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1、2021 年茂名市第十七中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Bob and Sue Harvey spent nine years as resident fellows in a dormitory at Sanford and in their bookVirtual Reality and The College Freshman,they write“The Freshman oftenfaces an identit
2、y problem during the first semester.”College is a more pressured environment than it used to be,in part because the academic gap between high school and college has increased.Many college freshmen have never had to make independent decisions about sex,drugs and alcohol.Most dont know how to manage t
3、heir time or money.They often feel lonely and overwhelmed,resulting in anxiety and depression.Nancy Corbin,director of clinical service for student-counseling(咨询)services at Iowa State University,says her office is seeing a significant increase in requests for counseling from freshmen who are having
4、 trouble making the adjustment to college life.She says older teenagers increasingly lack the skills to deal with personal problems that arent easily defined or fixed.And they get homesick but have a hard time admitting it.Parents and high schools can make things easier on freshmen by preparing them
5、 differently.For example,by teaching them to budget their hours and dollars.The Harveys think high schools should offer a college-life course.“Parents need to focus more on relationship and personal issues and less on how many sheets and towels to take,”they say.Many homesick freshmen think theyll b
6、e regarded as failures if they come home before Thanksgiving.So parents can help by letting them know theyre welcome to return if they feel the need.In the meantime,parents have to find new ways to keep in touch with their college kids.One of the best ways is e-mail.Its less unpleasant and less expe
7、nsive than constant phone calls and is more likely to be answered than a handwritten letter.1.Why is the first semester difficult for freshmen in college?A.Because they often fail in exams.B.Because they lack time and money.C.Because they are too homesick to make new friends.D.Because they have to s
8、ettle personal issues on their own.2.In the last paragraph,it is suggested that _.A.parents should stop buying anything for their kids B.parents should develop a good relationship with their kids C.parents should be taught how to send e-mails to their kids D.parents should work with high schools in
9、college-life courses 3.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A.Hard Life of College Freshmen B.Approaches to Trouble in College C.Freshmens Adaptation Problems D.A Strange Phenomenon in College B Youve probably heard it suggested that you need to move more throughout the day
10、,and as a general rule of thumb,that more is often defined as around 10,000 steps.With many Americans tracking their stepsvia new fitness-tracking wearables,or even just by carrying their phone,more and more people use the 10,000-step rule as their marker for healthy living.Dr.Dreg Hager,professor o
11、f computer science at Johns Hopkins,decided to take a closer look at that 10,000-step rule,and he found that usingitas a standard may be doing more harm than good for many.“It turns out that in 1960 in Japan they figured out that the average Japanese man,when he walked 10,000 steps a day burned some
12、thing like 3,000 calories and that is what they thought the average person should consume so they picked 10,000 steps as a number”Hager said.According to Hager,asking everyone to shoot for 10,000 steps each day could be harmful to the elderly or those with medical conditions,making it unwise for the
13、m to jump into that level of exercise,even if its walking.The bottom line is that 10,000 steps may be too many for some and too few for others.He also noted that those with shorter legs have an easier time hitting the 10,000-step goal because they have to take more steps than people with longer legs
14、 to cover the distance.It seems that 10,000 steps may be suitable for the latter.A more recent study focused on older women and how many steps can help maintain good health and promote longevity(长寿).The study included nearly 17,000 women with an average age of 72.Researchers found that women who too
15、k 4,400 steps per day were about 40%less likely to die during a follow-up period of just over four years:Interestingly,women in the study who walked more than 7,500 steps each day got no extra boost in longevity.4.What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.The phone recording.B.The 1
16、0,000-step rule.C.The healthy living.D.The fitness-tracking method.5.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A.How many steps a Japanese walks.B.How we calculate the number of steps.C.If burning 3,000 calories daily is scientific.D.Where 10,000 steps a day came from.6.Who will probably benefit from
17、10,000 steps each day according toHager?A.Senior citizens.B.Young short-legged people.C.Healthy long-legged people D.Weak individuals.7.How many steps may the researchers suggest senior citizens take each day?A.4,400 steps.B.10,000 steps.C.2,700 steps.D.7,500 steps.C Remember when your mom told you
18、not to eat too many candy bars or sweets because they can cause tooth decay(蛀牙)?However,it turns out that chocolate can be moresalutaryto your teeth than you might expect.Recent studies show that chocolate can effectively fight against tooth decay,as if we need another excuse to eat chocolate.Chocol
19、ate offers protection like fluoride,a main ingredient in most household toothpastes.Not only does chocolate protect our teeth,but it can do so very effectively.Studies show that chocolate has compounds that provide strong protection for teeth.One of the compounds in chocolate,CBH,is shown to protect
20、 even more effectively than fluoride.Tooth decay happens when bacteria work to turn sugar into acids in our mouth.This is why eating foods with high sugar content can lead to more tooth decay.The compounds in chocolate,however,are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in your mouth.The CBH co
21、mpound in particular also works to strengthen tooth enamel(牙釉质),andprotects against tooth decay.Does this mean you can cat as much chocolate as you want without worrying about your teeth?It depends on the types of chocolate that you like.The protective effect of chocolate is most effective when you
22、chew on cocoa beans.Of course,this option is not very appealing to;most people.A more tasty option is to choose dark chocolate with little sugar content,ideally no more than 6 to 8 grams per serving.For other types of chocolate with higher sugar content,the effect will be lessened.However,because of
23、 the protective compounds,it is still better for your teeth than other sweets and desserts containing the same amount of sugar.8.The word“salutary”in paragraph 1 means?A.Beneficial.B.Harmful.C.Familiar.D.Useless.9.What can we know about the compound CBH in chocolate?A.It can help chocolate cure toot
24、h decay.B.It can effectively stop teeth from decaying.C.It may protect teeth better than toothpastes do.D.It may soon replace most household toothpastes.10.How does chocolate fight tooth decay?A.By breaking down acids.B.By building up compounds.C.By fixing up tooth enamel.D.By fighting against bacte
25、ria.11.Whats the main idea of the text?A.Chocolate plays the role of toothpaste.B.Chocolate protects against tooth decay.C.Chocolate is the best choice for teeth protection.D.Chocolate is healthier to teeth than other sweets.D You run into the grocery store to quickly pick up your item.You grab what
26、 you need and head to the front of the store.After quickly sizing up the check-out lines,you choose the one that looks fastest.You chose wrong.People getting in other lines long after you have already checked out and headed to the parking lot.Why does this seem to always happen to you?Well,as it tur
27、ns out,its just math that is working against you.A grocery store tries to have enough employees at the checkout lines to get all their customers through with minimum delay.But sometimes,like on a Sunday afternoon,they get super busy.Because most grocery stores dont have the physical space to add mor
28、e checkout lines,their system becomes overburdened.Some small interruption a price check,a particularly talkative customer will have downstream effects,holding up the entire line behind them.If there are three lines at the store,these delays will happen randomly at different registers(收银台).Think abo
29、ut the probability.The chances of your line being that fastest one are only one in three,which means you have a two-thirds chance of not being in the fastest line.So its not just in your mind:Another line is probably moving faster thanyours.Now,mathematicians have come up with a good solution,which
30、they call queuing theory,to this problem:Just make all customers stand in one long snaking line,called a serpentine line,and serve each person at the front with the next available register.With three registers,this method is about three times faster on average than the more traditional approach.This
31、 is what they do at most banks,Trader Joes,and some fast-food places.With a serpentine line,a long delay at one register wont unfairly punish the people who lined up behind it.Instead,it will slow everyone down a little bit.12.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Queuing in a line.B
32、.A shopping experience.C.A rush in the morning.D.Cutting in a line.13.According to the article,what may cause delays in checking out?A.The lack of employees in the grocery store.B.Some unexpected delays of certain customers.C.The increasing items bought by customers.D.A worsening shopping system of
33、the store.14.What is the solution given by mathematicians?A.Employing more workers for checking out.B.Limiting the number of queuing people.C.Making only one line available.D.Always standing in the same line.15.Whats the principle behind the queuing theory?A.To pursue the maximum benefit.B.To leave
34、success or failure to luck.C.To avoid the minimum loss.D.To spread the risk equally among everyone.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 What to do in a fire Talking about fires can be frightening because no one likes to think about people getting harmed or their thing
35、s getting burned._16_So lets start from talking about escape plans and escape routes(路线).Know your way out.An escape plan can help you get out of a burning house.The idea is to get outside quickly and safely.Smoke froma fire can make it hard to see where things are,so its important to learn and reme
36、mber the different ways out of your home._17_How do you get to them from your room?Its a good idea to draw a map of the escape plan.Its possible one way out could be blocked by fire or smoke,so youll want to know where other ones are._18_ If youre in a room with the door closed when the fire breaks
37、out,you need to take more steps:Check to see if theres heat or smoke coming in the cracks around the door._19_If you dont see smoke touch the door.If the door is hot or very warm dont open the door!If you dont see smoke and the door is not hot then use your fingers to lightly touch the door handle.I
38、f the door handle is hot or very warm dont open the door!If the door handle feels cool,and you cant see any smoke around the door,you can open the door very carefully.When you open the door,if you feel heat or smoke pours into the room,quickly shut the door._20_ A.Get everyone out.B.How many exits a
39、re there?C.Remember the safety steps.D.But what if there was a fire where you live?E.But you can feel less worried if you are prepared.F.If theres no smoke or heat,go toward your escape route exit.G.If you see smoke coming under the door dont open the door!第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分
40、，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 Once there was a farmer with a wife and two sons.He became quite_21_through hardworking.He wanted his children to have a(n)_22_life,so he and his wife did all the work and_23_made them do anything.After some time,his wife died and_24_he didnt want h
41、is children to_25_,so he did the field labor and all the housework.But as time went on,he became old and_26_,and started to worry about his_27_when he died.So he thought about this for a long time and he_28_his sons and said,“Look,my inheritance(遗产)to you is a lot of gold.Ive_29_all my gold in the f
42、ields,so its up to you to plough(耕作)them and_30_the gold.”And he called his neighbors and said,“Im going to_31_and my children dont know how to_32_themselves.So please cook for them until they can take care of themselves.”So the neighbors provided them with_33_for some time.Certainly the brothers di
43、dnt want to be robbed of the_34_so they did the digging themselves.They_35_one field after another and after they had dug all the fields,they found no gold.So the brothers sat down and one_36_the other,“Do you think our father_37_us?”But the other brother said,“No,I think our father was saying that
44、the_38_is a golden profession.And if we dig up all the_39_we can become rich.”So like all the other_40_,they sowed wheat in the fields they had dug and became very rich in the end.21.A.rich B.strong C.clever D.busy 22.A.hard B.easy C.different D.ordinary 23.A.always B.often C.never D.sometimes 24.A.
45、also B.thus C.ever D.still 25.A.work B.move C.study D.play 26.A.healthy B.sick C.foolish D.wise 27.A.brothers B.friends C.children D.s 28.A.showed B.taught C.visited D.called 29.A.lost B.hidden C.planted D.put 30.A.harvest B.find C.buy D.use 31.A.leave B.travel C.die D.disappear 32.A.look at B.look
46、out C.look after D.look for 33.A.relief B.money C.water D.food 34.A.gold B.silver C.oil D.coal 35.A.dug B.piled C.operated D.searched 36.A.advised B.asked C.followed D.doubted 37.A.loved B.cared C.understood D.cheated 38.A.gardening B.fishing C.building D.farming 39.A.roots B.stones C.fields D.pipes
47、 40.A.farmers B.workers C.fishers D.builders 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 A 16-year-old Kansas boy will soon earn his high-school diploma(文凭).And a few days later,hell travel to Harvard_41._(collect)his bachelors degree.Ulysses High School senior Braxton Moral_42._
48、(attend)graduation ceremonies(典礼)a few days later to become_43._only student to gain a four year high school degree and a bachelor s degree from Harvard at the same time_44._(successful).Harvard has changed the rules.”said Braxton s father,Carlos Moral,so his son will be the only one reaching that s
49、tandard.Braxton will be 17 when he_45._(get)his diplomas.The Ulysses school district allowed him to take some high school_46._(class)while he was still in middle school.Before high school,he took a class offered at Fort Hays State University.Then he_47._(admit)to Harvard.Braxton at the same time stu
50、died at the high school and the Harvard Extension School.The program typically serves adults_48._work and cant study on campus full time.Ulysses High School math teacher Patsy Love served as the proctor(学监)for the Harvard program,managing Braxtons tests in Kansas.We are keeping an eye on Braxton to