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1、 against/with 与与作斗争作斗争1)struggle for 为为而努力而努力/而斗争而斗争 to do 努力努力 做某事做某事1.He has been struggling against illness for many years.2.She has been struggling for success in her business.=She has been struggling _ _ in her business.to succeed2.hungry adj hunger n.(angry anger)die of hunger hunger for/to do
2、 渴望渴望3.circulate knowledge传播知识传播知识 Blood circulates in the body.循环循环2)thanks to 1.Everyone knows about it now,thanks to you.2.Thanks to the bad weather,we had a terrible picnic.=_ _ the bad weather,we had a terrible picnic.=_ _ _ the bad weather,we had a terrible picnic.=_ _ _ _ the bad weather,we h
3、ad a terrible picnic.=_ _ the bad weather,we had a terrible picnic.=_ _ the bad weather,we had a terrible picnic.Because of As a result of Owing to Due to On account of 3.Thanks for lending me the money.Many thanks to you.4)rid v.(rid;rid;ridding)rid of be/get rid of 1.We must rid our room of rats.2
4、.He should rid himself of the smoking habit.3.I am rid of debt now.4.She hasnt gotten rid of her bad cold.5)satisfy v.satisfying satisfied adj.6)satisfaction n.1.The new dress satisfied her.=She _ _ _ the new dress.2.He was satisfied to win the game.3.To my _,he finally got rid of the bad habit.令某人满
5、意的是令某人满意的是 to ones(great)satisfaction =(much)to ones satisfaction4.This film was far from _.远非令人满意远非令人满意5.satisfy ones needs 满足需求满足需求 was satisfied withsatisfactionsatisfactory6)would rather 1.He would rather die of hunger than steal.2.He would die of hunger rather than steal.2.I would rather not te
6、ll you the truth.3.I would rather(that)you had come here yesterday.4.I would rather you drove,OK?5.I would rather you came here tomorrow.6.would rather 跟跟that 从句时，用虚拟，用一般过从句时，用虚拟，用一般过去时表现在或将来，用过去完成时表过去去时表现在或将来，用过去完成时表过去7)therefore adv.8)1.He was seriously injured and therefore he was sent to a hospi
7、tal.=He was seriously injured and _he was sent to a hospital.=He was seriously injured _ he was sent to a hospital.thusso8)equip A with B =A be equipped with Bbe equipped for 准备好准备好1.They will have to equip their office with new computers.=Their office will have to be equipped with new computers.3.T
8、hey were fully/poorly/well equipped for the climb.4.a piece of equipment 一件设备一件设备 pieces of equipment/U/9)confuse 1.confuse A with B 将将A与与B混淆混淆2.The instructions on the box are very _.3.He was depressed and in a _ state of mind.4.I am _ -say that all again.confusingconfusedconfused sth.10)regret doi
9、ng sth.后悔做后悔做 to say(tell you/inform you)that-clause 1.We regret his retirement.2.I regret telling him the truth.3.I regret to say(tell you/inform you)that I cannot help you.regretted regrettedregretregret n.to ones regret 令某人感到遗憾的是令某人感到遗憾的是with regret 遗憾地遗憾地We heard with(great)regret that you are n
10、ot successful in your plan.11)build up1.You are too weak,so you need more exercise to build you up.build oneself/sb.up 使自己或某人强壮使自己或某人强壮2.All the pressure built up and he was off work for weeks with stress.变得更大、更多或更强变得更大、更多或更强3.She has built up a successful business.逐步建立、获得、发展逐步建立、获得、发展 build up a fi
11、ne reputation 12)lead to 1.Eating too much can lead to health problems.=Eating too much can _ _ health problems.=Eating too much can _ health problems.=Eating too much can _ _ health problems.=Eating too much can _ _ health problems.=Health problems can _ _eating too much.2.All roads lead to Rome.re
12、sult incausebring aboutaccount forresult from13)focus on focus on1.The discussion focused on three main problems.2.We must focus attention on the main problems.（pay attention to)14)reduce increase 1.The road sign says“Reduce speed now.”2.Costs have been reduced _ 20%over the past year.3.The shirt wa
13、s reduced _ 10 in the sale.4.The number of employees was reduced _ 40 _ 25.bytofromto15)keep from阻止阻止 be free from/of免受免受影响影响 keepfree from/of.使使.免受影响免受影响1.We must keep the river from being polluted.2.Gandhi fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.3.Eating well and good exerc
14、ise keep you free of cold.16)comment(on/about)1.I dont feel I can comment on their decision.2.She made helpful comments on my study.make comments on sth 对对加以评价加以评价3.-Will you resign,sir?-No comment.无可奉告无可奉告Part 2 Warming up 1)Do you know the saying“Food is God for the people”?2)What do you know abou
15、t farming?2)What do you know about farming?Farming is very important for everyone in the world.Good farming means a good harvest,that is,we will have enough _ to eat.Otherwise,many people will go hungry and even die of_.Farming is a hard-working job,especially in _ countries.Farming has something to
16、 _ with weather,seeds,fertilizer,machines,technology and so on.food hugerdevelopingdo There different kinds of _ on the earth,such as rice,wheat,corn,potato,and sweetPotato.They are _ foods for people.Everyone eats a“staple main)food.People indifferent countries eat different staple foods.England,Ca
17、nada and USA the staple foodsare _ and _.In countries _China,Italy,India and Japan many peoplealso eat _ and pasta(意大利面)But incountries like South America and CentralAmerica _is the staple food.cropbasicpotatoesbreadlikericecornPart 3 Reading A Pioneer for all people1)Use the information in the text
18、 to complete the following notes about Yuan Longping.Name:Yuan LongpingNationality:ChineseAge:78Occupation(职业):scientist/farmerEducation:graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953 Dream:to export his hybrid rice so that it can be grown around the globe.Achievement:in 1974,developed hybrid
19、 rice which produces onethird more than normal rice.Hobbies:listening to violin music,playing mah-jong,swimming and reading Part 3 Important expressions and sentence patterns1)Warming up(P 9)1.have been to have gone to 2.be/come from a farmers family 3.if so if not4.try to do try doing2)Pre-reading(
20、P 9)1.go to bed hungry go to bed3)Reading(P10)1.consider sth./doing sth.consider=that-clause to be+n./adj.consider +n.n./adj.as+n./adj.We consider Beijing to be the heart of our country.We consider Beijing the heart of our country.We consider Beijing as the heart of our country.2.work the land 3.Dr
21、Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.4.onethird more of the crop in the same fields5.be born into/in a poor farmers family6.as a young man =when he was young7.are fed from(just 7%of the farmland in China)feed sb.from feed sb.sth.feed sb.with/on sth.feed sth.to sb.1.She feeds her baby
22、 formula(配方)milk.2.She feeds her baby with/on formula(配方)milk.3.She feeds formula(配方)milk to her baby.8.many other less developed countries9.thanks to10.rid of 11.farmers are producing harvest twice as large as before12.be satisfied with13.each grain of rice 14.with the hope of in the hope of in hop
23、es of She lived in the hope of seeing one of her sons succeed.15.care about care for (P 14)16.over the past half century17.long-term use18.cause damage to =do damage to =damage 19.build up(堆积)20.lead to 21.with these discoveries =because of With your children away,you must have a lot of free time.22
24、.focus on23.be free of/from keep free from/of 1.It was several weeks before he was free of pain.2.Before long the doctor kept him free from pain.24.every few years25.prevent from 26.avoid doing Part 4 The ing form as the subject and objectI.谓语动词1.We learn English every day.(一般现在时)2.We are learning E
25、nglish now.(现在进行时)3.We have learned English for four years.(现在完成时)4.English is spoken in many countries in the world.(一般现在时的被动语态)II.非谓语动词的形式 1.to do(不定式)2.doing(动名词/现在分词=the ing form)3.done(过去分)III.非谓语动词的作用1.Learning English is very important.(作主语)2.We like learning English.(作宾语)3.We like to learn E
26、nglish.(作宾语)4.The English spoken in the UK is slightly different from that spoken in the USA.(作定语:后置)5.This is a disturbing problem.(作定语:前置)5.The problem is disturbing.(作表语)6.We consider the problem disturbing.(作宾补)7.He sat at his desk,reading a newspaper.(作状语)IV.非谓语动词具有动词的特征1.We are learning Englis
27、h.Leaning English is important.（带宾语）2.This theory is widely accepted.This is a widely accepted theory.（带状语）3.He regretted that he had provided her with the information.He regretted having provided her with the information.（时态变化）(可以带宾语或状语，有时态或语态变化）4.He was invited to the party yesterday evening.Yeste
28、rday evening he went to the party without being invited.(被动语态的-ing形式)主语1.谓语动词谓语(有时态、语态或语气的变化)宾语 宾补 定语 状语 主语 宾语2.非谓语动词 宾补(有时态或语态的变化)定语 状语to do:主动；发生经常将来 1.We often hear him sing this song.2.We heard him sing this song last night.3.We will go and hear him sing at the party tomorrow evening.doing:主动；进行
29、1.He likes walking in the snow.2.They stood under a tree,waiting for the bus.done:被动；完成1.This is one of the schools built in the 1980s.2.The cup is broken.3.Please keep us informed of the latest news.V.动词 ing 的用法 作主语作主语1.Nodding the head means agreement.2.It is no use asking her to help.She always f
30、inds an excuse not to.3.It is worth reading the book.4.There is no point(in)trying it again.5.Its a waste of time trying it again.作宾语作宾语1.I like swimming.2.When the teacher came in,we stopped talking at once.3.He has given up smoking.4.They have got used to living in the countryside.5.He left withou
31、t saying goodbye to us.VI 动词 ing 的时态和语态1.一般式:主动:doing被动:being done1.Learning English is very useful to us.2.I still remember being taken to Hangzhou at the age of six.2.完成式:主动:having done被动:having been done1.He regretted having been careless.2.Having been told many times,he still doesnt remember it.
32、VII.动词-ing的否定形式1.The child made her mother angry by not taking medicine.2.I regret not being able to help you.VII.动词-ing的复合结构 my/me+doing the students/the student+doing1.Would you mind my/me opening the window?(Would you mind opening?)2.Would you mind Toms/Tom cleaning the floor?3.His being late mad
33、e the teacher angry.4.The students being late made the teacher angry.VIII.1)v.+doing1.Ive enjoyed _(talk)with you,but I must be going now.2.I cant stand _(listen)to heavy metal music.avoid,advise,excuse,mind,consider,suggest,delay,escape,finish,practise,imagine,allow,permit,admit,risk,miss,appreciat
34、e feel like,put off,insist on,give up,cant help,succeed(in)*prep.+doing On reading her letter,he jumped up with wild.talkinglistening2)v.+to do1.He managed _(keep)out of debt.2.He refused _(take)any money.3.They think it difficult _(repay)the money.wish,hope,ask,promise,pretend,decide,agree,learn,ex
35、pect,determine,plan,seek,choose,offer *find(think,consider,feel)+it+to do4.I had no choice but _(accept)his demand.to keepto taketo repayto accept3)v.+doing/to do()1.Most of us like _(watch)TV.2.Most of us like _(watch)TV.*3.I like playing table tennis.*4.I like to play table tennis this afternoon.*
36、5.He was beginning to get worried.love,hate,begin,start,continue,prefer,intend watchingto watch4)v.+to/doing()1.-let me tell you something about the journalists?-Dont you remember _(tell)me the story yesterday?2.I will remember _(tell)her about it.3.I wont wait if it means _(stand)more than two hours.3.I didnt mean _(hurt)you.