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1、Chapter 1 Accounting in Business QUICK STUDIES Q uick Study 1-1 a.E g.E b.E h.E c.I i.E d.E j.E e.E k.I f.I l.E Q uick Study 1-2(a)and(b)GAAP:Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Importance:GAAP are the rules that specify acceptable accounting practices.SEC:Securities and Exchange Commission Imp
2、ortance:The SEC is charged by Congress to set reporting rules for organizations that sell ownership shares to the public.The SEC delegates part of this responsibility to the FASB.FASB:Financial Accounting Standards Board Importance:FASB is an independent group of full-time members who are responsibl
3、e for setting accounting rules.IASB:International Accounting Standards Board.Importance:Its purpose is to issue standards that identify preferred practices in the desire of harmonizing accounting practices across different countries.The vast majority of countries and financial exchanges support its
4、activities and objectives.McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Solutions Manual,Chapter 1 1Q uick Study 1-3 Accounting professionals practice in at least four main areas.These four areas,along with a listing of some work opportunities in each,are:1.Financial accounting Preparation Analysis Auditing(external)C
5、onsulting Investigation 2.Managerial accounting Cost accounting Budgeting Auditing(internal)Consulting 3.Tax accounting Preparation Planning Regulatory Consulting Investigation 4.Accounting-related Lending Consulting Analyst Investigator Appraiser Q uick Study 1-4 Internal controls serve several pur
6、poses:They involve monitoring an organizations activities to promote efficiency and to prevent wrongful use of its resources.They help ensure the validity and credibility of accounting reports.They are often crucial to effective operations and reliable reporting.More generally,the absence of interna
7、l controls can adversely affect the ffectiveness of domestic and global financial markets.e Examples of internal controls include cash registers with internal tapes or drives,scanners at doorways to identify tagged products,overhead video cameras,security guards,and many others.McGraw-Hill Companies
8、,2009 Fundamental Accounting Principles,19th Edition 2 uick Study 1-5 Q a.Revenue recognition principle b.Cost principle(also called historical cost)c.Business entity assumption Q uick Study 1-6 The choice of an accounting method when more than one alternative method is acceptable often has ethical
9、implications.This is because accounting information can have major impacts on individuals(and firms)ell-being.w To illustrate,many companies base compensation of managers on the amount of reported income.When the choice of an accounting method affects the amount of reported income,the amount of comp
10、ensation is also affected.Similarly,if workers in a division receive bonuses based on the divisions income,its computation has direct financial implications for hese individuals.t Q uick Study 1-7 Assets =Liabilities +Equity$375,000(a)$125,000$250,000$250,000(b)$90,000$160,000$185,000$60,000(c)$125,
11、000 Q uick Study 1-8 Assets =Liabilities +Equity$500,000 (a)$180,000$320,000$450,000$900,000 (b)(b)$450,000 Q uick Study 1-9 a.For September 30,2006,the account and its dollar amount(in millions)for Apple are:(1)Assets=$17,205(2)Liabilities=$7,221(3)Equity=$9,984McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Solutions
12、Manual,Chapter 1 3Quick Study 1-9continued b.Using Apples amounts from(a)we verify that(in millions):Assets=Liabilities+Equity$17,205=$7,221+$9,984 Quick Study 1-10 Code:Income statement(I),Balance sheet(B),Statement of owners equity(OE),or Statement of cash flows(CF).a.B d.CF g.B b.I e.I h.CF c.B f
13、.B i.OE(and CF*)*The more advanced student might know that this item would also appear in CF.EXERCISES Exercise 1-1(20 minutes)External users and some questions they seek to answer with accounting nformation include:i 1.Shareholders(investors),who seek answers to questions such as:a.Are resources ow
14、ned by a business adequate to carry out plans?b.Are the debts owed excessive in amount?c.What is the current level of income(and its components)?2.Creditors,who seek answers for questions such as:a.Does the business have the ability to repay its debts?b.Can the business take on additional debt?c.Are
15、 resources sufficient to cover current amounts owed?3.Employees,who seek answers to questions such as:a.Is the business financially stable?b.Can the business afford to pay higher salaries?c.What are growth prospects for the organization?Internal users and some ways they use accounting information on
16、 their obs include:j McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Fundamental Accounting Principles,19th Edition 4 1.Research and development managers,who need information on projected costs and revenues of any proposed changes in products or services.2.Purchasing managers,who need to know what,when,and how much to p
17、urchase.3.Human resource managers,who need information about employees payroll,benefits,performance,and compensation.4.Production managers,who depend on information to monitor costs and ensure quality.5.Distribution managers,who need reports for timely,accurate,and efficient delivery of products and
18、 services.Exercise 1-2(10 minutes)1.C 5.B 2.C 6.A 3.A 7.B 4.A 8.B Exercise 1-3(20 minutes)a.Auditing professionals with competing audit clients are likely to learn valuable information about each client that the other clients would benefit from knowing.In this situation the auditor must take care to
19、 maintain the confidential nature of information about each client.b.Accounting professionals who prepare tax returns can face situations where clients wish to claim deductions they cannot substantiate.Also,clients sometimes exert pressure to use methods not allowed or questionable under the law.Iss
20、ues of confidentiality also arise when these professionals have access to clients personal records.c.Managers face several situations demanding ethical decision making in their dealings with employees.Examples include fairness in performance evaluations,salary adjustments,and promotion recommendatio
21、ns.They can also include avoiding any perceived or real harassment of employees by the manager or any other employees.It can also include issues of confidentiality regarding personal information known to managers.McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Solutions Manual,Chapter 1 5d.Situations involving ethical d
22、ecision making in coursework include performing independent work on examinations and individually completing assignments/projects.It can also extend to promptly returning reference materials so others can enjoy them,and to properly preparing for class to efficiently use the time and question period
23、to not detract from others instructional benefits.Exercise 1-4(10 minutes)Code Description Principle or Assumption E 1.Usually created by a pronouncement from an authoritative body.Specific accounting principle G 2.Financial statements reflect the assumption that the business continues operating.Goi
24、ng-concern assumption A 3.Derived from long-used and generally accepted accounting practices.General accounting principle C 4.Every business is accounted for separately from its owner or owners.Business entity assumption D 5.Revenue is recorded only when the earnings process is complete.Revenue reco
25、gnition principle B 6.Information is based on actual costs incurred in transactions.Cost principle F 7.A company reports details behind financial statements that would influence users decisions.Full disclosure principle H 8.A company records the expenses incurred to generate the revenue reported.Mat
26、ching principle E xercise 1-5(10 minutes)a.Sole proprietorship e.Corporation b.Corporation f.Partnership c.Sole proprietorship g.Sole proprietorship d.Corporation E xercise 1-6(10 minutes)Assets=Liabilities+Equity(a)$180,000=$164,000+$16,000$90,000=$39,000+(b)$51,000$201,000=(c)$139,000+$62,000 McGr
27、aw-Hill Companies,2009 Fundamental Accounting Principles,19th Edition 6 E xercise 1-7(10 minutes)1.D 4.F 2.G 5.A 3.C Exercise 1-8(20 minutes)a.Using the accounting equation:Assets=Liabilities+Equity$137,000=$110,000+?Thus,equity=$27,000 b.Using the accounting equation at the beginning of the year:As
28、sets=Liabilities+Equity$259,000=?+$194,250 Thus,beginning liabilities=$64,750 Using the accounting equation at the end of the year:Assets=Liabilities+Equity$259,000+$80,000=$64,750+$52,643+?$339,000=$117,393+?Thus,ending equity=$221,607 Alternative approach to solving part(b):Assets($80,000)=Liabili
29、ties($52,643)+Equity(?)where“”refers to“change in.”Thus:Ending Equity=$194,250+$27,357=$221,607 c.Using the accounting equation at the end of the year:Assets=Liabilities+Equity$190,000 =$57,000-$16,000+?$190,000=$41,000+$149,000 Using the accounting equation at the beginning of the year:Assets=Liabi
30、lities+Equity$190,000-$60,000=$57,000 +?$130,000=$57,000+?Thus:Beginning Equity =$73,000 McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Solutions Manual,Chapter 1 7E xercise 1-9(15 minutes)Examples of transactions that fit each case include:a.Business purchases equipment(or some other asset)on credit.b.Business signs a
31、 note payable to extend the due date on an account payable.c.Business pays an account payable(or some other liability)with cash(or some other asset).d.Business purchases office supplies(or some other asset)for cash(or some other asset).e.Business incurs an expense that is not yet paid(for example,wh
32、en employees earn wages that are not yet paid).f.Owner(s)invest cash(or some other asset)in the business;OR,the business earns revenue and accepts cash(or another asset).g.Cash withdrawals(or some other asset)paid to the owner(s)of the business;OR,the business incurs an expense paid in cash.E xercis
33、e 1-10(15 minutes)REAL ANSWERS Income Statement For Month Ended October 31 Revenues Consulting fees earned.$14,000 Expenses Salaries expense.$5,600 Rent expense.2,520 Telephone expense.760 Miscellaneous expenses.580 Total expenses.9,460 Net income.$4,540 E xercise 1-11(15 minutes)REAL ANSWERS Statem
34、ent of Owners Equity For Month Ended October 31 K.King,Capital,October 1.$0 Add:Investments by owner.84,360 McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Fundamental Accounting Principles,19th Edition 8 Net income(from Exercise 1-13).4,540 88,900 Less:Withdrawals by owner.2,000 K.King,Capital,October 31.$86,900 E xerc
35、ise 1-12(15 minutes)REAL ANSWERS Balance Sheet October 31 Assets Liabilities Cash.$11,500 Accounts payable.$25,037 Accounts receivable.12,000 Office supplies.24,437 Equity Office equipment.18,000 Land.46,000 K.King,Capital*.86,900Total assets.$111,937 Total liabilities and equity.$111,937 *For the c
36、omputation of this amount see Exercise 1-14.Exercise 1-13(15 minutes)REAL ANSWERS Statement of Cash Flows For Month Ended October 31 Cash flows from operating activities 1Cash received from customers.$2,000 Cash paid to employees2.(5,000)Cash paid for rent.(2,520)Cash paid for telephone expenses.(76
37、0)Cash paid for miscellaneous expenses.(580)Net cash used by operating activities.(6,860)Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of office equipment.(18,000)Net cash used by investing activities.(18,000)Cash flows from financing activities McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Solutions Manual,Chapter 1
38、9Investments by owner.38,360 Withdrawals by owner.(2,000)Net cash provided by financing activities.36,360 Net increase in cash.$11,500 Cash balance,October 1.0 Cash balance,October 31.$11,500 1$14,000 Consulting Fees Earned-$12,000 Accounts Receivable 2$5,600 Salaries Expense-$600 still owed=$5,000
39、paid to employees.Exercise 1-14(10 minutes)O 1.Cash paid for rent O 5.Cash paid for advertising O 2.Cash paid on an account payable O 6.Cash paid for wages F 3.Cash investments by owner F 7.Cash withdrawal by owner O 4.Cash received from clients I 8.Cash purchase of equipment McGraw-Hill Companies,2
40、009 Fundamental Accounting Principles,19th Edition 10 McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Solutions Manual,Chapter 1 11PROBLEM SET A Problem 1-2A(25 minutes)Balance Sheet Income StatementStatement of Cash Flows Transaction Total Assets TotalLiab.TotalEquityNet Income Operating ActivitiesFinancing Activities
41、Investing Activities1 Owner invests cash in business +2 Receives cash for services provided +3 Pays cash for employee wages 4 Incurs legal costs on credit +5 Borrows cash by signing L-T note payable +6 Buys land by signing note payable +7 Provides ser-vices on credit +8 Buys office equipment for cas
42、h +/9 Collects cash on receivable from(7)+/+10 Owner withdraws cash McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Fundamental Accounting Principles,19th Edition 12 Problem 1-9A(60 minutes)Parts 1 and 2 Assets=Liabilities+Equity Cash+Accounts Receivable+Office Supplies+Office Equipment+Building=AccountsPayable+Notes Pa
43、yable+I.Lopez,Capital-I.Lopez,Withdrawals+Reve-nues-Expen-ses a.+$67,000 +$11,000+$78,000 b.-15,000 +$144,000+$129,000 Bal.52,000 +11,000+144,000=+129,000+78,000 c.-12,000 +12,000 Bal.40,000 +23,000+144,000=+129,000+78,000 d.+$1,000+1,700+$2,700 Bal.40,000 +1,000+24,700+144,000=2,700+129,000+78,000
44、e.-460 -$460 Bal.39,540 +1,000+24,700+144,000=2,700+129,000+78,000-460 f.+$2,400 +$2,400 Bal.39,540+2,400+1,000+24,700+144,000=2,700+129,000+78,000+2,400-460 g.+4,000 +4,000 Bal.43,540+2,400+1,000+24,700+144,000=2,700+129,000+78,000+6,400-460 h.-3,025 -$3,025 Bal.40,515+2,400+1,000+24,700+144,000=2,
45、700+129,000+78,000-3,025+6,400-460 i.+1,800-1,800 Bal.42,315+600+1,000+24,700+144,000=2,700+129,000+78,000-3,025+6,400-460 j.-500 -500 Bal.41,815+600 +1,000+24,700+144,000=2,200+129,000+78,000-3,025+6,400-460 k.-1,800 -1,800 Bal.$40,015+$600 +$1,000+$24,700+$144,000=$2,200+$129,000+$78,000-$3,025+$6,400-$2,260 Problem 1-9A(Concluded)Part 3 Wiz Consultings net income=$6,400-$2,260=$4,140 McGraw-Hill Companies,2009 Solutions Manual,Chapter 1 13