《2021届上海松江区古松学校高三英语下学期期中试卷及答案解析.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021届上海松江区古松学校高三英语下学期期中试卷及答案解析.pdf（10页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2021 届上海松江区古松学校高三英语下学期期中试卷及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A When the sun shines brightly,it provides a great chance to get outdoor things done.Like making hay!At least,that is what farmers from the past would say.Make hay while the sun shines.T
2、his idiom is very old,dating back to Medieval times.Rain would often ruin the process of making hay.So,farmers had no choice but to make hay when the sun was shining.Today,we all use this expression,not just farmers.When conditions are perfect to get something done,we can say,Its a good idea to make
3、 hay while the sun shines.In other words,you are taking advantage of a good situation or of good conditions.You are making the most of your opportunities.These all mean making hay while the sun shines.And sometimes we use this expression to mean we beat someone to the punch,or we got ahead of someon
4、e else.And other times you make hay while the sun shines to make good use of the chance to do something while it lasts.You are being opportunistic taking advantage of a good opportunity.For example,my friend Ozzy was sick for a week and could not go to work.So,his co-worker Sarah-who doesnt like him
5、-took advantage of his illness and stole his project!Talk about making hay while the sun shines.Sometimes when you make hay while the sun shines you are staying ahead of a problem like in this example:Hey,do you want to go hiking with me and my friends this weekend?The weather is going to be beautif
6、ul!I wish I could.But I have to finish my taxes.Its the last weekend before theyre due.Oh,thats too bad.Wait.What about your taxes?My taxes are done.I was off from work a couple of weeks ago and made hay while the sun shined.I got all of it done!I wish I would have taken advantage of my time off las
7、t week_1_All I did was lay around thehouse.And thats all the time we have for these Words and Their Stories.But join us again next week.You can listen while youre making dinner or riding to work.Yeah,make hay while the sun shines.1.Which of the following best matches make hay whilethe sun shines in
8、paragraph 2?A.Sow nothing,reap nothing.B.Sharp tools make good work.C.Strike while the iron is hot.D.One swallow doesnt make a summer.2.According to the underlined sentence,what feeling does the speaker express?A.Admirable B.Regretful C.Annoyed D.Indifferent 3.Where is the passage probably taken fro
9、m?A.A radio program B.A magazine C.A brochure D.A novel B A growing body of research is revealing associations between birth defects(缺陷)and a fathers age,alcohol use and environmental factors,say researchers atGeorgetown University Medical Center.They say these defects result from epigenetic changes
10、 that can potentially affect multiple generations.The study,published in theAmerican Journal of Stem Cells,suggest both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring a common sense conclusion which science is only now beginning to demonstrate,says the studys senior investigator,Joanna K
11、itlinska,PhD,an associate professor in biochemistry,and molecular and cellular biology.“We know the nutritional,hormonal and psychological environment provided by the mother permanently influences organ structure,cellular response and gene expression in her offspring,”she says.“But our study shows t
12、he same thing to be true with fathers his lifestyle,and how old he is,can be reflected in molecules that control gene function,”she says.“In this way,a father can affect not only his immediate offspring,but future generations as well.”For example,a newborn can be diagnosed with fetal(胎儿的)alcohol spe
13、ctrum disorder(FASD),even though the mother has never consumed alcohol,Kitlinska says.“Up to 75 percent of children with FASD have biological fathers who are alcoholics,suggesting that preconceptual paternal alcohol consumption negatively impacts their offspring.”Advanced age of a father is correlat
14、ed with elevated rates of certain diseases,and birth defects in his children.A limited diet during a fathers preadolescence has been linked to reduced risk of cardiovascular death in his children and grandchildren.Paternal obesity is linked to enlarged fat cells,changes in metabolic regulation,diabe
15、tes,obesity and development of brain cancer.Psychosocial stress on the father is linked to defective behavioral traits in his offspring.And paternal alcohol use leads to decreased newborn birth weight,marked reduction in overall brain size and impaired cognitive function.“This new field of inherited
16、 paternal epigenetics needs to be organized into clinically applicable recommendations and lifestyle alternations,”Kitlinska says.“And to really understand the epigenetic influences of a child,we need to study the interplay between maternal and paternal effects,as opposed to considering each in isol
17、ation.”4.Whats the message the writer conveys in the passage?A.Both parents contribute to the health status of their offspring.B.Fathers age and lifestyle are tied to birth defects.C.Father plays a more critical role in birth defects.D.Birth defects can potentially affect multiple generations.5.What
18、 can we infer from the example in Paragraph 5?A.FASD can only be diagnosed in a newborn whose father is addicted to alcohol.B.A newborn will not contract FASD if his mother has never consumed alcohol.C.A fathers lifestyle can negatively impact his offspring.D.Most children have biological fathers wh
19、o are alcoholics.6.Which of the following situations is less likely to lead to childrens birth defects?A.Having a father with a limited diet.B.Having a father who is an alcoholic.C.Having an overweight father.D.Having a father with psychosocial stress.7.What will the research probably continue to fo
20、cus on in the part that follows?A.The maternal epigenetic influences of a child.B.The ways to avoid negative paternal influence on children.C.The clinical application of the research findings.D.The interaction between maternal and paternal effects.C There are similarities and differences between hig
21、h school life and college life.For one thing,there are several similarities between high school life and collegelife.First,the most important task in high school and college is both studying.Studying is the most important as a student.Second,we need a goal to fight for in both high school life and c
22、ollege life.To lead a meaningful life,we have to set up a goal to achieve.For another,there are also some differences between high school life and college life.First,our studying is also the biggest difference.In high school,we are required to follow our teachers steps and finish theirassignmentseve
23、ry day.While in college,there are no teachers giving such detailed requirements to us and we can choose study or not according to our own willing.What and how to study totally depends on us.Therefore,the ability of self-control is very important in college life.Second,the flexibility(灵活性)of time is
24、another difference.In high school,we have no much leisure except for our time of study.However,in college,we have much controlled by ourselves except the time of classes.And we have more time to do what we like.Finally,college lifeis much more various and richer.Besides study,we can attend many othe
25、r activities,which make our college life more wonderful.In brief,there are both similarities and differences between high school life and college life.However,no matter we are in which period,we need to make full use of every day so that we will never feel regretful.8.Why do students need a goal to
26、fight in high school and college?A.To enter a good college.B.To avoid living a meaningless life.C.To develop the ability of control.D.To meet their parents satisfaction.9.What does the underlined word“assignments”in paragraph 3 probably mean?A.Projects.B.Tasks.C.Goals.D.Dreams.10.Which is the correc
27、t structure of the passage?A.-B.-C.-D.-11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.College Life B.High School Life C.High School and College D.High School Life and College Life D If you easily make mistakes when in a hurry,a new study from Michigan State Universitythe largest of i
28、ts kind to date-found that meditation(冥想)could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation(OMM)or,meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in ones mind and bodyalteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recogniti
29、on.“Peoples interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.”said Jeff Lin,MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author.“But its amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity
30、in non-meditators.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object,commonly your breath,but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,”Lin said,“It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body.The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to
31、 where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authorsWilliam Eckerle,Ling Peng and Jason Moserhired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants,who had never meditated be
32、fore,were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography(脑电图),or EEG.Then,they completed a computerized distraction(分心)test.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level,so we got precise measu
33、res of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,”Lin said.“A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity,which is linked to conscious error recognition.We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to
34、 controls.”“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brains ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,”Moser said.12.What does the underlined word“altered”in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Changed.B.Prevented.C.Started.D.Recorded.13.Why is open
35、monitoring meditation different?A.It is just aimed at a single object.B.It clears your mind of everything.C.It gets too caught up in the scenery.D.It focuses on where the mind travels.14.What did the researchers do for the study A.They hired people who had meditated before.B.They measured the partic
36、ipants brain activity.C.They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D.They had non-meditators design a distraction test.15.What is the best title for the text?A.Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a Hurry B.Youre Able to Recognize Errors Consciously C.Meditators Brain Proves Much More Active D.OMM Can
37、 Help You Make Fewer Mistakes 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 What can help us when we fail?Failure is a part of life since our earliest moment of life.We often think of failure as something bad._16_,whichis neither bad nor good.However,what can help us when we f
38、ail?Dont be afraid of failure _17_.If we never fail at something,we probably havent learned all that life has to teach us.So failure means taking something away from the experience.Never stop trying Trying or learning something new is often half the battle,dont give up trying.You may get disappointe
39、d because of failure._18_ _19_ Nobody can be our safety nets all the time in our livesonly we can act as our own safety nets.Become your own best friend,do everything that you can possibly do for yourself.Dont look back We spend too much of our lives looking back.Theres nothing back there to see._20
40、_and Im sure that youII find yourself in a better position.A.Try to avoid failure B.Failure is how we learn C.Learn to depend on ourselves D.We are often unwilling to accept our failure E.But failure is a normal and natural part of life F.But if you give up,your progress will come to an end G.Spend
41、just 10 percent more of your time looking forward to what life holds for you in the future 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 It was just after sunrise on a June morning.“Nicolo,”whose real name cannot be_21_to the public because of Italys p
42、rivacy laws,finished working thewhole_22_at a factory in Turin.As he often did,he slopped by the“after work auction（拍卖）”_23_by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the_24_bidder（竞拍者）.There，among many other things,Nicolo_25_twopaintings he thought would look nice above his
43、 dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder_26_until Nicolo finally won the paintings for$32.When Nicolo retired and wentto live in Sicily,he brought the paintings with him.They were_27_above the same table he had moved from Turin.His_28_,age 15,who had_29_an art appreciation class,thought that the
44、re was something_30_about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.It was signed“Bonnato”or so he thought,but when he_31_it,he only found“Bonnard,”a(n)_32_painter he hadnt heard of at all.He bought a book and was_33_to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair
45、in the same_34_as his fathers painting.“Thats the garden in our picture.”The son told his father.They_35_learned that the painting they_36_was calledThe Girl with Two Chairs.They studied_37_painting and learned that it was_38_Paul Gauguins“Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”The_39_call
46、ed the Italian Culture Ministry;the official confirmed that the two paintings were_40_and worth as much as$50 million.21.A.exposed B.shared C.attached D.subscribed 22.A.noon B.afternoon C.dusk D.night 23.A.attended B.cancelled C.reserved D.run 24.A.highest B.lowest C.quickest D.slowest 25.A.hid B.sp
47、otted C.observed D.robbed 26.A.battled B.debated C.discussed D.bargained 27.A.held up B.set up C.pushed up D.put up 28.A.brother B.son C.nephew D.neighbor 29.A.missed B.failed C.taken D.led 30.A.fond B.unusual C.addictive D.natural 31.A.computed B.witnessed C.researched D.treasured 32.A.capable B.br
48、illiant C.unknown D.significant 33.A.amazed B.expected C.anxious D.prepared 34.A.room B.kitchen C.hall D.garden 35.A.frequently B.confidently C.eventually D.mentally 36.A.owned B.borrowed C.sold D.ruined 37.A.others B.another C.the one D.the other 38.A.entirely B.actually C.particularly D.specifical
49、ly 39.A.girl B.artist C.family D.police 40.A.copies B.originals C.models D.presents 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 The hardships involved in building the Great Wall are beyond imagination.Large numbers of people had to leave their homes and families to go to the nort
50、h,_41._they worked hard for years.Of the legends about the Great Wall,the story of Lady Meng Jiang is the most_42._(move).Lady Meng Jiang lived during the reign of the First Emperor of Qin.After her husband_43._(call)up to build the Great Wall,she missed him so much_44._she traveled many miles to se