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1、完形填空高考英语完形填空趋势l从近几年全国高考的完形填空来看,已经不再考核学生语法方面的知识了,而是从语义搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配及逻辑知识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择,必须在理解整篇文章的基础上,才能作出正确的判断。高考英语完形填空命题特点1.短文长度280词左右,生词少,难度适中。2.首句无空格,提供语境。5-10词设一空。人名、地名、日期、数字不在之列。隔词数越少,题目越难;反之亦然。3.选项多为一词,偶尔为词组。四选项为同一类词或属同一范畴,或近义或形异义,或与前后配成词组。故干扰性、迷性大。高考英语完形填空命题特点4.考查单词以实词(v.,n.,adj.,adv
2、,pron.)为主,虚词(conj.,prep.)为辅。实词一般占80%-90%,其中又以动、名、形为主。5.以考查学生对文章的整体理解和词汇的意义把握为主。有些要结合常识才能正确选项;有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基础上,正确把握上下文的逻辑关系,才能正确判断和选择。选项设置词汇类别比例(江苏):选项设置词汇类别比例(江苏):年份年份动词动词 副词副词名词名词代词代词形容形容词词连词连词介词介词l2008年考点分布如下:动词37,40,42,43,47,48,50,51,54,55名词36,38,39,41,44,45形容词46副词49连词53代词52语篇分析语篇分析 l完形填空是原版材料改编,特
3、别重视上下文逻辑推理能力。在20题当中,着重考查动词(10题)和名词(6题)。文章的选项非常巧妙,除了要求对语境要有充分的把握之外,对词汇的比较也有很细致的要求。如第41题,考查名词purpose、decision、promise、goal在语境中的辨析。46题较难,一定要理解Glennie这时实际上还没有成名,所以不可能有dissatisfied(不满意的)、astonished(惊讶的)、discouraged(气馁的)这些感觉。学生的主要问题l1.不善于抓文章的主旨,导致在理解上出现偏差,甚至于文章的中心意思相悖。l2.容易受定势思维的干扰。有些学生一看到自己比较熟悉的语法结构、句子、短
4、语,便l不假思索地去选,忽视了对特定语境的理解,最终导致思维定势错误。l3.对完形填空怀有厌倦、恐惧心理,做题时往往处于疲于应付的心态,解题能力得不到l充分发挥。完形填空解题策略l1.充分利用首句作为解题的突破口l完形填空的首句往往是完整的,不设空的。而首句又常常是全文的中心句,因此,应充分重视完形填空的首句,通过它大致把握全文的大意和作者的意图,利用它作为解题的突破口。依据首句的提示,捕捉文中关键信息,通览全文,了解文章的题材、体裁、结构、背景、内容大意、前因后果、情节发展、论点论据等基本信息。同时,可以对有些空格要填的词做试探性猜测,为下一步选择最佳选项作好准备。完形填空解题策略l例如:T
5、hemanwasinragswhenhecameintothetailorsshop.Theassistantl_1_himandselectedhim_2_suitthattheyhad.Hesaidthathedidnthavelanysmallchangeonhim.l1.A.lookedforB.lookeddownuponC.lookeduptoD.lookedhereandtherel2.A.themostexpensiveB.thenewestC.thecheapestD.thelargest完形填空解题策略l解析:文章一开头就出现了对人物的描述“inrags”,这个描述就是文段
6、的关键词。l开篇说到衣衫褴褛,后文又没有出现转折,由此,我们可以判断1空可以确定为B项;仍然由他的衣着,可推断售货员会挑最便宜的衣服给他,故2空选C。完形填空解题策略l2.根据上下文的逻辑意义确定答案l文章是一个具有内在联系的整体,而上下文则是营造语境的基础,也是逻辑推理的依据。l通读全文,理顺大意,根据上下文找出信息词,是做好完形填空的技巧之一。完形填空的命题设计上正朝着深层化和语境化方向发展,逐渐淡化单纯的语言分析考查,而越来越侧重逻辑推理判断的考查。词语在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法从字面或一个或几个句子的表面理解传达出来。这就大大增加了干扰项的迷惑性,从而提高了试题难度。因此,要
7、想l解决这类题目,只有借助上下文乃至全文语境的提示。完形填空解题策略l例如:Manyoldpeopledonthavegood_.TheycantwatchTVbuttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.lA.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.timel解析:从“canlisten”可排除A,从“cantwatch”可知选C.完形填空解题策略l3.从词汇的意义和用法方面考虑l做好完形填空题须具备较大词汇量,并结合上下文确定词义。完形填空在命题过程中,淡化基础句型结构、语法规则和短语搭配,侧重词汇的活用。应该加强对词合乎情景需求的判断的
8、训练,加深对基本词汇的感受能力和应用能力,提高解完形填空题技能。完形填空解题策略l例如:Ifhecontinuestosteal,heismost_toendupinprison.lA.possibleB.probablyC.likelyD.perhapsl解析:此题主要是考查同义词的用法,根据它们用法上的差异,只能选C.完形填空解题策略l4.积累习惯用法和固定搭配l完形填空题中考查习惯搭配和固定用法的题目也占有一定比重,这就要求平时记忆和积l累,做到脱口而出。这类题属于较容易的题,一般在初选时就能确定。完形填空解题策略l5.依据作者的态度和观点l作者写一篇文章必有他的意图和目的,作者在表达情
9、感时总是选择特定的词汇,因此文l章字里行间不可避免地渗透了作者的情感。做完形填空时,应该留心捕捉作者的情感信息。完形填空解题策略l例如:EllaFantwasamiddle-agedladywholivedwithheronlysonJohninasmallhouse.She_1_Johnverymuch.Inher_2_hecouldntdoanything_3_.lEverymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast_4_bedandbringhimthepapersto_5_.l1.A.dependedonB.waitedonC.trustedD.lovedl2.A.
10、hopeB.eyesC.headD.beliefl3.A.wrongB.greatC.goodD.strangel4.A.toB.atC.inD.byl5.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign完形填空解题策略l解析:通读这段文字,了解到在作者看来,这位母亲对儿子十分溺爱,认为他不会做坏l事。并用具体事例来说明这种溺爱:早晨把饭端到儿子床上,并拿报纸给他读。理清了这些,l这几个空就很容易选了。1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B完形填空解题策略l6.注意分析句子结构l例如:_1_thewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket,_2_turnedov
11、ertothepoliceman?Shouldtheextrachargereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?l1.A.ShouldB.MostC.WouldD.Needl2A.andB.orC.thenD.butl解析:两个句子一对比,很容易发现他们结构的一致,于是选项也就明了了。l1.A2.B完形填空解题策略l7.依据生活经验和常识l有些空涉及到我们应该具备的常识,是否合乎情理是我们选择的依据。l例如:Immediately,theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedto_hospital.lA.animalB
12、.biggestC.nearestD.plantl解析:C.由“immediately”可知情况紧急,到最近的医院当属情理之中了。完形填空解题分类实例分析一.按词类分:1.实词2.虚词3.词组完形填空解题分类实例分析l二.按形式分:l1.单纯性选择l2.常识性选择l3.近义词选择4.近形词选择5.惯用法选择完形填空解题分类实例分析三.按句义选择四.按语义选择按词类分:1.实词例1:Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy._1_,illnessoraccidentsmayoccurwithout_2_.1.a.Obviouslyb.Unfortunatelyc.Natu
13、rallyd.Occasionally2.a.reasonb.informationc.warningd.notice按词类分:1.实词例2:Overthelastfewyearsmanufacturershavebeen_1_reducingthesizeandweightofvideo-cassetterecorderstomaketheequipmentmore_2_.1.a.steadilyb.constantlyc.frequentlyd.essentially2.a.valuableb.portable(轻便的)c.selectived.economical按词类分:1.实词例3:
14、About120,000people_1_tothecityeveryyear.Theycomeforthefew_2_jobs,whichareusuallynobetterthan_3_theyleft.1.a.changeb.arrivec.drived.move2.a.possibleb.popularc.available(可用的)d.convenient3.a.oneb.theonec.onesd.theones按词类分:2.虚词例4:_1_youhavechosenanarticletoread,youwillfindtheimportantgeneralinformation_
15、2_thekeyfactsinthefirstfewparagraphs.1.a.Whileb.Oncec.Assoonasd.Whenever2.a.withb.byc.ford.at按词类分:2.虚词例5:WhenIhavefreetime,Igo_1_alongwalk.SomepeoplereadbooksorwatchTV_2_othershavesports.1.a.tob.forc.ond.with2a.andb.butc.yetd.while按词类分:2.虚词l例6:lTheaudiencewaited_1_silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearche
16、damonghisnotes_2_thefigureshecouldnotremember.l1.a.forb.inc.atd.duringl2.a.forb.ofc.aboutd.on按词类分:3.词组l例7:Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming_1_.Sohe_2_intothatplace.1.a.afterallb.inallc.atalld.forall2.a.needntgob.neednthavegonec.shouldnttgod.shouldnthavegone例8:(词组)We_1_aboutwhenmanfirstbeganto
17、usesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughoutthehistory._2_,itisrecordedinmanybooksthatpeoplewholivedover3000yearsagoatesaltedfish.ThousandsofyearsagoinEgypt,salt_3_thedead.1.a.haveallknownb.havenoideac.haventanyideasd.haveanidea2.a.Forexampleb.Suchasc.Firstofalld.Aboveall3.a.use
18、dtopreserveb.gotusedtopreservingc.usedtopreservingd.wasusedtopreservel例9:(词组)TheEnglishlanguageservesabout250millionpeople,oraboutonetenthoftheworldspopulation,asamothertongue,_1_,itismoreorlesscorrectlyusedby_2_100million,moreasasecondarylanguage,ranging_3_fromthePidginEnglish(混合语言)oftheIslandsofMe
19、lanesiatothealmostperfectspeechofculturedforeigners.1.a.Howeverb.Asaresultc.inadditiontod.Inaddition2.a.atleastb.atmostc.mostandleastd.morethanenough3.a.allthewayb.bythewayc.onthewayd.intheway按形式分:1.单纯性选择l例10:_1_methodshavebeenusedto_2_theintelligenceofeverychild-dull,bright,ornormal.1.a.Valuableb.V
20、ariousc.Uniqued.Unusual2.a.measureb.describec.illustrated.recognize按形式分:1.单纯性选择l例11:Thetouristpaid700poundsforthepainting,buthe_1_thathedidntknowits_2_worth.1.a.promisedb.claimedc.admittedd.permitted2.a.practicalb.additionalc.adequated.actual按形式分:1.单纯性选择l例12:_1_,noonewashurtintheaccident,butsomepass
21、engerssufferedfrom_2_.1.a.Obviouslyb.Surprisinglyc.Fortunatelyd.Unfortunately2.a.distressb.shockc.failured.trouble按形式分:1.单纯性选择l例13:Beingmuchtoofat,Stellawasadvisedto_1_herfoodforeachmeal,yet,shewouldhave_2_ofthat.1.a.relaxb.reducec.relieved.remove2.a.nob.notc.noned.nothing按形式分:1.单纯性选择l例14:Atanearlya
22、getheyouthwilldevelophis_1_,andthekindofhomelifehehaswillgreatly_2_thedevelopment.1.a.hobbyb.personalityc.intelligenced.knowledge2.a.increaseb.enhance(增强)c.encouraged.influence(影响)按形式分:2.常识性选择l例15:EveryonehasseentheOlympicGamesatsometime-eitherinMontreal,Barcelona.andeveryoneknowsthat_1_startedtheGa
23、mes.Butmostpeopledontknowtherealstory.1.a.Greeksb.Frenchc.Americansd.English按形式分:2.常识性选择l例16:Therearetwenty-sevenbridgesovertheThames.TowerBridge,thefirstbridgeovertheThamesasyoutraveltoward_1_fromthesea,isthemostfamousofthemall.1.a.Europeb.Americac.Londond.China按形式分:2.常识性选择l例17:Oneofthemostfamousst
24、atuesintheworldstandsonanislandinNewYorkHarbor.Thisstatueis,ofcourse,theStatueoflibertyTheStatueoflibertyisa(an)_1_whoholdsa_2_uphigh.1.a.manb.womanc.childd.old2.a.caneb.candlec.torchd.lamp按形式分:2.近义词选择l例18:Heusedtohavea_1_ofcoin-collection,buthehasgivenitup.1.a.customb.habitc.hobbyd.like按形式分:2.近义词选择
25、l例19:lAmericanschoolchildrencanbeseeneveryday_whitesneakers,bluesneakers,blacksneakersandevenredones.1.a.puttingonb.havingonc.wearingd.dressing按形式分:2.近义词选择l例20:lThewoundedsoldierwasunconsciousbutstill_1_whentakentothehospital.1.a.livingb.alivec.lived.lively按形式分:2.近义词选择l例21:Whilesomepeoplethinkthatsu
26、garisthebest_1_of_2_,othersbelievethatsugarisbadforhumanhealth.1.a.originb.sourcec.resourced.cause2.a.powerb.energyc.forced.strength按形式分:2.近形词选择l例23:$500,000,000isasmallamountofmoney_1_thesizeofthemarket.1.a.consideredb.considerationc.considerabled.considering按形式分:2.近形词选择l例24:Itswonderfulforthefactt
27、hattheChineseteamwonanunexpectedgold_1_inSydney,12morethanitspreviousbest.1.a.metalsb.medalsc.modelsd.modals按形式分:2.惯用法选择l例25:Itsuddenly_1_methatifwewanttogoonapicnictomorrowwehadbetterdosomepreparationsthisevening.1.a.hitonb.struckc.occurredd.drew按形式分:2.惯用法选择l例26:Safeoperationmeansthatboththeoperato
28、rsandtheequipmentare_1_fromharm.1.a.keptb.freedc.preventedd.hidden按形式分:2.惯用法选择l例27:Wewerealmostexhaustedbeforewefinally_1_sightofthedilapidatedtemplewhichwassaidtobeoneoftheremains_2_backtothefifteencenturyB.C.1.a.heldb.caughtc.gotd.took2.a.datingb.tracedc.goingd.returned按句义分:l例29:Itwasaftermidnight
29、,andIwasonmywayhome.Thefootstepsthat_1_methroughthedarkstreetintheEastEndofLondonwere_2_oftwoyoungmenwhowereobviously_3_nogood.1.a.stoopedb.pursued(追求)c.followedd.traced2.a.thoseb.thatc.onesd.one3.a.ofb.forc.uptod.onto按句义分:l例30:Nearlythree-quartersoftheearthiscovered_1_water.Waterheatsupmoreslowlyth
30、anland,_2_onceithasbecomewarmittakeslongertofall_3_.1.a.onb.withc.ind.by2.a.sob.andc.thend.but3.a.downb.upc.apartd.behind按句义分:l例31:lMrs.Whiteaddedlaughinglythat_1_shewassoyoungsheshouldhideherpacketinherpocketin_2_apolicemansawit._3_,thelittlegirldidnotseemtofindthisveryfunny.1.a.asb.forc.whiled.tho
31、ugh2.a.consequenceb.timec.cased.fact3.a.Otherwiseb.Nevertheless(然而)c.Moreoverd.Therefore按句义分:l例32:Strangelyenough,Ioncetriedtogetsick.Ididnttwearasweater_1_Ishould,andIwalkedintherain_2_mybootsandmyfeetgotsoaked._3_sofarnothingwronghashappened.1.a.whileb.providedc.whend.though2.a.withb.inc.byd.witho
32、ut3.a.Butb.Thenc.Therefored.Yet按句义分:l例33:Someparentsaregreatlyworried_1_theirchildrenfailtodowellintheirstudies.They_2_eithergeneticfactorsorlaziness,_3_theynevertakethesenon-intelligencefactorsinto_4_plainc.confused.condemn3.a.neverthelessb.similarlyc.therefored.but4.a.figuresb.considerationc.grant
33、edd.reflection按句义分:l例34:Acreditcardisa_1_ofidentification_2_whichtheownermayobtainconsumercreditforthe_3_ofgoodsorservices_4_thanpaycash.1.a.meanb.meansc.methodsd.ways2.a.byb.inc.throughd.with3.a.productionb.possessionc.purchased.property4.a.betterb.morec.ratherd.right按句义分:l例36:_1_hungry,thepeopleso
34、metimeswouldkilltheanimalsinthelordsforestforfuel;_2_whencold,theymightcutdowntreesforfuel._3_,stronglawswerepassedinan_4_toprotecttheforestsandtheanimals.1.a.Ifb.Whenc.Onced.After2.a.andb.butc.ord.yet3.a.Besidesb.Inadditionc.Sod.However4.a.effectb.effortc.offerd.affordl例37(按语义分)PeopleofBurlingtonar
35、earebeingdisturbedbythesoundofbells.FourstudentsfromBurlingtonCollegeofHighEducationareinthebelltowerofthe_1_andhavemadeuptheirmindsto_2_thebellsnonstopfortwoweeksasaprotestagainstheavytruckswhichrun_3_throughthenarrowHighStreet.1.a.collegeb.villagec.townd.church2.a.changeb.repairc.ringd.shake3.a.no
36、wandthenb.dayandnightc.upanddownd.overandover完形填空训练策略l一、改变单一的完形填空训练模式,创造性地一、改变单一的完形填空训练模式,创造性地高效运用课程资源高效运用课程资源大量的完形训练而忽视有效的分析指导使学生耗时又耗力,甚至错误地认为高考完形填空标准题型是师生唯一的训练方式。其实,这种单一的训练方式易使学生产生疲惫、厌烦甚至强烈的逆反心理。多方位训练有助于提高学生的做题兴趣,真正实现培养学生综合运用有效信息解决实际问题能力目标。完形填空训练策略l(一)提供文中只有10个空格、但不提供备选项的语篇,或者只提供每个空格的首字母,要求学生根据上下文
37、语义填入适当形式的词。训练初期阶段宜选择难度较低的文章,先从培养受训者上下文猜测及预测能力入手,然后再提高文章的长度及难度。完形填空训练策略l(二)创造性地灵活高效使用材料。一篇好的文章经过教师个性化处理之后以不同的版本展现在学生眼前,满足了学生的个体需求。所谓不同版本即在一篇材料的基础上或是改变填充部分,或是给出前句让学生续写下文,或是让学生判断故事的结局,或是猜测故事中人物的心理变化等等。完形填空训练策略l(三)积极开发合理利用丰富的课程资源,如网络媒体资源、英文报刊杂志、影像制品等,指导学生在提高阅读速度的同时多渠道了解目标语国家的文化背景,如风土人情、生活方式、价值观念等。这利于培养学生对完形填空全文的正确理解。