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1、2021 届东莞市石排中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Shopping centers，stadiums and universities may soon have a new tool to help fight crime.ACaliforniacompany called Knightscope says its robots can predict and prevent crime.Knightscope says
2、 the goal is to reduce crime by half in areas the robots guard.William Santana Li is the chief executive officer of Knightscope.He says，These robot security guards will change the world.Our planet has more than seven billion people on it.Its going to quickly get to nine billion people.The security e
3、quipmentthat we have globally is just not going to develop that fast.The companys Autonomous Data Machines can become the eyes and ears of law enforcement（执法）.You want them to be machines plus humans.Let.the machines do the heavy and sometimes dangerous work and let the humans do the strategic decis
4、ion-making work，so its always working all together.The machines do not carry weapons but they have day and night video cameras which are able to turn 360 degrees and can also sense chemical and biological weapons.Some people may become concerned about their privacy,especially in connection with the
5、video recordings.Some people may worry that such recordings will appear on the Internet.Eugene Volokh,a law professor at the UCLA School of Law,says the machines have to be used in the right way and it will be interesting to see how state laws deal with this kind of video.William Santana Li says the
6、re is a long waiting list for the robots in theUS.Workers in the company are working overtime to meet the demands of the market.At least 25 other countries are also interested in these robot security guards.1.What can this new tool do for humans?A.Make strategic decisions.B.Keep watching day and nig
7、ht.C.Carry heavy weapons.D.Stop crime autonomously.2.Why are some people worried about the new robots?A.Their privacy may be let out.B.The robots are very expensive.C.Robots will replace humans.D.They will be out of work soon.3.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A.Robots Are Be
8、coming More Popular B.Robots Contribute aLotto the World C.Robots Are in Great Demand Now D.Security Robots Could Help Cut Crime B For most thinkers since the Greek philosophers,it was self-evident that there is something called human nature,something that constitutes the essence of man.There were v
9、arious views about what constitutes it,but there was agreement that such an essence existsthat is to say,that there is something by virtue of which man is man.Thus man was defined as a rational(理性的)being,as a social animal,an animal that can make tools,or a symbol-making animal.More recently,this tr
10、aditional view has begun to be questioned.One reason for this change was the increasing emphasis given to the historical approach to man.An examination of the history of humanity suggested that man in our time is so different from man in previous times that it seemed unrealistic to assume that men i
11、n every age have had in common something that can be called“human nature.”The historical approach was strengthened,particularly in the United States,by studies in the field of cultural anthropology(人类学).The study of primitive peoples has discovered such a diversity of customs,values,feelings,and tho
12、ughts that many anthropologists arrived at the concept that man is born as a blank sheet of paper on which each culture writes its text.Another factor contributing to the tendency to deny the assumption of a fixed human nature was that the concept has so often been abused as a shield(盾牌)behind which
13、 the most inhuman acts are committed.In the name of human nature,for example,Aristotle and most thinkers up to the eighteenth century defended slavery.Or in order to prove the rationality and necessity of the capitalist form of society,scholars have tried to make a case for acquisitiveness,competiti
14、veness,and selfishness as natural human characters.Popularly,one refers cynically（愤世嫉俗地）to“human nature”in accepting the inevitability of such undesirable human behavior as greed,murder,cheating and lying.Another reason for disbelief about the concept of human nature probably lies in the influence o
15、f evolutionary thinking.Once man came to be seen as developing in the process of evolution,the idea of a substance which is contained in his essence seemed untenable.Yet I believe it is precisely from an evolutionary standpoint that we can expect new insight into the problem of the nature of man.4.M
16、ost philosophers believed that human nature _.A.is the quality distinguishing man from other animals B.consists of competitiveness and selfishness C.is something partly innate and partly acquired D.consists of rationality and undesirable behavior 5.The traditional view of“human nature”was strongly c
17、hallenged by _.A.the emergence of the evolutionary theory B.the historical approach to man C.new insight into human behavior D.the philosophical analysis of slavery 6.According to the passage,anthropologists believe that human beings _.A.have some characters in common B.are born with diverse culture
18、s C.are born without a fixed nature D.change their characters as they grow up 7.The author mentioned Aristotle,a great ancient thinker,in order to _.A.emphasize that he contributed a lot to defining the concept of“human nature”B.show that the concept of“human nature”was used to justify social evils
19、C.prove that he had a profound influence on the concept of“human nature”D.support the idea that some human characters are inherited.C The World Wildlife Fund(WWF)says more than half of the worlds wildlife population has been lost,whichthe conservation group says has placed the health of the planet a
20、t risk.The WWF recently released its 10th Flagship Living Planet Report.The group warns the condition of the worlds animals is worse than its earlier reports showed,indicating worldwide action is needed.The WWF is worried about the loss of and damage to Earths environment.The report provides informa
21、tion about more than 10,000 animal populations from 1970 to 2010.These populations are called“vertebrate species,”or animals with backbones like fish,birds,mammals,amphibians and reptiles.The report shows these populations have dropped by 52 percent in just 40 years.It warns freshwater species have
22、fallen by 76 percent,which is almost twice the loss of land and ocean species.Most of these losses are in the tropics,with the biggest drop inLatin America.Marco Lambertini,the WWFs International Director-General said,“This is about losing natural habitats.This is aboutconvertingforests,grasslands,a
23、nd wetlands into agriculture mainly,and it is about unsustainable use of wildlife.Illegal hunting has been actually increasing over the last 10 years,which definitely a driving force for extinction,particularly of large species.”The report also notes what it calls the worlds“Ecological Footprint”,th
24、at is,the effect of human activities on the planet.Mr.Lambertini says there has been an increase in carbon dioxide gases and the pouring of nitrogen into oceans and rivers from fertilizers used in agriculture,which certainly cannot continue.“We are consuming on average every year about the equivalen
25、t of about 1.5,one and a half times the resources available to the planet.That means we are cutting trees more quickly than they can be restored.We are fishing the oceans more quickly than fishing stocks can reproduce,and we are emitting in the atmosphere more CO2than the natural systems can actuall
26、y absorb,which is clearly not sustainable.”Mr.Lambertini warns climate change affects almost everyone on the planet and that whole species may disappear if the world does not reduce the effects of humans on the climate.8.According to the passage,what kind of species faces the biggest drop in populat
27、ion?A.Land and ocean species.B.Animals with backbones.C.Freshwater species inLatin America.D.Freshwater species in the tropics.9.All the following can contribute to the loss of worlds wildlife population EXCEPT _.A.turning wildlife habitats into agriculture land.B.making sustainable use of wildlife.
28、C.hunting illegally.D.emitting CO2 gases and pouring nitrogen.10.Which does the underlined word“converting”in paragraph 4 mean?A.Conserving.B.Conveying.C.Exchanging.D.Transforming.11.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.Marco is much concerned about humans current behaviors towards wildlife.
29、B.what the planet provides now can satisfy humans sustainable development.C.more than half of the worlds wildlife population has been lost.D.if humans reduce the effects on the climate,the whole species will not disappear.D In the Pacific Northwest during winter,5:15 am might as well be the dead of
30、night.The alarm goes off and the onlylight is the red glow from my clock.My body says,“Go back to bed.”But I dont.I know my running partner will be waiting in the street and Im not going to stand her up.Then I walk onto the road,complaining about the cold and wishing I were back under my warm covers
31、.If youd have asked me a year ago if I could see myself running at 5:15 on a winter morning,Id have laughed.Morning just wasnt my thing and running in the morning was something I didnt even consider.“I prefer to work out in the middle of the morning or in the afternoon,”Id say to my friends who go t
32、o the gym before work.Then,last fall I reconnected with an old neighborhood friend.Shed been running in the morning and taken off forty pounds that year.When I looked in the mirror,I knew I could benefit from the same kind of weight loss.I asked if I could join her.I knew I needed to change somethin
33、g if I was going to get back in shape.The first two months were especially hard,because we ran twice a week at 5:15 am and I slept till 7:00 the other mornings.But as Ive adjusted to the routine of running,Ive discovered great joys that make it even more worthwhile than a little weight loss.While I
34、havent lost forty pounds yet,its amazing how much more energy I have and how much stronger I feel.Because of the morning run,the rest of my day is more productive.I wouldnt say Ive become a morning person,but I would say morning running is now my thing.12.What can we know about the author from parag
35、raph 1?A.5:15 is the ideal time for her to exercise.B.She prefers to run without any company.C.She takes the run with warm clothes on.D.She goes for a run in spite of the cold and early rise.13.What was the authors attitude to morning running a year ago?A.Scared.B.Unfavorable.C.Supportive.D.Confused
36、.14.What made the author begin to run in the morning?A.Her partners encouragement.B.Her friends suggestion.C.Realizing the benefits of running.D.Realizing the harm of being fat.15.What effect does morning runninghave on the author?A.She has become slim again.B.She has become more confident.C.She has
37、 become more energetic.D.She has become more exhausted.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Tricks to fight post-holiday fatigue After any big event-a vacation,a wedding or the holidays-there can be a breakafter,says psychologist Linda Smith.Here,she shares her tips o
38、n fighting post-holiday-fatigue（疲劳）：Plan something to look forward to.Getting back to daily boring work,especially in the darker days of winter,may cause seasonal upset to sink in._16_This will give your brain something positive to focus on and can help overcome sadness and post-holiday tiredness.Or
39、ganize your desk.Nothing can make you feel more stressed than staring at a mountain of paperwork upon returning to the office.While its best to organize your desk before leaving for a holiday,take a couple of hours to clear your desk before settling in._17_ Meditate(冥想).Taking a timeout to simply li
40、sten to your breath go in and out can re energize you.If you find yourself feeling very tired,take a five-minute break to breathe deeply or take a walk outdoors._18_ Make a to-do list.Before stepping back into theoffice,make a to-do list to help focus your mind.That said,Smith warns against making a
41、 list the night before returning to the office._19_A lack of sleep will affect how you feel and perform the next day,she says.Put up a new picture.Decorate your office with a new photo of your family or a trip you took during the holidays._20_And this will help improve your energy levels.A.Its back
42、to your normal routine.B.You may find yourself feeling less energized C.Starting with a clean desk can help your mind focus on the tasks.D.Thats because it can then be difficult to turn off your brain and go to sleep E.Many studies have shown breathing in fresh air can help re energize the brain.F.T
43、o relieve these blues,walk into the office with a plan for a party or a challenge.G.You will be reminded of the positive thoughts you had when you look at the picture.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项“One,two,three,four,.”that is the_21_for
44、 six people facing a cold,dark morning at Kamezuka park in Tokyo to bend,stretch,jump,and run on the_22_.It has become a_23_of daily life in Japan since the broadcasts,known as radio calisthenics(广播体操).The three-minute workout is the_24_ way to start the day,says Yukihide,a 79-year-old retired busin
45、essman who has_25_ the routine nearly every day for a decade.“The exercises arent that_26_and afterwards you feel like your body has_27_woken up.”Today,as Tokyo prepares to_28_ the 2020 Olympics,Japan is hoping to _29_ interest in radio calisthenics.Children perform radio calisthenics before school
46、sports days,earning_30_ that can be exchanged for stationery(文具).Regular participants_31_a broad range of Japanese society:construction,factory and office workers who are encouraged to_32_their desks and start moving at 3pm every weekday.Studies show that people who exercise this way for just a few
47、minutes a day have improved bone density(密度),_33_ risk of suffering a stroke or heart attack,and are generally in better_34_shape than other people their age who dont_35_.“There is evidence that physically activeolder adults have_36_rates of high blood pressure,compared with more_37_adults,”the repo
48、rt said.The Kamezuka park regulars have finished their workout.“It can be_38_ going on a dark morning,but for some reason we all keep_39_ up,”says Maruyama,who has sweated.“And Id say were all in pretty good_40_.”21.A.topic B.response C.signal D.custom 22.A.spot B.stage C.platform D.move 23.A.routin
49、e B.greeting C.feast D.stage 24.A.plain B.perfect C.terrible D.difficult 25.A.analyzed B.celebrated C.studied D.followed 26.A.easy B.cosy C.difficult D.interesting 27.A.hardly B.luckily C.additionally D.properly 28.A.attend B.host C.organize D.cancel 29.A.raise B.decrease C.absorb D.change 30.A.mone
50、y B.credits C.fame D.position 31.A.influence B.know C.cover D.visit 32.A.clean B.carry C.mend D.leave 33.A.reduced B.increased C.changed D.brought 34.A.mental B.physical C.logical D.psychological 35.A.work B.travel C.exercise D.think 36.A.higher B.worse C.stronger D.lower 37.A.energetic B.inactive C