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1、会计学1美国现代主义文学美国现代主义文学n nPuzzled and desperate Puzzled and desperate n nPessimisticPessimisticn nAs As a result of the First World Wara result of the First World War：Social Social breakdown and individual powerlessness and breakdown and individual powerlessness and hopelessness became part of the Amer
2、ican hopelessness became part of the American experience experience n nThere There was a decline in moral standard and this was a decline in moral standard and this period was best period was best described described as a spiritual wasteland.as a spiritual wasteland.There was the loss of faith.Peopl
3、e lived a There was the loss of faith.People lived a purposeless,futilepurposeless,futile（徒劳的）（徒劳的）and chaotic(and chaotic(混乱的，混乱的，无秩序的无秩序的)life.)life.The World War I and The World War I and IIII第1页/共13页The outburst of the financial crisis was a great disaster.The whole capitalist countries was stru
4、ck by such catastrophic.The Great Depression(19291933)第2页/共13页n nA list of philosophical theories were widely spread in A list of philosophical theories were widely spread in AmericanAmericann nMarxism,Marxism,马克思主义理论马克思主义理论马克思主义理论马克思主义理论;n nFreud analytical Freud analytical psychologypsychology弗洛伊德
5、的心理分析弗洛伊德的心理分析弗洛伊德的心理分析弗洛伊德的心理分析n nStream of consciousnessStream of consciousness威廉威廉威廉威廉 詹姆斯的意识流学说詹姆斯的意识流学说詹姆斯的意识流学说詹姆斯的意识流学说Sigmund Freud(欧洲文艺思潮欧洲文艺思潮)第3页/共13页n nAfter the first world war,there was a booming industry and material prosperityn nUrbanization and Urbanization and industrializationindu
6、strializationEconomy第4页/共13页n nThere was a spiritual crisis in the modern periodThere was a spiritual crisis in the modern period，but a full but a full blossoming of literary writings.The expatriate movementblossoming of literary writings.The expatriate movement，also called also called the second Am
7、erican Renaissancethe second American Renaissance，is the most recognizable literary is the most recognizable literary movement that gave rise to the twentieth century American literature.movement that gave rise to the twentieth century American literature.When the First World War broke outWhen the F
8、irst World War broke out，many young men volunteered many young men volunteered to take part in the war to end Wars only to find that modern warfare to take part in the war to end Wars only to find that modern warfare was not as glorious or heroic as they thought it to be.Disillusioned and was not as
9、 glorious or heroic as they thought it to be.Disillusioned and disgusted by the frivolousdisgusted by the frivolous，greedy greedy，and heedless way of life in and heedless way of life in AmericaAmerica，they began to write and they wrote from their own they began to write and they wrote from their own
10、 experiences in the war.Among these young writers were the most experiences in the war.Among these young writers were the most prominent figures in American literatureprominent figures in American literature，especially in modern especially in modern American 1iterature.They were basically expatriate
11、s who 1eft America American 1iterature.They were basically expatriates who 1eft America and formed a community of writers and artists in Parisand formed a community of writers and artists in Paris，involved with involved with other European novelists and poets in their experimentation on new other Eu
12、ropean novelists and poets in their experimentation on new modes of thought and expression.These writers were later named by modes of thought and expression.These writers were later named by an American writeran American writer，Gertrude Stein Gertrude Stein，also an expatriate also an expatriate，The
13、Lost The Lost Generation.Generation.The expatriate movement 第5页/共13页1914 World War I 1945 World War II TrajectoryStart End 第6页/共13页n nIt refers to,in general,the post-World It refers to,in general,the post-World War War generation,generation,but but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned i
14、ntellectuals and specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists,who experimented on new modes of thought and artists,who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and expression by rebelling against former ideals and
15、 values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism.The replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism.The remark of Gertrude Stein,You are all a lost generation,remark of Gertrude Stein,You are all a lost generation,addressed to Hemingway,was used as an epigraph to the addressed
16、to Hemingway,was used as an epigraph to the latters novel latters novel The Sun Also RisesThe Sun Also Rises,which brilliantly describes those,which brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America
17、 in order to create new types of writing.The generation America in order to create new types of writing.The generation was lost in the sense that its inherited values were no longer was lost in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spirit
18、ual relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U.S.that seemed to its members to be alienation from a U.S.that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial,materialistic,and emotional barren.The hopelessly provincial,materialistic,and emotional barren.The term
19、embraces Hemingway,F.Scott Fitzgerald,Ezra Pound,term embraces Hemingway,F.Scott Fitzgerald,Ezra Pound,E.E.Cummings,and many other writers who made Paris the E.E.Cummings,and many other writers who made Paris the center of their literary activities in the 1920s.center of their literary activities in
20、 the 1920s.The Lost Generation第7页/共13页n nPound was one of the most important poets and critics of Pound was one of the most important poets and critics of his time and he was regarded as the father of modern his time and he was regarded as the father of modern American poetry.He is a leading spokesm
21、an of the Imagist American poetry.He is a leading spokesman of the Imagist MovementMovement，which though short-lived which though short-lived，had a had a tremendous influence on modern poetrytremendous influence on modern poetryn n面具面具（19091909）n n反击反击（19121912）n n献献祭祭（19161916）n n休休 西尔文西尔文 毛伯莱毛伯莱（1
22、9201920）n n诗章诗章（1917-19591917-1959EzraPound 庞德庞德（1885-1972）第8页/共13页n n太阳照常升起太阳照常升起（The Sun Also Rises,1926）n n永别了，武器（Farewell to Arms,1929）n n丧钟为谁而鸣（For Whom the Bell Tolls,1940）n n老人与海（The Old Man and the Sea,1952）Ernest Hemingway,欧内斯欧内斯特特海明威海明威（18991961）第9页/共13页n n少年的意愿（A Boys Wish,1913）n n波士顿以北（N
23、orth of Boston,1914）Robert Frost,罗伯特罗伯特弗弗罗斯特（罗斯特（18741963）第10页/共13页n n喧哗与骚动喧哗与骚动The The Sound and the Sound and the FuryFury，19291929n n我弥留之际我弥留之际As As I Lay I Lay DyingDying，19301930n n圣殿圣殿SanctuarySanctuary，19311931n n八月之光八月之光Light Light in in AugustAugust，19321932n n塔门塔门PylonPylon，19351935William Faulkner,威廉威廉 福克纳福克纳（18971962）第11页/共13页n nDiscontinuity and fragmentationn nHuman n nStream of consciousnessCharacteristics第12页/共13页