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1、形容词与副词草知识梳理一、形容词：用来说明或修饰名词、代词的词称为形容词.1、形容词的句法作用：作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。2、形容词在句子中的位置：作定课时放在名词的前画，形容词修饰名词。前置形容词(作定语)的顺序为：口诀：限定描绘大长高；形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料；作用类别往后靠。解析：“限定词”包括冠词、物主代词，指示代词或数词；“描绘”性形容词：beautifuLugly bad.；“材料“词如：wooden,silk,gold.；作用类词：medical,writing desk,police are.Ee：a big yellow wooden Chinese
2、 ship(一个黄色的大型中国木船)作定语时，若被修饰的词是something,anything等不定代词时，形容词要后置。Eg: someth i ng/anyth i ng i mportant(2)作表语时放在be动词或连系动词之后，构成系表结构。Eg:The flower is beautiful, (be 动词+adj) The idea sounds great.G车系动词+adi) be动词有am/is/are;连系动词主要有：一似乎(seem),二变化(become, get, tum),三保持(keep, stay, remain),四感官(feel, sound ,look
3、, smell,taste)(3)作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。常与 make,leave,keep,find,feelthink 等动词连用。Eg:Wc must try our best to keep our environment clean.The movie makes me sad. |注意：enough修饰形容词时，需放在形容词的后面；enough修饰名词时，放在名词的前面Eg:big enoughEg:big enoughsmall enoughenough timeenough money.Yangpu Bridge is one of in the world.A, big
4、ger bridge B, the biggest bridge C, the biggest bridges D, bigger bridges.Ive got an A for my history,“ Judy said.A, sadly B, sad C, h叩pily D. happythink the song in the film “Titanic is one of all the movie songs.A, the most beautiful B. most beautiful C, a beautiful D. much more beautiful 11 .The
5、little baby looks.A, lovely B, carefully C, heavily D, sadly 12.Her cousin can draw an artist.A, as well as B. not so well as C, as better as D. as good as l3.Jinmao Tower is building in Shanghai.A, high B, tall C, highest D, the tallest14.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but its than wc n
6、eed.A. far more B. very much C, far less D, very little15.Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second in Shanghai.A, large B. larger C, largest D, very large三.语法填空：【Radio, telephone and television arc wide) used in the world. When you(turn) the radio, you can listen. But when you use the teleph
7、one, not only you can listen to others you cantalk with them. , you(can) see anything at all. Television is much(good) than both of them. People can watch TV and listen to it. But they cant take part in what they see. Today some people are(use) a kind of telephone called the picture phone or vision
8、phone, with it two people who are talking can see each other.Picture phone can be very(use) when you have something to show the person you call. They may have other uses in the future. Some day you may be able to ring up a library ask to read abook right over your picture phone. You may also be able
9、 to go shopping through it. When you see something in the newspaper that you think you want to buy, you may go to your picture phone and call the shop. The shop assistant will show you the thing that youre(interest) in right over the phone. Youll be able to shop all over the town and never leave you
10、r home.跟踪练习：一 .略二 .1 .younger than 2,different from 3.is the healthier 4,any other girl 5.as as more popular 三.1-5DCBDC6-10CBADB典例精析：.1-5BCDBD6-10CCBAD II-15BCDBA二.1-5ABABB6-10BDCAC能力提升：一 .填空：1. excitedly 2.stranger 3.healthier 4.frozen 5.dishonest 6.living 7.Canadian 8.harmful9.changeable 10.worse
11、11.further 12.unnecessary 13.educational 14.automatically 15.enjoyable二,单项选择：I-5BDACC 6-1OCACCA 11-15AADCC三.语法填空：略二、副词:用来说明事情发生时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的 词叫做副词?1、副词的分类：（见表格）2、副词在句子中的位置以及作用：时间副词yesterday/today/tomorrow/now/first/then/next/after that/earl y/late/soon.频度副词always/usually/often/sometim
12、es/seldom/never/once/twice/three times.地点、方位副词here/there/above/under/below/beside/between/near/inside/outside.程度副词very/quiet/enough/rather/much/nearly/only/almost/hardly/a little/a few.方式副词badly/wcll/slowly/quickly/happily/angrily/carclessly/succcssfully疑问、连接副词How/Where/When/Why/Whether/However其他副词t
13、oo/either/also/nor.neither/so/maybe/perhaps/certainly.（田胴可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，也可放句首修饰整个句子，一、副词的位置1）在动词之前。2）在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。二、副词的排列顺序：1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或bui等连词连接。Eg:Please write slowly and carefully.请写得慢一些，仔细一些3）多个不同副词排到：程度副词+地点副词+方式副词+时间副词,三、形容词变成副词变化规律：1
14、.由形容词+ly 构成副词：Eg:slow-slowlybeautiful-beautifully strong-strongly.以辅音字母加 Ie 的词，去 e 加 y: Eg:terrible-terribly gentle-gently注意：以心结尾的形容词：friendly/lovely/likely/weekly/daily/lively/ugly注意区别以下几组词：hard努力地、困难的late玩，迟wide宽阔的、宽阔地hardly几乎不lately近来widely广泛地high高的,高地highly高度地，非常地high高的,高地highly高度地，非常地deep深的、深地r
15、 near邻近deeply抽象意义的“深深地”I nearly几乎 close近的closely仔细地注意“动词+副词”的宾语如果是代词，则代词放在动词与副词之间，如果宾语是名词则可以放 中间，也可放后面。Eg:Hc wrote down the word.(the word 是名词)He wrote.it down.(it 是代词)类似的有：DUt it/them on take it/them off turn it/them on/off hand it/them in四、形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化
16、和 不规则变化两种。2、规则变化：(1)一般情况下，在形容词/副词词尾加 er: talltallertallestfastfasterfastest(2)在以 e 结尾的形容词/副词末尾加 r:nicenicer-nicestbrave-braver-bravest(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词/副词先变y为i,再加er:happy-happierhappiestnoisy-noisier-noisestdirty-dirtier-dirtiest(4)少部分简短的形容词需双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er:fat-fatter-fattestthin-thinnerithinnestbigbi
17、gger-biggest- hothotterihottestred-redderreddestwetwetter-wettestsadsadder一saddest多音节形容词的比较级和最高级在前面加more和most:(注意：副词的最高级可以省略the)Eg: Intcrcsting-morc intcrcsting-thc most interestingbeautiful-more beautiful-the most beautifulexcitingmore exciting-the most exciting .3、不规则变化：原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestwellb
18、ad, badlyworseworstillmanymoremostmuchlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest4、形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法：级别比较程度表达方式和意义例句原级同 等 程 度肯定形式as+原级+as（像一样）Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can.否定形式not + so (as) + 原级+as (不如那样)English is nm so difficull as science.She does not think swimmi
19、ng is as interesting as hiking.比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than （比）Jim is older ihan Luky.I like pork better than beef.程度加深比较级+and+比较级 （越来越） The +比较级，the +比较 级 （越，越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The mnoe books she reads, the better she understand.最高最高程度（用于三者或三者以The + 最高级+of (in
20、)(最)Spring is the best season of the year. Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.级上）5 .比较级前可用much/a lot/far（ 得多），a little （稍微），even （甚至）等表示程度6、形容词比较级与最高级的常用句型：（1 ）His bike is newer than hers.（见到 than 必须用比较级）（2）Jim is the tallest in our class.（在班集等集体内用介词in来表示比较的范围）（3） Jim is the tallest of all （the st
21、udens）.（见到 of all 要用最高级）=Of al） the students, Jim is the tallest.（4） Jim is the tallest of the thren.（见至ij of the three/four/five.要用最高级）（5）Which is bigger, a tiger or a monkey ?（两者比用比较级，注意 or 表选择）（6）Which is the biggest, a tiger, a dog or a monkey ?（三者或三者以上比）（7）This ruler is short, Please give me a
22、longer one.（根据句意理解）（8）Id like the biRRer of the two cakes.（特殊句型.of the two.必须用比较级）（9）Tom is two vears older than I.（数字放在比较级的前面）（iO）Tom is twice as old as I.（倍数放在比较级前面，句型as+形容词原级+as）率跟踪练习-.写出下列单词的比较级：【】l.tall 2,quiet 3.funny 4. heavy5.thin 6.big 7.outgoing 8.wi Id9.1ittlc I O.good 11 .bad 12. many二.同
23、义句：【】1 .He is 14 years old. His friend is 12 years old.His friend is he.2 .Our bikes are not the same as theirs.Our bikes aretheirs.3 .He is healthier than his friend.He of the two.4 .The gid is smarter than her classmates.The girl is smarter than in her class.5 .He is less popular than her.He is no
24、t popular her. She is than him.三.综合练习：1. Our class teacher looks than she is.A.much youngB.more young C.more younger D.much youngerComputers can work out difficult problems quickly than human beings.A.very moreB.more farC.far moreD.veryUncle Wang is man that he always helps others.A.such friend ofB.
25、such a friendlyC.such friendly aD.such friendlyDo you know things on the earth arc they arc on the moon?C.more heavier than D.much heavier thanC.hardly;hardD.hard;hardlyB.the most famous inventorD.lhe more famous inventorA.so heavy asB.not heavy ascan believe that he works so A.hardly;hardlyB.hard;h
26、ard6. Edison is one of in the world.A.most famous inventorsC.lhe most famous inventorsThis film made all of (he students A.exciting;excitingB.exciting;excitedC.exciled;excilingD.exciled;excitedgetting .B.more and more bettergetting .B.more and more better7. My parents were happy because every day I
27、w A.better and betterC.well and wellD.more and more wellhave spent time on my studies than my brother.A. fewerB. fewestC. leastD.less10. You look today.A.goodB.wellC.more goodD.more well孚、典例精析一.单项选择：【】I. There are in Class Four in Class one.A.students as many; asB.as many students; asC.so many stude
28、nts; as0,students so many; as2. Mary is very tall but Linda is taller.A.stillB.yetC.quiteD.more3. There was no snow that winter.A. nearlyB.almostC.quiteD.hardly4. Doctors were _ needed al that time.A. badB.badlyC.ratherD.quite5. India has the second population in the world.A. largerB.mostC.smallestD
29、. largest6. Mary received _ many postcards at Christmas.A.soB.suchC.tooD.evcn7. The cake smells _ .Please throw it away.A.goodB.badlyC.badD.well8. The dress is very beautiful, but it isdear.A.too muchB.much tooC.manyD.more9. Beijing has many buses that there is often atraffic jam in rush hours.A.soB
30、.vcryC.tooD.much10. This question is _ more difficult than that one.A.ratherB.alsoC.veryD.far11.children there are in family,their life will be.A.The lessithe betterB.Thc fewer;the betterC.Fewer;richerD.More;poorer12. We find it to do some reading every day.A.casilyB.bc enjoyableC.hclpful0.intereste
31、d13. Tome has grown enough to take care of _ A.talkhimB.talkhiinselfC.old;himD.old;himself14. The number of the trees in our school is getting _ A.more and moreB.larger and largerC.iess and less D.higher and higher15. Itsfarwalk home from here. Lets take a taxi.A.too;toA.too;toC.so;thatD.too;too二.历年
32、真题：【()I .The door is not for the elephant to pass.A.wide enough B.widely enough C.enough wide D.enough widely()2.Wc love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell soA.wellB.niceC. wonderfullyD.nicely()3.Can you understand me?一Sorry, I can catch what you said. Could you say it again?A.hardl
33、yB.nearlyC.almostD.really()4. Mike, how are you feeling today?-Much.1 (hink I can go to school tomorrow.A.goodB.bcttcrC.wcllD.bcst( )5.The cake looks.Yes, and it tastes even.A.well,good B.nice,betterC.good,worst D.betler,best( )6.Thc Changjing River is the river in China.A.longB.longestC.shonD.short
34、est( )7.How far is it from your home to your school? It is a quarters walkA.here and thereB.now and thenC.up and downD.morc and less()8.1 think English is math. Yes,I think so.A.much important thanB.so important asC.as important asD.as more important as()9.In the mothers eyes,her son is than any oth
35、er child.A.more lovelyB.most lovelyC.the more lovelyD.thc most lovely()10.Mum.could you buy me a dress like this?一Certainly,we can buy one than this,but this.A. a belter, belter thanB. a worse, as good asC. a cheaper, as good asD. a more important, good as若能力提升词性变换：【】I.On hearing the great news that
36、 Beijing has won the birds of 2008 Olympic Games, The crowds at Tian An Men Square began to chccr. (excite)2.Never give your name, address, telephone number, e-mail address or pictures to a in online chat, (strange)3.1 havent seen you fbr a long time. You look much(health)4.Mum has bought a lot of f
37、ood from the supermarket nearby, (freeze)wont do business with such a(n)man. (honest)6 .The man was still when he was sent to the hospital, (lite).He went to Canada several years ago. Now he is a citizen. (Canada)7 .Drinking too much fruit juice can be to children,s teeth. (harm).We have very weathe
38、r here, especially in the winter, (change)8 .Thc test was so difficult that half of the class made marks than usual, (bad)1 l.A lot of young students from different countries go to Fiance fbr their study. (far)12.We should save expenses. (necessar)O13.Some parents choose presents fbr their children,
39、 (education)I4.1n addition. E-mail can provide (提供)information. (automatic)15.Travelling by train is much cheaper and far more than a trip by air. (enjoy)二.单项选择：【】.Tm shortsighted and I cant see the words on the notice board.A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, good2Jean works hard but she doesnt wor
40、k Mary.A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard as.Th is is book in our library.A. (he most interesting B, most interestingC, the more interesting D, more interesting3 .Do you think maths is important than English?A, very B, as C, more D, quite.They got a Christmas tree and it was ours.A, so tall as B. so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as.Tom failed in the exam. He looked.A, happy B, sadly C, upset D, lovely.A taxi doesnt run asas an underground train.A. fast B. faster C, fastest D. more fast