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1、必修 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars要点梳理要点梳理高效梳理知识备考啦点单词1. astronomy n.天文学fastronomer n.天文学家system n.系统：体系：制度2. theory n.学说：理论一iheorelictil udj.理论上的1. 反岫e n.球体；地球仪：地球一gl曲11adj.全球性的:全世界的5. violent adj.猛烈的:激烈的：强暴的一violence n.爨力-violontly adv.混烈地atmosphere n.大气层：气组6. unlike prep.不同：不像一dis 1
2、ike vl.不喜欢Presence n.出席；到场；存在-presein adj. & n, & v.在场的：目前，现在：出席；颁发，授予7. harmful adj,有宙的:伤害的f harm n.危告，9处f harmless adj.无由的exist vi.存在,生存f exisleuce n.存在.生存8. . puzzle n.谜：难题vt. &、,i.（使）迷惑；（使）为难一puzzled adj.迷惑的一puzzl inR adj.令人迷惑的gravity n.万有引力；iR力9. satellite n.卫星；人造卫星II. cl imiite n.气候15. spacesh
3、ip n.宇宙长器puH. n. &拉（力储拖；牵引力16. floal vi. & vt.（使）浮动：（使）漂浮n.漂浮物mass n.质破：团；块；大成；（纪）树众堂点短语及时；终于及时；终于1. n time拓展：break away fro0脱离（政党等）i打破（陈套等）break down出故障,抛锚；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉；打倒，前被；（化合物等）分解break in破门而入；闯入；打断（话语等）break into破门而入，突然起来break off折断：突然中止，断绝，结束break through 突破break up打殊，拆散；故开，解散；（学校）期末放假,（
4、集会）结束break into pieces 成为碎片即学即练7介、副词填空(l)She started to speak, then broke ohile a waitress served us with coffee.(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke .(3)Her health broke under the pressure of work, off up downShould another world war break* what would become of human beings?(5)Firemen had to b
5、reak the doorto reach the people trapped inside.(6)The meeting broke at eleven oclock.outdown8. watch out注意；当心watch out(for)= look out (for)密切注意:留神take care留神,注懑be careful仔细.用神watch it当心，小心watch over照看：看守keep a close watch/eye on 带切注视即学即练 8 (1)! There is a car coming! 当心！有车来了！(2)cars while crossing
6、the road.过马路时要当心车辆。(3)not to catch a cold. =not to catch a cold.当心别着冰, Watch outWatch out for Be careful Take careH .16点句型详解1. This produced a chain reaction, which made i_t possible for life I。deYelop.这就,形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能.本句中it做形式宾语，更正的宾语为不定式短语for life to develop, it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。He thinks it h
7、is duty to help others.他认为精助别人是他的职责。He made it a rule to get up at six every morning.他把每天早晨6点起床作为顶规定，He consider it no use going to the seaside.我们认为去海边没用处.He ul1 consider it a pity that you didn ,1 come to the parly. 我们都认为你没有来参加聚会很遗憾.I hale it when people speak with their mouths ful1.我不喜玳人们说话时嘴里有满满的
8、东西。You may depend on it that we re honest.你可以相信我们是诚实的.拓展：it还可以性形式主语，代替真.正的主语一一不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。(Dlfs+adi+for sb. to do sth.对某人来说做某事是的.(2) It* s+adj. +of sb. Io do sth.某人做某事(3)It* s/as/. who/that.是某人/某物做(4) 11 is/was the+序数词+time+that. +主语+have/had done.这是某人第次做It is (high) time that. +主
9、语+ did/should do.是该做的时候了.s said/reported/believed/announced that.据说/据报道/据猜测/据称(7)It s a pity/a shamc/a wonder. that.可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是It happens/appears/seems that.恰巧/看来/好像(8) It looks/seems as if.看起来好像(10)11 s up to sb. Io do.该某人做了即境活用 1 (l)He didnt make clear when and where the eeting would be held.A. thi
10、sB. thatC. itD. these解析：it做形式宾语.其正宾语为hcn and hcre从句。 答案：C(2)Id appreciate if you would like to teach how to use the computer.A. thatB. itC. thisD. you解析：it做形式宾语.代替if从句.答案：BBut when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fel1 over. 而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是
11、在地球上的两倍.因而我摔倒了.倍数的表达方式有：(1) “A +倍数+形容诃或副词的比较级+ than+B”，表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍工“A +倍数+as +形容词或制词的原级+as + B”,表示“R是B的多少倍”.(2) -A+倍数+ ihe size/height/length/vidth. etc. +of+Bw.表示 “R 是 B 的多少倍”.“A+倍数+hat从句”,表示“A是的多少倍”。Asia is four ties as large as Europe.=The size of Asia is four times that of Europe.=Asia is
12、 four ties the size of Europe.=Asia is three times larger than Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍八Our total income of 1994 was double that of 1992.我们1991年的总收入是1992年的两倍.The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产砧是十年前的三倍。即境活用 2 (1)Though its a challenging job, he did it it took me.A. onethi
13、rd a timeB. onethird timeC. the onethird timeD. onethird the time解析：考查倍数比较的句型,即倍数+ the+n. ”结构.答案：D(2)What u table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is it is long.A. half not as wide asB. wide not as half asC. not half as wide asD. as wide as not half解析:考查倍数比较half+as.as,答案：C2. .walking does nee
14、d a bit of practice now thai gravity has changed. 既然雨力改变了，行走的确需婆一些练习(D句中does need是一种强调句式.在一般句型中.do (does, did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气,在句中要重读.译为“真的”“的确” “确实”等.You do look nice today.你今天看起来真的很漂亮，Jack said he would come and he did cone.杰克说他要来，他果真来了.在祈使句中,d。表示强烈的请求,而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加,客气、热情、友好,而且亲切，此时的d。可谛为“千万
15、.务必”等。Please do sit down.务必请坐下。Do be careful next time.下次千万要小心。(2)now that在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于since, 意为“既然，由于,that可省略。Now that you have finished your work, you d better have a rest.既然工作已经做完了，你炒好休息一下.辨析：noir t hat /because/s i nee/as/fornow that说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”because语气以强，回答的是用why提问的问句，表示过接的或为人所不知的原因，
16、since与as语气较because弱，表示显而易见或己为人所知的原因.since侧苴主句.us主从井重.语气比since弱。for是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解样，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。Why did you do this?你为什么这么做？一Because it is good for you.因为这对你有好处.Since you have known it, I won l repeat it.既然你已经知道了，我就不也发了。Wear strong shoes as we shal1 do a lot of walking.穿上结实的鞋子，因为我们要走不少路.It
17、rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚下雨了.因为地面是湿的，即境活用 3 (1) In my opinion, arhat Fei Jun long and Nie Hai shenggood to our country* s international positions.A. did do dosB. did does doC. does did doD. do do did解析：第一个did是whal主语从句中的谓语动词；第二个does强调谓语do good to.故选B,答案：B易用点拨自我完善误区需考1) unlike/dislik
18、e/alike/likely(Dunlike prep.不同：不像dislike vt.不喜欢(3)al ike adj.相似的,同样的(4)likely adj.很可能发生的,有希望的解析：no that引导原因状语从句，相当于since,意为：既然。 答案：D应用 1用 unlike, disl ike, alike, likely 的适当形式填空r (l)Thc twins look very much .2) ) his brother, he playing football.(3)We all think he is lo win.alikeUnlikedislikes1ikely
19、2. pull/drag/draw(Dpull是普通用语.指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向,(2)dHg是指“拖”“拉”若笨重的物体擦着地面,缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作.(3)draw是指“拖”“拉的物体向自己所在的方向移动.而且拖、拉的动作是从容的.不太费劲的。应用 2 (1)She a truck out from under the bed.(2) the door open. Don t push i t.(3) your chair up to the table.(4)The ants arepieces of corn.dragg
20、edPullDrawpulling3. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no time in time及时：总有一天：终于on time按时at one i加c曾经.一度at a time 1次，同时at tines 有时at no time决不.在任何时候都不in no time立.刻.马上应用 3 (l)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear . (2) she wa
21、nted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.(3)They ran all the c d答案及解析：1. B,细节题，由第三段可知B项正确叙述了处高的人生羟历。2. Which words can best describe Van Goghs later years?A. Sad and boring.B. Normal and peaceful.C. Jlappy but fruitless.D. Painful but productive.答案解析:九推断题。根据文堂可知，梵高晚年患有严虔的精
22、神疾摘(serious menial illness).而他的大部分著名作品创造于生命的最后两年，由此可以判 断他的晚年是“福苦而又多产的”。3. Why did Van Gogh kill himself?A. Because he was a failure as an artist.B. Because he had an unhappy family.C. Because he lost his beloved brother.D. Because he was suffering from mental illness.答案解析:D。细节题。第二段结尾告诉我们，就高晚年患有严肃的新神
23、疾病，第dg段开头接希说梵高自杀，由此可知D项正确。4. What can we learn from the passage?A. Van Gogh didn, t become famous until he died.B. Van Gogh drew and sold many jointings in his life.C. Van Gogh achieved great success during his lifetime.D. Van Gogh drew sost of his paintings between 18fi8 and 1890.4.答案解析:A。推断题。结合最后一
24、，段开头 The only painting he sold during his lifetime.,和第三段结尾 11 would not take long before his fame grew higher and higher,可以判断处高生前并不蟀煌，只是死后才声名大噪，故A项正确，本文是一篇对比文，特点是平行论述，没有主次之分，作者不发表态度和结论，一般两种观点的开头可当做文章主旨.BSome futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge （剧增）of women in the workforce may per lend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, wnuld rather work than marry. The converse（J&lfti）of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi paycheck household coul