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1、Definition陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.虚语语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。第1页/共65页1.虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。第2页/共65页if引导的虚拟条件句第3页/共65页区别:Ifitr
2、ainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陈述语气Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气第4页/共65页If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句第5页/共65页If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/m
3、ight+动词完成式（havedone）Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句第6页/共65页与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.
4、如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形第7页/共65页Ifyou_tomorrow,you_findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents_atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hada
5、rrivedD.hasarrived第8页/共65页Ifhe_he_thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken第9页/共65页Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.ca
6、meD.hadcomeIfmylawyer_herelastSunday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented第10页/共65页倒装的If虚拟句第11页/共65页条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthef
7、ilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.第12页/共65页_theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.
8、IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive_itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will第13页/共65页wish引导的虚拟句第14页/共65页I wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain to
9、morrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were现在haddone过去would/might/coulddo将来第15页/共65页5.If only(1)要是就好了=I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with u
10、s!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我没错过火车就好了.第16页/共65页Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_.”A.hadB.didC.haveD.willIdidntgototheparty,butIdowishI_there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee 第17页/共65页-Heisabraveman.-Yes,IwishI_hisc
11、ourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach第18页/共65页Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI_toit.A.hadntgoneB.haventgoneC.didntgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI_that!Everybodypresentwasangrywit
12、hme.A.didntgoB.hadntdoneC.wouldntdoD.wasntdoing第19页/共65页asif/though第20页/共65页 区别：HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陈述语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虚拟语气第21页/共65页2.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnited
13、States.would+动词原形(将来)第22页/共65页虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood时间时间条件从句条件从句 if主句主句过去过去haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone现在现在did/werewould/should/could/mightdo将来将来1.shoulddo2.weretodo3.did退一步海阔天空evenif/though,wish,ifonly等从句的虚拟与它相同。第23页/共65页名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词第24页/共65页如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhi
14、sadvice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.Ifithadntbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.第25页/共65页注意:主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句):有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。第26页/共65页I
15、f you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）第27页/共65页If you hadnt lent me some money,I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would b
16、e still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）第28页/共65页第29页/共65页suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)+v原的形式出现。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesa
17、ilors(should)getdowntoworkatonce.第30页/共65页Itssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以(should)+v原.的形式出现。ItsorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.Itsrequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.第31
18、页/共65页以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should)+v原.的形式出现。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftimeMyadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoften
19、aspossible第32页/共65页注意:当suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecisionHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeopleshealth.第33页/共65页虚拟语气特殊句型：第34页/共65页1.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时Iwouldratheryoupaidme
20、now.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.第35页/共65页注意:在主语would(had)ratherthat宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如:我真希望你告诉我真相。Idratheryoutoldmethetruth.我宁愿不再见着你。IdratherIdidntseeyouagain.我倒希望他们和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.第36页/共65页(1)对现在的虚拟,谓语动词用过去时(系动词用were),意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生.例如:他看
21、起来好象病了.Helooksasifhewereill.他感到他应该独自对发生的事情承担责任.Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.第37页/共65页(2)对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用had+过去分词,意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前.例如:她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样.ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterd
22、ay.第38页/共65页(3)对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用would+动词原形,意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后.例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs.Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak.第39页/共65页Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsarege
23、ttingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would第40页/共65页注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Itlooksasifyouaretired.第41页/共65页3.Its(about/high)time+that-过去时should+V.你该走了。Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。Itstimethatwewentt
24、obed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.第42页/共65页4.without和butfor构成虚拟。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.第43页/共65页5.If only(1)要是就好了=I wishIf only I knew his
25、 name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!第44页/共65页(2)=aslongas常用陈述语气.如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.第45页/共65页6.Its ne
26、cessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形It is important that we(should)master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.第46页/共65页7.otherwise和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswou
27、ld have fallenintothesea.Imgettingcold,otherwiseIwould keepher.Suppose(supposing)yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?第47页/共65页8.sothat与inorderthat二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit.Shelistenedcarefullyinord
28、erthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.第48页/共65页9.用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！May you be happy!祝你快乐！May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就 Long live the people!人民万岁！“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”第49页/共65
29、页含蓄条件句第50页/共65页非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:第51页/共65页1.条件暗含在短语中。如：WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中)Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中)Butforyourhelpwecouldnthavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含条件是butforyourhelp)第52页/共65页Thissamething,happenin
30、ginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.(条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中)Hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus,orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast.(暗含条件是连词or)Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.(暗含条件是alone)第53页/共65页2.条件暗含在上下文中。如：Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkeptt
31、rying)Yourreputationwouldberuined.(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)第54页/共65页3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：Youwouldntknow.你不会知道。Iwouldliketocome.我愿意来。Iwouldnthavedreamedofit.这是我做梦也不会想到的。Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathe
32、mighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样第55页/共65页1Hesuggestedthatthemeetingputoff.A.notbeB.shouldnotC.wouldntD.benot2Itisstrangethatheso.A.thinksB.thinkC.thoughtD.willthink3IwishImyuncleyesterday.A.metB.havemetC.wouldmeetD.hadmet4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6.A.wa
33、sfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished第56页/共65页5.She says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today.A.had B.should leave C.leaves D.left6.Its already 5 oclock now.Dont you think its about time_?A.we are going home B.if she leaves C.we went home D.if she had left第57页/共65页7Itshightimehehom
34、e.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoingtogo8yousucceedandyoubehealthy.A.MaymayB.WishwishC.HopehopeD.Shouldmay9Galileoinsistedthattheearthroundthesun.A.shouldmoveB.moveC.movesD.AorB第58页/共65页10IfonlyI_tomyparentsadvice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened11-Whydidntyoucometothepartyyesterday?-I_,buta
35、nunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.A.didB.wouldC.hadD.wasgoingto12Idratheryou_methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didnttellD.hadnttold第59页/共65页1.TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo-swimmingZonedrownedintheriver.IftheboyhadntgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldnthavedrownedintheriver.Hadtheboynotgoneswimminginth
36、eNo-swimmingZone,hewouldnthavedrownedintheriver.第60页/共65页2.Billywasbadlybittenbymosquitoesbecauseheforgottousethemosquitonetlastnight.IfBillyhadrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenbyHadBillyrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby第61页/共65页3.Themoth
37、ercarelesslyputtheknifewithinthebabysreach,andthebabycutherselfwhileplayingit.Ifthemotherhadcarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebabysreach,thebabywouldnthavecutherself.Hadthemothercarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebabysreach,thebabywouldnthavecutherself.第62页/共65页4.Thestudentsgotfood-poisoningaftereatingthepotatoe
38、sinthedining-room.Ifthestudentshadnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldnthavegotfood-poisoning.Hadthestudentsnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldnthavegotfood-poisoning.第63页/共65页5.Theparentsputthethermosontheground.Theirsonkickeditandgotburnt.Iftheparentshadputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldnthavekickeditandgotburnt.Hadtheparentsputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldnthavekickeditandgotburnt.第64页/共65页感谢您的观看！第65页/共65页