近原则就近原则”。例如。例如。例如。例如:There is an orange and some bananas in the There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.basket.There are two bottles and an ashtray on the There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf.shelf.第17页/共24页n n1.They work hard.1.They work hard.主主主主 +谓谓谓谓n n2.The flowe
14、r is dead.2.The flower is dead.主主主主 +系系系系 +表表表表n n3.Plants need water.3.Plants need water.主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 +宾宾宾宾n n4.He gives me some seeds.4.He gives me some seeds.主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 +直宾直宾直宾直宾 +简宾简宾简宾简宾n n5.We should keep the plants in the shade.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主主主 +谓谓谓谓 +宾宾宾宾 +宾补宾补宾补宾补
15、n n6.6.His face turned red.His face turned red.主主主主 +系系系系+表表表表第18页/共24页n n7.There was a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV 7.There was a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night.last night.There be There be 句式句式n n8.She seems kind.8.She seems kind.主主+系系+表表n n9.We found her in tears.9.We found h
16、er in tears.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补n n10.I assure you that this medicine will help you.10.I assure you that this medicine will help you.主主+谓谓+间间宾宾+直直宾宾n n11.He has refused to help them.11.He has refused to help them.主主+谓谓+宾宾第19页/共24页n n12.They encouraged her to try again.12.They encouraged her to try again.主主
17、+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补n n13.He admits that he was mistaken.13.He admits that he was mistaken.主主+谓谓+宾宾n n14.The pen writes smoothly.14.The pen writes smoothly.主主 +谓谓+状状n n15.The dinner smells good.15.The dinner smells good.主主+系系+表表第20页/共24页5 Analyze the following sentences to see which pattern they belong to.1)
18、Both men speak loudly and clearly.2)An introduction usually includes a greeting and a handshake.3)My e-mail address is .4)They will just wave goodbye to the whole group.5)Our department head will give a dinner to welcome you.6)You could simply call me Wang.7)In her bag there is a passport and a pen.
19、There be句式句式主主+谓谓+状状主主+谓谓+宾宾主主+系系+表表主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾主主+谓谓+宾宾+状状主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补BackWrite and Apply Rules第21页/共24页We often prepare some Chinese food for our foreign friends.Can you give me some help?/Can you do me a favor?Lets reserve for him a quiet room in the hotel.Li Li teaches Mr.Green Chinese every
20、 morning.Please call me David.Do you often send e-mails to your parents?There are quite a few new words in this text.7 Translate the following sentences into English.Write and Translate1)1)我们经常为我们的外国朋友准备一些中国食品。我们经常为我们的外国朋友准备一些中国食品。2)2)你能给我帮个忙吗?你能给我帮个忙吗?3)3)我们替他在这个旅馆预订一个比较安静的房间吧。我们替他在这个旅馆预订一个比较安静的房间吧。4)4)李丽每天早晨教格林先生学习中文。李丽每天早晨教格林先生学习中文。5)5)请叫我大卫好了。请叫我大卫好了。6)6)你经常给父母发电子邮件吗?你经常给父母发电子邮件吗?7)7)这篇课文中有不少生词。这篇课文中有不少生词。Back第22页/共24页第23页/共24页