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1、简单句的五种基本句型与句子成分(1)主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)The weather is very cold.(2)主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)He laughed.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)I like Chinese food.(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)She taught them physics.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)We must keep the room warm.请说出下列句子类型。1.Summer is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showe
2、d me a new TV set.4.She knows what to do.5.The weather is very cold.S+ViS+ViS+V+CS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+IO+DOS+V+OS+V+OS+V+PS+V+P句子的基本成分一一.基基础础知知识识1.句子成分的划分：句子成分的划分：主、主、谓谓、宾宾、定、状、定、状、补补、同位、同位语语、表、表语语Heisastudent.（astudent是表语）是表语）主主谓谓HelikesEnglish.主主谓谓宾宾Thisdictionarylooksbeautifulontheshelf.(this作定语作定语)
3、主主谓谓状状Heisstudyingherenow.主主谓谓状状状状Westudentsmadehimmonitor.主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补Tom is fairly careless.Strangely,he drives very carefully.(fairly和very是状语)主 谓 状 主 谓 状各成分的定义backThe Attributive ClauseWhichoneisHarryPorter?TheboyisHarryPorterWhichoneisHarryPorter?Theboy_isHarryPorter.who is wearing glasses定语从句定语从句
4、一、概念一、概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作在句子中作定语定语)(Attributiveclause)HarryPorterisasmartboy.HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.形容词作定语形容词作定语句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why二、用法二、用法:Thesea
5、rethetreeswhich/thatwereplantedlastyear.先先行行词词是是人人关系代词关系代词:whowhomwhosethatwhich先行词是先行词是物物Thesearethestudentswho/thatwonthefirstplacelastyear.Have a try指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are de
6、ad is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()主语宾语定语宾语1.引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词关系副词关系副词When=on(in,during)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which2.引导定语从句的关系副词引导定语从句的关系副词如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在
7、定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语语则选择则选择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语状语，则选择则选择关系副词关系副词。1.who,whom,whose,that用法区别用法区别.who作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解分解作主语作主语whom作定语从句的作定语
8、从句的宾语宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解分解作宾语作宾语that可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.可省略可省略Themanwho/thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.whose作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解分解Iknowthe
9、girl.Thegirlsmotherisateacher.作定语作定语2.which,that的的用法用法which作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.Ilikethebook(which/that)youboughtyesterday.Thisisatruckwhich/thatismadeinChina.作主语作主语作宾语作宾语可省略可省略3.只能用只能用that的情况的情况序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveeverknown.ThisisthefirstplaythatIhaveseens
10、inceIcamehere.everything,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等等不定代词不定代词作先行作先行词时词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwastrue.先行词被先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ivereadallthebooksthatyoulendme.先行词被先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.主句已有主句已有who或
11、或which时时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday.当先行词同时指当先行词同时指人人和和物物时时Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjustnow.4.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时(介词提前介词提前).指人只用指人只用whom,指物只用指物只用whichThisistheboywithwhomhetalked.Thisistheringonwhichshespent1000dollars.（三）关系副词引
12、导的定语从句1when指时间，指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.2where指地点，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语在定语从句中作地点状语。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.3why指原因，指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellm
13、ethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.注意注意：关系副词关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。引导的定语从句来表示。Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvit
14、ationisquiteclear.back由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father?A.whose B.who C.which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One.A.when B.which C.who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A.wh
15、o B.which C.whom4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom5.The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.what C.which6.The teacher for _ you are waiting has come.A.who B.whom C.that由由Whom Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whom7.
16、A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose 8.This book is for the students _ native(本国的本国的)language is not English.A.that B.of whom C.whose 9.The boy _ composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that由由Whose Whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,在句中做定语在句中做定语
17、10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south.A.who is grown B.which is grown C.when is grown11、The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found.A.which B.who C.what 12、The room in _ there are many books is mine.A.that B.who C.which13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.A.which B.who C.when由由Which Wh
18、ich 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whichthat14.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.which B.that C.what15.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.that先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词 all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything只能用只能用that引导引导16.Its the
19、most boring film _ I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.whose17.This is the first car _ arrived this morning.A.which B.who C.that 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时饰时只能用只能用that引导引导18.I know all people _ are from that village.A.who B.that C.whose19.There is no water _ is needed badly.A.which B.who C.that2
20、0.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.that C.in which先行词被先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导21.That is the very book _ I was looking for.A.who B.that C.which22.After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing _ he owns.A.who B.that C.which先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导23.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A.who B.that C.which先行词被既有人又有物时先行词被既有人又有物时只能用只能用that引导引导24.Who is the worker _ took some pictures of the factory.A.who B.that C.which主句已有主句已有who或或which时时,只能用只能用that引导引导