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1、益阳市2022年高三下学期期末质量检测英语试卷本试卷分四部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1 .考试时量为120分钟，满分为150分。2 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3 .选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净 后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分听力第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What
2、 does Kate plan to do?A. Attend a party. B. Go shopping. C. Stay at home.2. What are the speakers talking about?A. A sweater. B. A fashion show. C.A dress.3. What season is it probably now?A. Spring. B. Winter. C. Summer.4. Why does the man choose this cafe?A. The music is beautiful. B. Its a good p
3、lace to talk. C. The coffee is delicious.5. How often does the woman usually exercise?A. Once a day. B. Twice a day. C. Four times a week.第二节（共15小题海小题1.5分，满分225分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答6、7题。6. When will Dr
4、. Gupta be available in the morning?A. On April 13th. B. On April 16th. C. On April 20th.7. Why does the woman ask the man to come earlier?A. Sounds Can Help Bats and Owls EscapeClever Insects Learn Skills from Each OtherB. Some Animals Can Learn from Their EnemiesBats Make Sounds like Wasps to Esca
5、pe Owls【答案】12. B 13. B 14. D 15. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种能够模仿黄蜂的嗡嗡声来吓走天敌的蝙蝠以及对此科学 家们的不同的观点。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“But most recorded examples of the phenomena arc visual. For instance, the king snakes have evolved to look like a poisonous species.（但大多数记录的现象都是视觉:的。例如，王蛇已经进化 得看起来像一个有毒的物种）”可知，作者提到王蛇的目的是证
6、实动物为躲避天敌，学会了在视觉上模仿有害 物种的这种现象。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“they produced sounds justlike wasps（它们发出的声音就像黄蜂一样）”可知，大耳 朵蝙蝠的天赋是模仿黄蜂的嗡嗡声。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段This indicated that the owls had previously been stung by the wasps and knew to clear away when they heard the buzzing.（这表明，猫头鹰之前被黄蜂蛰过，听到嗡嗡声后就逃之夭夭）”可知，
7、 实验结果表明，野生猫头鹰害怕蜜蜂的嗡嗡声，是因为它们曾经受到过蜂群的攻击或叮咬。故选D。 【15题详解】标题判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Now, fbr the first time, researchers have uncovered a kind of bat that has developed this trick related to sound to scare away enemies.（现在，研究人员第一次发现了一种蝙蝠，它已经进 化出了这种与声音有关的技巧来吓跑敌人）”和全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种能够模仿黄蜂的嗡嗡声来吓 走天敌的蝙蝠，以及科学家们对此的不同的观点。由此
8、判断D选项“蝙蝠发出像黄蜂一样的声音来逃避猫 头鹰”最适合作为文章标题。故选D 第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。A food allergy （过敏）is a medical condition that occurs when the bodys protection system perceives certain foods as a threat and responds to them with an allergic reaction.Symptoms （症状）of a food allergy16 However, a
9、severe reaction can take up to a few hours following exposure. Symptoms can range from mild to severe. And they may differ each time a specific allergen appears. Symptoms can include: a skin rash or hives, swelling of the face or lips, or feeling lightheaded or dizzy. 17 That can send the body into
10、shock or make it difficult to breathe.Judging a food allergyDoctors consider a number of factors when investigating a food allergy. Those include both a patients symptoms and family history of allergies. A physical examination may be perfbnned to rule out any other conditions. gTreating a food aller
11、gyIt may not be possible fbr a patient to completely avoid foods that induce （导致）an allergic reaction. For minor reactions, you can take some medicine. For severe reactions, however, turn to doctors fbr help.19The only sure way to prevent an allergic reaction to food is to carefully avoid the allerg
12、ens. This can be a difficult process. That requires patients to carefully study food labels to ensure the food is safe fbr them.20 So its necessary to inform family or friends of the food that can cause a food allergy.A. Avoiding harm from allergy.B. Preventing an allergic reaction.C. Not everyone k
13、nows what a food allergy is.D. But many people don?t know the allergens.E. Other tests can include blood test or oral food challenge.F. An allergic reaction to food usually occurs within minutes.G. For some people, certain allergens can bring a severe reaction.【答案】16. F 17. G 18. E 19. B 20. D【解析】【导
14、语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是食物过敏、过敏的症状以及如何预防食物过敏。【16题详解】根据下文“However, a severe reaction can take up to a few hours following exposure.（然而，严重的反应可能会 持续几个小时）”可知，设空处应该介绍食物过敏症状出现的时间，故F项”对食物的过敏反应通常在几分 钟内就会发生。”能够承接上文。故选F项。【17题详解】根据上文 u Symptoms can include: a skin rash or hives, swelling of the face or lips, or f
15、eeling lightheaded or dizzy. （症状包括：皮疹或苧麻疹，面部或嘴唇肿胀，或感觉头晕或头晕）”及下文“That can send the body into shock or make it difficult to breathe.（这会使身体休克或呼吸困难）”可知，前句介绍各种过敏症状，后句提到过敏的 严重反应。故G选项“对某些人来说，某些过敏原会引起严重的反应。”能够承上启下。故选G项。【18题详解】根据上文 “ A physical examination may be perfonned to rule out any other conditions.（体
16、检可以排除任何其他 情况）”可知，前句介绍通过体检来判断是否食物过敏，因此E选项可以承接上文说明其它测试的内容。故 E选项“其他测试包括血液测试或口服食物挑战。”切题。信息词Other tests”和“examination”呼应。 故选E项。【19题详解】根据下文 “The only sure way to prevent an allergic reaction to food is to carefully avoid the allergens.（预防食物 过敏反应的唯一可靠方法就是小心地避开过敏原）”可知,本段主要介绍了如何避免食物过敏。故B选项“预 防过敏反应。”适合作本段主题句。
17、故选B项。20题详解】根据下文So its necessary to inform family or friends of the food that can cause a food allergy .（所以有必要告 知家人或朋友哪些食物会导致食物过敏）”可知，很多人不知道过敏原是什么。故D选项“但是很多人不知 道过敏原是什么。”符合此处语境。故选D项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Graduation Day is a memorable experienc
18、e for all who participate. Families and friends 21 to celebrate the accomplishment, and students are 22 about what the future holds and nearly cant wait to hug tomorrow. But when duty callsit doesn,t matter what 23 it is, you answer the call.Six Long Island High School students recently graduated, b
19、ut theyll 24 more than getting their graduation certificate. As they were taking photos excitedly after the ceremony, they25-to a garage fire.Often during an 26、one never knows what they arc heading into. In this case, the students27 responding to a structure fire at one of their fellow graduates* h
20、ome. 28、the fire was put outquickly.The six students who controlled the fire have been 29 fbr this type of scene fbr years since they became junior volunteer 30. But this was the first time they had got involved.All arc gratefiil fbr the students,3j and wish them well.The students admitted the night
21、 before that they 32 about what would happen if a fire occun ed ontheir graduation day. The punchline （笑点）：it actually 33. And they handled it very well.Their graduation day didnt end in the 34 way, but it will still be one to remember according toRyan, one of the heroes. He said, “Wc definitely rem
22、ember it as a 35 memory.”21. A. agreeB. gatherC. promiseD. combine22. A. excitedB. seriousC. worriedD. cautious23. A. experienceB. difficultyC. occasionD. campaign24. A. expectB. doC. rememberD. admit25. A. keptB. ledC. contributedD. responded26. A. assessmentB. explosionC. interactionD. emergency27
23、. A. ended upB. went onC. felt likeD. adapted to28. A. ObviouslyB. NaturallyC. FortunatelyD. Accordingly29. A. trainingB. standingC. applyingD. calling30. A. organizersB. soldiersC. laborersD. firefighters31. A. giftsB. actionsC. companyD. warning32. A. jokedB. heardC. quarrelledD. complained33. A.
24、stayedB.happenedC. fellD. existed34. A. rightB. uniqueC. traditionalD. innovative35. A. terribleB. distantC. virtualD.cool【答案】21. B 22. A23.C 24.C25. D 26. D 27. A28. C 29. A 30. D 31B 32. A 33. B34. C 35. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了几个接受过培训的高中生初级消防员在参加毕业典礼时接到 火警电话，迅速做出反应，成功灭火的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：家人和
25、朋友聚在一起庆祝这一成就，学生们对未来感到兴奋，几乎迫不及待地 想要拥抱明天。A. agree同意，赞成：B. gather聚集，召集；C. promise承诺，保证；D. combine结合，组 合。根据上文“Gradualion Day”和句中“lo celebrate the accomplishment”可推知，毕业日那天，学生的朋 友和家人会聚集到一起来参加毕业典礼。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：家人和朋友聚在一起庆祝这一成就，学生们对未来感到兴奋，几乎迫不及待 地想要拥抱明天。A. excited激动的，兴奋的；B. serious严重.的，危急的；C. worr
26、ied担心的，发愁的；D. cautious 小心的，谨慎的。根据下文“can、wait to hug tomorrow”可知，他们在毕业时会非常兴奋，对未来充满了 期待。故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当使命召唤你时不管是什么场合，你都要响应。A. experience经历；B. difficulty难题，困难；C. occasion时刻，场合；D. campaign活动，运动。根据下文可知作为志愿消防员的 学生正在参加毕业典礼时发生了火灾，所以此处是指不管是什么场合，当使命在召唤时，他们都要响应号 召。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：六名长岛高中的学生最近毕业
27、了，但他们记住的不仅仅是拿到毕业证。A. expect 期待；预计；B. do 做，干：C. remember 回想起，记得：D. admit 承认。根下 “ Wc definitely remember it as a 15 memory.”以及语境可知，这几个学生记住的不仅仅是他们的毕业证，还有他们的经历。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们在仪式结束后兴奋地拍照时，他们对一场车库火灾做出了反应。A. kept 保持；B. led 领导；C. contributed 有助于，贡献；D. responded 回答，回报。根据上文“you answer the call” 以及
28、下文 “In this case, the students7 responding to a structure fire at one of their fellowgraduates，home. ”可知，他们对火警做出了回应。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常在紧急情况下，人们永远不知道他们将面对什么。A. assessment评估，评 价；B. explosion爆破，爆炸；C. interaction互动，交流；D. emergency突发事件，紧急情况。根据上文“a garage fire”可知，此处是指消防员所遇到的紧急情况。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析
29、。句意：在这种情况下，学生们最终在他们的一个毕业生的家中对一场建筑火灾做出了 反应。A. ended up结束,告终;B. went on继续;C. felt like想（做某事）;D. adapted to适合,适应于。在 紧急情况下，一般人们不会知道他们奔赴的情况如何，可是在这次情况中，他们结果遇到的是一名毕也生 家中着火的状况。end up doing意为“结果是。故选A。28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，火很快就被扑灭了。A. Obviously显然，显而易见；B. Naturally自然 地，天然地；C. Fortunately 幸运地；D. Accordingly 相应
30、地,照着。根据下文“the fire was put out quickly.” 可知，大火很快被扑灭了，这一点是比较幸运的。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：控制火势的6名学生自从成为初级志愿消防员以来，多年来一直在为这种场景进行训练。A. training 锻炼，培养；B. standing 站立;C. applying 应用;D. calling 给取名。“But this wasthe first time they had got involved. ”可知，这几个学生消防员一直在训练，但这是第一次真正参与救火。故 选Ao【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：控制火势的6
31、名学生自从成为初级忐愿消防员以来，多年来一直在为这种场景 进行训练。A. organizers主办单位,组织者；B. soldiers士兵;C. laborers劳动者；D. firefighters消防员。根 据故事内容可知，他们参与救火，所以他们应该是志愿消防员。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所有人都对学生们的行为表示感谢，并祝他们一切顺利。A. gifts礼品；B. actions 行动；C. company 公司：D. warning 警示。根据常识以上 “the students 7 responding to astructure fireM以及“the fire
32、was put out quickly ”可知,所有人都感激学生们的行动。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生们承认，他们在前一天晚上开玩笑说，如果毕业那天发生火灾会发生什么。A. joked说笑话,开玩笑；B. heard听到；A quarrelled吵架;D. complained报怨。结合常识可知,他们不 可能在前一天晚上就知道第二天会发生的事情，所以如果毕业那天发生火灾”是他们的玩笑。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：笑点是：它真的发生了。他们处理得很好。A. stayed停留；B. happened发生；C. fell跌落；D. existed存在。根据故事
33、内容可知，而他们开玩笑的事竟然真地发生了。故选 【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的毕业日并没有以传统的方式结束，但据其中一位英雄瑞恩说，这仍然 是一个值得记住的日子。A. right正确的；B. unique独一无二的，独特的；C. traditional传统的；D. innovative 革新的，新颖的。在参加毕业典礼时，学生们去救火，由此可推知，他们的毕业H可能不会像传统的毕业 典礼那样结束。故选C。【35题详解】考杳形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我们绝对记得这是一段很酷的回忆”。A. terrible糟糕的：B. distant 遥远的；C. virtual 虚拟的；D. c
34、ool 酷的。根据上 “but it will still be one to remember according to Ryan” 以及 故事内容可知，Ryan会把这件事情当作很酷的回忆而永记在心。故选D。第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinese archeologists have successfully unearthed an animal bronze statue at the Sanxingdui Ruins in Southwest Chinas Sichuan Province. 36
35、(weigh) more than 300 grams, the mythical beast is about one meter tall and one meter long and it is also the largest animal bronze statue ever 37 (see).The bronze statue looks like a mythical beast 38 a large mouth, slim waist and four feet. Of note, a human figure wearing a long coat stands 39(exa
36、ct) on the head of the beast. Researchers think that it mayshow that the person is riding or controlling the beast.Zhao Hao, the researcher in charge, explains that since the excavation of the Sanxingdui Ruins first started in 1986, all the animal statues 40 (be) small, around 20-30 centimeters long
37、, but the 41(discover)of the new bronze statue sets a new record, and as of now, is42 only large-sized animal statue.The chest of the beast also sports the image of a tree. suggestion 止匕夕卜：whats morebesides 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句原句： Knowing you are good at photo taking, I turn to you fbr some advice.拓展句：Bec
38、ause I know you are good at photo taking, I turn to you fbr some advice.【点睛 J【高分句型 1 There will be a photographic exhibition to be held in our school which I want to take part in.（运用了 which引导的定语从句）【高分句型 2 】To begin with, I wonder what kind of photos I should take, because I think a photo with a good
39、 theme means a lot.（运用了 what引导的宾语从句和because引导的状语从句） 第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。You can always believe patience and perseverance （毅力）are always rewarded whatever you do. This was a lesson Eli learned. Eli is my sevcn-ycar-old grandson. I always teach him things I think he shoul
40、d know, and he tries to teach me to play some of the games that 1 have fbr him on my iPad. He is very patient and persistent, but so far no success with that. Its all just foreign to me.The other day, Eli and his dad came fbr a visit. I could tell something was bothering him and asked him what was wrong. At first, he just shrugged and said nothing was wrong. But his body language told me a different story.I asked again-pushing a little. Eli said t