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1、短语动词1.dressupvi盛装打扮，化装打扮盛装打扮，化装打扮Youdonthavetodress up.Comeasyouare.Childrenlovedressing up onHalloween.2.turnup1)vi出现；到场出现；到场Imveryhappyyouturnedupsoearly.2)vt把把(收音机等收音机等)音量开大一些音量开大一些,其反义短语其反义短语是是turndown.Turnuptheradioalittle,asIcanhardlyheartheprogram.3.takeupvt(1)拿起；举起Shetookupapen.(2)占据时间或空间Thi
2、spianotakesuptoomuchspace/room.Readingbookseverydaytakesupmuchofhistime.(3)开始从事某一职业或对某物感兴趣Aftergraduationfromcollege,hetookupmedicineasadoctor.Whendidyoutakeupbasketball?4.lookup(1)向上看viLookup!Thereisaflyontheceiling.（2）vt（在词典、书等中）查找Pleaselookupthenewwordsinthedictionary.5.blowupvt(1)使爆炸Someterroris
3、ts(恐怖分子）blewupthepolicestationlastweek.(2)使充气Thistyreisflat.Youdbetterblowitup.6.makeup(1)化妆vi/vtShespentanhourmaking(herself)upbeforetheparty.（2）编造vtmakeupastory/anexcuse(借口）（3)组成vt11playersmakeupafootballteam.Afootballteamismadeupof11players.（4）弥补vtYoumustmakeupthetimeyouwastedthisafternoonbyworki
4、nglatetonight.7.packupvt把东西打包Hepackeduphisthingsandleft.Wouldyoupleasepackthegiftsupforme?8.putupvt(1)举起；升起putupaflag/yourhand(2)建造或设立putupamemorial(纪念碑）/ashed（小屋）/atent（3）张贴putupanotice/aposter（海报）/somepictures9.setoff(1)vi动身；出发setoffforaplace动身去某地Ifyouwanttocatchthetrain,youdbettersetoff(forthesta
5、tion)immediately.(立即）（2）vt使某物爆炸setofffireworks燃放烟花10.getoff(1)vi/vt（从)离开Iusuallygetoff(work)at5:30.我通常5：30下班。Hegotoffthebus/thetrainjustnow.(2)从移去某物getherringoffherfinger11.takeonvt(1)承担（任务、职责）takeonajob/atask/aduty（2）呈现（特征或面貌）Ourcityhastakenanewlook.（3）聘用Thiscompanydoesnttakeonwomen.12.takeoff(1)起飞
6、viWhenwilltheplanetakeoff?飞机何时起飞？(2)脱下vt反义词为putonPutonyourclothes.Donttakethemoff.(3)(观念、产品等)突然大受欢迎；事业腾飞vi1)Thenewdictionaryhasreallytakenoff.这部新词典极受欢迎。2)ThiswasthemomentwhenSpielbergscareerreallytookoff.这就是斯比尔伯格事业腾飞的契机。(4)(某段时间)休假、请假、休息vt/vi1)Imtakingthenextweekoff.我下周要休假。2)Whenhiswifewassick,hetoo
7、kofffromwork.他妻子生病的时候，他休假了。13.putonvt(1)穿上,戴上Heputonhisbestclothesfortheparty.为参加晚会他穿上了最好的衣服。Thetreeshaveputontheirnewcoatsofgreen.树木披上了新绿。(2)上演,演出;展览TheyaregoingtoputonHamlet.他们将上演哈姆雷特。WearegoingtoputonanexhibitionofculturalrelicsnextTuesday.我们下周二要举办一个文物展览。（3）增加vtHehasputonweightduringthelasttwomon
8、ths.他上两个月里体重增加了。Extrabusesareputonduringrushhours.高峰期间增开公共汽车。14.putoff(1)脱下vtIputoffmysweateraftercomingintotheroom.(2)(2)推迟;延期vtThemeetingwillbeputofftillnextweek.Youmightaswellputthepartyofffortwodays.(3)(3)关闭;熄灭vt(4)Pleaseputoffallthelightsasyouleavetheroom.15.break up (1)The ship broke up on the
9、 rocks.(2)The little boy broke up the radio to see what was wrong with it.(3)The meeting broke up at 11 O clock.Their marriage has broken up.(4)Police came to break up the crowd.强行驱散强行驱散 vt撞毁撞毁 vi拆散拆散 vt结束，破裂结束，破裂 vi16.breakdown(1)毁掉;打破vtThepolicebrokethedoordown.警察破门而入.(2)坏了;出毛病(尤指发动机、机器等)viThecarb
10、rokedownonthewaytotheairport.车子在去机场的路上抛锚了.Theliftbrokedown,sowehadtowalkupthestairs.电梯坏了,我们只好走上楼去.(3)失败(指无结果中断计划、谈判等)viIexpecttheplantobreakdownsoon.我预计划不久就会中断.(4)(身体、精神)垮了Yourhealthwillbreakdownifyouworktoohard.太劳累的话,你身体会垮的.(5)分解(化学上）Watercanbebrokendownintohydrogenandoxygen.水可以分解为氢和氧.17.bringup(1)
11、教育,培养vtHerparentsdiedwhenshewasababyandshewasbroughtupbyheraunt.她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的。(2)提出vtThesearethemattersthatyoucanbringupatthemeeting.这些问题你可在会上提出。18.bringdown使落下/倒下/下降vtCanyougetthemtobringdownthepricealittle?你能使他们把价格降低一些吗？Heaimed,firedandbroughtdowntheantelope.他瞄准羚羊射击，把它打倒了。Thegovernmentisdete
12、rminedtobringdowninflation.政府决心把通货膨胀率降低。19.putout(1)伸出vtItsdangeroustoputoutyourhandnow.(2)熄灭vtPutoutthefirebeforegoingtobed.(3)出版；发表；公布vtMostpeopledidntacceptthetheory（理论）whenitwasfirstputout.20.takeout(1)把带出去vtPleasetakethechildrenout.Theirnoiseismakingmyheadache.（疼痛）（2）拿出；拿出；取出Hetookoutthemoneyan
13、dpaidforthebook.（3）去掉；扣除takeoutloans（贷款）21.makeout(1)理解；明白Itsdifficulttomakeoutwhathesays.(2)看出；辨认出Icouldjustmakeouttheoutline(轮廓)ofthehouse.Shechangedalot.Ittookmealongtimetomakeheroutinthecrowd.（3）填写（表格）；开出（账单、支票）Pleasemakeouttheform.Imadeachequeoutfor300pounds.我开出了一张300英镑的支票。22.workout1.（根据推理或计算）
14、得出;算出vtHowmuchdoIowe（欠）you?Ihaventworkeditoutyet.2.想出；制订出vtWemustworkoutawaytohaveacheapholiday.Theymustworkoutaplanasquicklyaspossible.3.锻炼；训练(非正式用语)Thefamousactorkeepsfitbyworkingoutforanhoureverymorning.4.有好结果viTrynottoworry.Imsureeverythingwillworkoutintheend.5.（情况等的）发展，进行viEverythinghasworkedou
15、taccordingtotheplan.23.takein(1)接收,收留；拘留vtThepoormanhadnowheretolivein,sowetookhimin.Hewastakeninbecausehekilledamanonpurpose.(2)摄取;吸收vtFishtakeinoxygenthroughtheirgills.鱼通过鳃摄取氧。OnweekendstheSmithsusuallydrivetothecountrysideandtakeinthefreshairthere.(3)领会,理解vtBeforeyoutranslateasentence,youshouldfi
16、rsttakeinthemeaningofthewords.Icouldnttakeinwhyyouwereangry.(4)欺骗,蒙蔽vtThesalesmen(推销员)havetakenintheoldpeopleandmadethembuytheirgoods(货物)ofpoorquality.(5)轻信vtDonttakeinhiswordsforhealwaystellsalie.24.cutupvt切开;切碎Cutupthecarrotsbeforeyouputthemintothepot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。25.cutdownvt(1)砍倒Theyarecuttingdo
17、wntrees.Sometreesinourschoolhavebeencutdown.(2)削减Wecutdownourlivingexpenses.生活费用Hiswageswerecutdownbecausehewasoftenlate.他因为常迟到所以被减了薪水。cutdownonsth削减多用在生活习惯和经济方面，显得比较抽象，多用在生活习惯和经济方面，显得比较抽象，后面可以加后面可以加doingHetriedtocutdownonsmokingbutfailed.他试图少抽烟,但没成功。2.缩短Pleasecutdownthearticle.请把文章缩短一些。Wemightcutdo
18、wnthebookto100pages.我们可以把这本书缩短到100页。26.pickupvt.(1)拿起；举起拿起；举起Hepickedupthephoneanddialedthenumber.(2)开车去接某人开车去接某人Illpickyouupatthestation.(3)collectsomething取回；收集取回；收集Illpickmythingsuplater.(4)无意中看到、听到、学会无意中看到、听到、学会IpickedupafewwordsofGreekwhenIwastherelastyear.(5)接收（信号、声音、图像）WeareabletopickuptheBBC
19、WorldService.(6)收拾；整理Pleasepickupyourtoys.(7)廉价地买到Hemanagedtopickupafewbargainsatthesupermarket.(8)感染；得到Shepickedupaterriblecold.Ipickedup30intips(小费小费)today.27.pickoutvt.(1)挑选挑选Shepickedoutabluedress.(2)recognizesborsth辨认出辨认出Shewasabletopickoutherfatherattheairport.28.pickoffvt.(1)去除；剪除去除；剪除Somegar
20、denersarepickingthedeadleavesoffthetrees.(2)（选择目标）射击（选择目标）射击Thereweregunmeninsomeofthebuildingswhopickedoffourmenastheywentpast.29.cutoff:vt1)切断；断绝切断；断绝(联系，水电等的供应联系，水电等的供应)Astormcutoffpowertothewholeregion.暴风雨切断了整个地区电力供应。暴风雨切断了整个地区电力供应。2)切掉；砍掉切掉；砍掉Herlittlefingerwascutoffinanaccidentatthefactory.3)停
21、止；中断停止；中断Wewerecutoffinthemiddleofourconversation.4)cutsb/sthofffromsb/sth使使与外界隔绝与外界隔绝Hewasinhospitalforsixmonths.Hefeltasifhewascutofffromtheoutsideworld.Exercise3ofLearningaboutlanguageS1:Howdidyouhelpyourmotherlastweekend？S2:Ipickedupmyclothesandhungthemup.Ipickedoutthebadfruitfromthebowlsotherestwerereadyforcooking.Icutthefatoffthemeatandthencutitupreadyforstir-frying.ThenIpickedthefruitoffthetreesformymothertoselltheminthecityandbeforeIwentintotheroomfordinnerIcutdowntheoldlotus(莲藕莲藕)plantssowecaneattheroots.Mymotherwasverypleasedwithme.