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1、2021 年秦皇岛市第九中学高三英语上学期期中试题及参考答案 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A No one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it.but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium(千年)AD.The Diamond Sutra(金刚经)
2、,a Buddhist book from Dunhuang,China during the Tang Dynasty,is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing(雕版印刷),which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng.He wa
3、s fromYingshan,Hubei,China,living from 970 to 1051 AD.His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused.The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that
4、was pressed against an iron plate.The earliest mention of Bi Shengs printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays,written in 1086 by Shen Kuo,who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Shengs typefaces(字体)after his death.Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the textu
5、re is inconsistent(不一致的)and absorbs wetness too easily.By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty,which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD,books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants.Large printed book collections also b
6、ecame a status symbol for the wealthy class.1.When was Bi Shengs printing press first introduced in history?A.After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.B.When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.C.After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.D.WhenT
7、he Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.2.What can we infer from the passage?A.Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.B.The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.C.Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.D.By the Southern Song Dynasty,books had helped peop
8、le get to higher social positions.3.Why does the author write this passage?A.To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.B.To introduce the early history of printing.C.To memorize Bi Sheng,developing the moveable type printing.D.To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.B Portra
9、its as Art According to a dictionary,portraiture is“a representation(描绘)of a person,especially of the face by drawing or painting alikeness.”However,this definition neglects the complexities of portraiture.Portraits are works of art that engage with ideas of identity rather than just a likeness.Thes
10、e concepts of identity involve social rank,gender,age,profession,character of the subject,etc.It is impossible to copy all the aspects of identity.Therefore,portraits reflect only certain qualities of subjects.Portrait art has also undergone significant shifts in artistic practice.The majority of po
11、rtraits are the outcome of current artistic fashions and favored styles.Therefore,portrait art is an art category providing various engagement with social,psychological,and artistic practices and expectations.Since portraits are different from other art categories,they are worthy of separate study.D
12、uring their production,portraits require the presence of a specific person,or an image of the individual.In many instances,the production of portraiture has required sittings,which result in interaction between the subject(s)and the artist throughout the creation of the work.In certain instances,por
13、trait artists depended on a combination of different involvement with their subjects.If the sitter cant sit in the studio regularly,portraitists could use his or her photographs.InEurope,during the seventeenth and eighteenth century,the sitting time was sometimes decreased by focusing only on the he
14、ad.Theoretically,portraitists could work from impressions or memories when creating a painting,but this rarely occurred according to documented records.Nonetheless,whether the work is based on model sittings,copying a photograph,or using memory,the process of painting a portrait is linked with the m
15、odels attendance.Furthermore,portrait painting can be distinguished from other artistic categories by its connection with appearance,or likeness.As such,the art of portrait painting got a reputation for imitation instead of for artistic innovation.Based on Renaissance art theory,portraiture was rela
16、ted to the level of a mechanical exercise as opposed to a fine art.Michelangelos well-known protest against portraits is only one example.During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,the attitude to portraiture was critical.Even so,artists from around the globe persisted in painting portraits despi
17、te their theoretical objections.Picasso,for example,became widely-known forcubist still-life painting(立体派静物画)early in his career,but some of his early experiments in this new style were his portraits of art dealers.4.What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us?A.The changing definition of portraiture refle
18、cts shifting attitudes to it.B.Most portraits reflect artistic fashions and favored styles when created.C.Portraiture is a more complex art form than is defined in a dictionary.D.Portrait art shouldnt be seen as a distinct art category for its complexity.5.Which of the following is a characteristic
19、of portraiture mentioned in paragraph 2?A.Portraiture typically takes much less time than other art forms.B.Portraiture often requires frequent cooperation between artists.C.Portraits show models in a more accurate way than other art forms.D.Portraits generally involve interaction between subjects a
20、nd artists.6.According to paragraph 2,during portraits production,artists _.A.based their work on the subjects attendance B.preferred models photographs to their presence C.were more willing to use impressions or memories D.reduced sitting time to concentrate on a sitters head 7.Picasso is chosen as
21、 an example by the author because he _.A.altered the way other artists felt about portrait art B.created portraits in spite of his objection to portrait art C.depended on portrait art to establish a higher reputation D.had fewer theoretical objections to portraitures than others C It might have been
22、 Jimmy Kimmel,or any other sharp-tongued talk show hosts of late-night TV.In this instance,it was Samantha Bee,stating her opposition to childhood vaccinations humorously.“Who are you going to believe?”she asked.“Leading authorities on medical science,or 800 comments on your cousins Facebook page?”J
23、oking about science can have serious effects,according to studies by communication scholars.Accordingly,since 2013,Paul,a psychological professor,has conducted studies of how satire(讥讽)can influence peoples beliefs about science,which have shown that if you want to interest people in science and sha
24、pe their views on hot-button science issues,satirical humor can work better.Many Americans pay little attention to science.Even people who regularly watch TV news receive only scraps of science information in their media diet,because mainstream media outlets devote so little airtime to the subject.O
25、n top of that,some Americans may regard science as inaccessible.Yet satirical humor can reach viewers who would never watch NOVA or read well,National Geographic.Millions of people watch late-night television programs live,and videos of these shows get millions of views on streaming services.In 2016
26、,a vote conducted by the University of Delaware Center indicated that nearly one in 10 said they learned about science from late-night television shows.Late-night hosts may occasionally poke fun at scientists.More often,however,the hosts promote a positive image of science.By making science entertai
27、ning to audience with little knowledge of the topic,late-night television could spark science engagement.Furthermore,the researchers concluded that satirical shows had the biggest impact among the least educated viewers,thus helping to narrow a gap in attention to science.Though late-night satirical
28、 humor can boost science interest and awareness,it has its limits.Science is complex,and conveying that complexity in a few minutes while telling jokes can be a challenge.8.What does Pauls studies of joking about science indicate?A.It may do serious damage to science.B.It can effectively popularize
29、science.C.It totally changes peoples attitude to science.D.It will shift peoples attention from entertainment to science.9.Why do TV watchers receive a little science information?A.Because they enjoy watching entertainments.B.Because science is not easy to come up with.C.Because they find no interes
30、t in science issues.D.Because science is scarcely seen on mainstream media.10.What do we know about the late-night shows involving science?A.The hosts get used to playing tricks on scientists.B.The hosts aim is to build a positive image of science.C.Education gap can be bridged through late-night sh
31、ows.D.Science participation can be promoted among their viewers.11.Whats the authors attitude towards combining science with satire?A.Critical.B.Objective.C.Positive.D.Negative.D When a United Kingdomsupermarket chain promised to move its farms to Net Zero by 2030,it made it clear that the effort wo
32、uld require working on many different fronts.From energy consumption and land-use change to methane emissions(甲烷排放),cattle farming comes with environmental challenges.So even if recent studies suggesting its possible to cut methane emissions 80%do turn out to be accurate,theres still a very long way
33、 to go for most cattle farming to get anywhere close to truly net zero.Organic Valley,when producing milk,might be closer to that goal.It made headlines in 2019 by going 100%renewable(可再生的).Now the company is expanding on that tradition by starting a major loan initiative(贷款计划)to help its farm suppl
34、iers adopt renewable energy too.Created with Clean Energy Credit Union,the$1 million loan fund will deliver loans at below-marketrates.Specifically,the money will be made available to Organic Valleys 1,700 farmer members,and can be used for a variety of projects.“We are focused on a whole systems ap
35、proach to renewable energy,and Im excited to launch this energy loan fund.From the farm to the shelf,I see renewable energy playing a bigger role in organic food,”said Bob Kirchoff,Organic Valley CEO.“Organic Valley is already helping to protect the environment through organic farming practices,and
36、now they re going one step further by supporting the introduction of renewable energy projects for their farmer members,”said Blake Jones,volunteer board chair of Clean Energy Credit Union.“In addition to the environmental benefits,we re eager to help family farmers throughout the world to lower the
37、ir energy costs.”The world is not short of examples of farmers innovating in the field of renewable energy.Whats encouraging about Organic Valleys announcement is the idea of a national brand putting its marketing and financing weight behind such efforts and,hopefully,creating consumer demand that p
38、ushes the rest of the industry in this direction too.12.What does paragraph 1 indicate about going net zero for cattle farming?A It is not easy to achieve B.It is common in the UK C.It is an impractical goal D.It meets no challenges 13.What is Organic Valleys tradition according to the text?A.Helpin
39、g farm suppliers B.Using renewable energy C.Having a loan initiative D.Making headlines annually 14.What is Organic Valleys initiative mainly intended to do?A.Reform organic farming practices B.Make use of environmental benefits C.Help farmers decrease energy costs D.Shrink the group of farmer membe
40、rs 15.What is the authors attitude towards Organic Valleys initiative?A.Worried B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous D.Positive 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep,they die within
41、 a month._16_ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories._17_We know that,while awake,freshmemories are recorded by reinforcing(加强)connections between brain cells,but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved
42、 so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the braincan be weakened overnight,making room for fresh memories to form the next day._18_ Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right._19_The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those tak
43、en before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right,it would explain why,when we miss a nights,we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also su
44、ggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size._20_“You keep what matters,”Tononi says.A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B.Its as if the brain is preserv
45、ing its most important memories.C.Similarly,when people go for a few days without sleeping,they get sick.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay for l
46、earning,”says Giulio Tononi,who developed the idea.G.Tononis team measured the size of these connections,or synapses,in the brains of 12 mice.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 When I wanted to get into my little daughters room one evening,s
47、topped.Through the crack of the door,I saw her playing alone.In one hand was plastic_21_and in the other,a toy broom.I_22_calmly as she was speaking to her make-believe little friend and Ill never forget the words she said_23_it was Just a pretence（假装）.She said,Rosais in the corner because she hasnt
48、 been very_24_and quiet lately.She didnt listen to me or do what she should.In the corner I saw her baby doll.It was_25_that shed been put there to sit_26_and think by herself.My daughter went on with her _27_,as I sat down on the floor.She said Im_28_of all this.I really dont know how to_29_her any
49、 more.She cries whenever I have to work and wants to play games,too.She never_30_me to do the things I just have to.She tries to help me with the dishes,but her arms cant reach.I dont have the energy to teach.I have much work to do and a big house to keep_31_.I dont have time to sit and play-underst
50、and what I mean?Later,I thought about making changes in my life as I listened to her_32_words that cut me like a knife.I didnt pay enough_33_to what I care most about.Id been caught up in responsibilities that_34_throughout the year.But now my_35_has greatly changed because in my heart I realize tha