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1、5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”1/17 专题一 阅读理解 第 5 课时 锁定上下逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”题组一 体验真题 Passage 1 体裁：说明文 话题：密码学 词数：289 时间：7 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2016 全 国 卷 )Secret codes(密 码)keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent b
2、y computer.People have used secret codes for thousands of years._1_ Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.There are three main types of cryptography._2_ For example，the first letters of“My elephant eats too many e
3、els”spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”_3_You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message“Meet me”would read“135520135.”A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sen
4、tences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book._4_ For example，“bridge”might stand for“meet”and“out”might stand for“me.”The message“bridge out”would actually mean“Meet me.”_5_However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is v
5、ery hard to break a code without the code book.BIn any language，some letters are used more than others.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”2/17 EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of eac
6、h word spell it out.FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。向读者介绍了密码在生活中的作用及密码学的三种基本类型。1D 考查综合分析能力。联系下一句的意思，“创设密码和破译密码总是相伴而生的”，可以推断此处意思是“只要有密码存在，人们总是千方百计
7、地进行破译”。故选 D 项。2E 考查联系上下文的能力。依据接下来的举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。因此答案为 E。3G 考查运用语境进行推断的能力。前文已经介绍了一种设置密码的方式，这里又介绍了另一种。故选 G。G 项中的 another 也是解题的关键标志词。4F 考查联系上下文的能力。空格前的 a code book 暗示答案可能为 F 项，通过验证，两句意思通顺自然，衔接紧密。故答案为 F。5A 考查综合分析能力。由下文中的“also hard”二词可知答案非 A 莫属。Passage 2 体裁：说明文 话题：园艺 词数：295 时间：7 根据短文内容，从短
8、文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2016全国卷)A garden thats just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you，where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和)of its parts？_6_ But it doesnt happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself
9、and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”3/17 _7_ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water
10、and fewer fertilizers(肥料)_8_However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable gard
11、en might be good or bad，but thats not whats important._9_how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth._10_Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your
12、 grownup garden.Have fun.AKnow why you garden BFind a good place for your own garden CIts our experience of the garden that matters DIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowers EStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants FYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your
13、 own garden，too GFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何做园艺，让美丽的花园给我们带来美好的视觉享受。6F 本题考查联系上下文的能力。根据前面的 Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you 可知，你是否参观过一个美丽的花园，再结合后面的 It starts with looking inside yourself 可知，故 F 项“你也可以把自己的花园弄得这么漂亮
14、”符合语境。7A 本题考查综合分析能力。根据后面的 there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden 可知，这一部分主要说明的是首先要5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”4/17 弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故 A 项与之相符。8E 本题考查综合分析能力。前两句谈到有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心的是少用水少用肥料的方法。本句应该仍然是人们对园艺的不同看法。故 E 项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致。9C 本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。根据前面的 thats not whats
15、 important 可知，这里强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故 C 项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。10G 本题考查综合分析能力。这里介绍的是自己弄一个花园，要回忆一下年轻时所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并去践行。故 G 项与上下文一致。Passage 3 体裁：说明文 话题：吃鱼 词数：253 时间：6 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2016全国卷)Everyone knows that fish is good for health._11_But it seems that ma
16、ny people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult._12_This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way._13_Fresh fish should smell sweet
17、:you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh._14_When you have bought a fish and arrive home，youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or
18、two.Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish._15_First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)
19、Then，its ready to serve.5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”5/17 ADo not buy it.BThe easiest is to steam it.CThis is how you can do it.DIt just requires a little knowledge.EThe fish will go bad within hours.FWhen buying fish，you should first smell it.GThe fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说
20、明文，主要讲述了吃鱼对人的好处以及挑选鱼和做鱼的方法。11G 根据该空内容的前一句和后面的 but 可知该空内容应是吃鱼的好处，故判断 G选项符合语境。12D 根据后面的解释内容可以判断此句起到承上启下的作用，故判断 D 选项符合语境。13F 根据后面的解释内容可以判断此处应该填选鱼的方法，故 F 选项符合语境。14A 此句是对上文的一个总结，根据因果关系，故选 A 选项。15B 根据空前内容可知此处应填做鱼的方法，故 B 选项符合语境。Passage 4 体裁：议论文 话题：信任 词数：296 时间：8 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(20
21、15全国卷)Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences._16_ Trust is a risk.But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortu
22、nately，weve all been victims of betrayal.Whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore._17_ Its 5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”6/17 understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some
23、 steps you can take to get you there._18_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing._19_ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a difference between being a victim and livin
24、g with a“victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.You didnt lose“everything”Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life
25、._20_ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt an
26、d they cant bear to let it happen again.F This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。信任是来源于人们以往经历的一种非天生行为。但有时它也会带来风险。当我们失去对别人的信任时，该如何重新获得呢？本文向读者介绍了几点实用的做法。16B 本题考查综合分析能力。前
27、句讲的是信任是人们从过去的经历中学来的一种行为。本空在此基础上做进一步的说明，即信任就是依赖某人。故答案选 B。17E 本题考查联系上下文的能力。本段的主要内容是，人们由于遭受欺骗或受到误导等而倍感受伤，不能忍受此类事情再次发生，从而就不再相信任何人。E 项中的5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”7/17 they 与前句中的 people 相对应，且与下句“Its understandable.”衔接自然，文意相通。故答案为 E。18A 本题考查联系上下文的能力。后面一句是对空格的解释和说明。其中“Having confidence in yourself”与 A 项中的 trust yourself
28、 意义相近。因此答案选 A。19C 本题考查综合分析能力。通读本段可知其大意是：一旦遭到背叛，你就成为客观环境的受害者，但作为一名受害者和以受害者的身份去生活是不同的。所选答案应当包含关键词 victim。由此可知答案为 C。20G 本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。本段的内容围绕主题句“You didnt lose everything.”展开。一旦失去了信任，就要将目光放在仍然拥有的一切上面，对生活中美好的人或事心存感激。通过这一次的经历，给谅解和自身的成长提供足够的空间才是正确的做法。因此答案为 G。另外，空格之后的 Instead 一词对解答本题有明显的提示作用。Passage 5 体裁
29、：说明文 话题：准备工作 词数：180 时间：6 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2015全国卷)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._21_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or fe
30、el best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to double check the fit._22_As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the f
31、irst week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day._23_，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._24_After two weeks，start timing yourself._25_Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up
32、a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”8/17 AAfter six days BFor a good marathon runner CBefore you begin your training DWith each day，increase the distance by a half mile EIf they still feel good，you can begin running in them FTime spent for preparation raises the quality
33、of training GNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time【语篇解读】这篇短文向读者介绍了马拉松训练之前要做的准备工作，包括跑鞋的挑选和注意事项，也给出了每日训练里程的建议。21.C 本题考查综合分析能力。马拉松训练需要精心准备，且要按照循序渐进的原则增加跑步里程。而空格之后的购买鞋子的事宜也是准备工作的一部分，需要提前做好。故答案选 C。22E 本题考查联系上下文的能力。由上句可知，找到合适的鞋子之后穿上几天，以确认一下是否合适。E 项承接这一内容，若仍然感觉舒适，跑步时就可以穿上。23
34、A 本题考查联系上下文的能力。由“to take a day off to rest”可知，在第一周时，要留出一天的休息时间。因此 A 项与语境相吻合。24D 本题考查综合分析能力。前文谈论的是跑步里程的问题，选项 D 与此相对应。关键词 a half 有助于锁定 D 项为正确答案。25G 本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。本段开始论述的是前两周的跑步里程，空格前面一句说的是时间问题，而选项 G 中的 distance 和 time 恰好与这两个话题相关联。因此答案为 G。题组二 尝试模拟 Passage 1 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2
35、016石家庄高三调研)Learning to set goals plays an important role as your child starts to gain independence.However，setting goals doesnt come naturally to your child，so helping him to learn the process should probably be one of your goals.5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”9/17 Explain the word“goal”.Your child may know what a go
36、al is when it comes to soccer，but he may not understand what it means in everyday life._1_ Listen to your child.Ideally，you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are._2_Let him talk about what he thinks he does well and what he thinks he needs to improve.If hes stuck，you ca
37、n provide some examples of your own personal goals.Help keep goals achievable.Dont throw cold water on your child._3_For example，if your child wants to be a champion swimmer，but cant swim an entire lap of the pool yet，you can suggest he start by making that his first goal._4_Help your child write do
38、wn his goals in an easy to follow form.Being able to see and check off the steps on the way to his goal is key in keeping him motivated.A really simple way is to have your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper，writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级)_5_ AChange goals
39、 every so often.BMake a visual goal reminder.CDont always tell him what you think.DHes climbing to the top as he gets closer to his goal.EYou can take sports as an example to help explain it to him.FOnce he has set up a goal，he may find it very difficult to achieve it.G When a goal is beyond his rea
40、ch，help him break it down into smaller pieces.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了如何帮助孩子设定自己的目标，从而使他们学会独立。1E 根据空前的“Your child may know what a goal is when it comes to soccer”可知，通过拿足球运动作例子让孩子明白目标的概念，所以选 E 项。2C 根据本段主题句“Listen to your child”和空前的“Ideally，you want your child to be able to decide for himself what his goals are”
41、可知，你不要总5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”10/17 是告诉孩子你的想法，要让孩子自己去决定他的目标，所以选 C 项。3G 根据本段主题句“Help keep goals achievable”和空后所举的例子可推知，父母在孩子的目标太大不能实现的情况下，可以帮助其分解目标从而逐步实现目标，所以选 G 项。4B 根据空后的“Help your child write down his goals in an easytofollow form”可知，确定目标之后，要让孩子把目标写下来，便于提醒和及时查看，所以选 B 项。5D 根据空前的“A really simple way is to hav
42、e your child draw a ladder on a piece of paper，writing his goal at the top and each step to that goal on the rungs(梯级)”可知，爬向顶端就意味着离目标更近了，所以选 D 项。Passage 2 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2016沈阳高三质检)Eyes can speak Much meaning can be conveyed clearly with our eyes，so it is often said that e
43、yes can speak._6_In a bus you may look at a stranger，but not for too long.And if he senses that you are staring at him，he may feel uncomfortable.The same is true in our daily life.If you are stared at for more than necessary，you will look at yourself up and down to see if there is anything wrong wit
44、h you._7_Eyes do speak，right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be rude and aggressive._8_If a man stares at a woman for more than 10 seconds and refuses to look away from her，his intentions are obvious.He wishes to attract her attention and let her know that he is admiring her.However，when two
45、 people are engaged in a conversation，the speaker will only look into the listeners eyes from time to time to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking._9_If a speaker 5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”11/17 looks at you continuously when speaking as if trying to control you，you will
46、feel awkward.A poor liar usually exposes himself by looking too long at the victim.He wrongly believes that looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication._10_ Actually，eye contact should be made based on specific relationships and situations.AOn the contrary，it will give him away.BDo
47、 you have such kind of experience?CThats what normal eye contact is all about.DActually，continuous eye contact is limited to lovers only.EAfter all，nobody likes to be stared at for quite a long time.FBut things are different when it comes to staring at the opposite sex.GIf nothing goes wrong，you wil
48、l feel annoyed at being stared at that way.【语篇解读】本文主要举例论证了“眼睛能说话”这一观点。6B 根据空后的“In a bus you may look at a stranger.feel uncomfortable”可知，应选 B 项。空后的话是对 B 项的回答。7G 根据空前的“to see if there is anything wrong with you”可知，应选 G项。G 项中的“If nothing goes wrong”是对上文的承接与呼应。8F 根据空后的“If a man stares at a woman for mo
49、re than 10 seconds”可知，应选 F 项。F 项中的“when it comes to staring at the opposite sex”引出了下文。9C 空前的“to make sure that the listener does pay attention to what the former is speaking”与空后的“as if trying to control you”是两种不同的眼神交流的例子。由“you will feel awkward”可知，空前说的是正常的眼神交流。故选 C 项。10A 根据空前的“He wrongly believes th
50、at looking.honest communication”可知，应选 A 项。A 项的 it 代指“looking straight in the eye”。Passage 3 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为5逻辑-攻克阅读“七选五”12/17 多余选项。(2016 福建毕业班单科检查)Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments.Performing experiments is very important in the field of ps