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1、一、被动语态的构成形式二、被动语态的各种句型三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义六、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义七、被动语态与系表结构的区别第1页/共24页一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）
2、has/have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed,and were ready to start.3）am/is/are being done 现在进行时例A new cinema is being built here第2页/共24页一、被动语态的构成形式4）was/were done 一般过去时I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）had been done 过去完成时 By the
3、 end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6）was/were being done 过去进行时A meeting was being held when I was there.7）shall/will be done/be going to be done/be about to be done/be to be to done一般将来时Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.第3页/共24页一、被动语态的构成形式8）should
4、/would be done/waswere going to be done/waswere about to be done/waswere to be to done 过去将来时The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9）shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）The project will have been completed before July.10）should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）He told me t
5、hat his new clothes would have been made very soon.第4页/共24页一、被动语态的构成形式2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given
6、 a present by his mother for his birthday.第5页/共24页一、被动语态的构成形式3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone
7、 saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.第6页/共24页一、被动语态的构成形式5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。I dont like being laughed at
8、 in the public.第7页/共24页二、被动语态的各种句型1.单宾语结构。Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.我们英语老师经常用录音机教英语。（主动语态）A tape-recorder is often used(by our English teacher)in teaching English.录音机经常用来教英语。第8页/共24页二、被动语态的各种句型2双宾语结构 这种结构可有两种被动语态句型，即分别用间接宾语和直接宾语作主语。The villagers gave the fore
9、ign guests warm welcome.（主动语态）The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.（被动1）A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.（被动2）第9页/共24页二、被动语态的各种句型3。复合宾语结构 这种结构只能将主动语态的宾语改作被动语态的主语。They heard someone singing in the next room.(主动)Someone was heard singing in the n
10、ext room.(被动)第10页/共24页二、被动语态的各种句型4.含情态动词的被动结构 含情态动词的句子其被动语态形式是“情态动词+be+过去分词”。The trees should be watered every day.这些树应每天浇水。This word can be pronounced in two ways.这个单词可以有两种发音。第11页/共24页二、被动语态的各种句型5短语动词结构 相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有被动语态，如 look after,give up,take care of,pay attention to,make use of,put off,wake
11、 up,put out 等。The children must be taken good care of.这些孩子必须得到好的照顾。The big fire has been put out.大火已被扑灭。第12页/共24页三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有：It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is
12、believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。第13页/共24页四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动
13、语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock（指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）第14页/共24页四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,take place,break out,come out,come about,come true,run out,give out,turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。How do the newspapers c
14、ome out?这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3.系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel,sound,taste,look,feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.第15页/共24页五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。1 在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房
15、子需要修理。2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）第16页/共24页六、介词六、介词in,on,under等等+名词构成介词短名词构成介词短语表被动意义语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。1.“under+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under contr
16、ol（受控制）,under treatment（在治疗中）,under repair（在修理中）,under discussion（在讨论中）,under construction（在施工中）。The building is under construction(is being constructed).第17页/共24页六、介词六、介词in,on,under等等+名词构成介词短名词构成介词短语表被动意义语表被动意义2“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎胜过、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief(令人难以置信)，beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one
17、s control（无法控制），beyond our hope 我们的成功始料不及。The rumour is beyond belief （=cant be believed）第18页/共24页六、介词六、介词in,on,under等等+名词构成介词短名词构成介词短语表被动意义语表被动意义3.“above+名词”结构,表示“(品质、行为、能力等)超过、高于”。His honest character is above all praise =His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名词”结构，表示“适于、为着”。如：for sal
18、e(出售),for rent（出租）等。That house is for sale.(=That house is to be sold).第19页/共24页六、介词六、介词in,on,under等等+名词构成介词短名词构成介词短语表被动意义语表被动意义5“in+名词”结构，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。The book is not yet in print =is not yet printed)6“on+名词”结构,表示“在从事 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）,on trial（受审
19、）。Today some treasures are on show in the museum(=are being showed).第20页/共24页六、介词六、介词in,on,under等等+名词构成介词短名词构成介词短语表被动意义语表被动意义7“out of+名词”结构；表示“超出 之外“，常见的有：out of control(控制不了)，out of sight（超出视线之外），out of ones reach(够不着),out of fashion(不流行)等。例 The plane was out of control(=cant be controlled)8“within
20、+名词”结构，“在内、不超过”。例He took two days off within the teachers permission第21页/共24页七、被动语态与系表结构的区别七、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。The glass is broken（系表结构）The glass was broken by the boy（被动语态）第22页/共24页七、被动语态与系表结构的区别七、被动语态与系表结构的区别2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。The door is locked（系表结构）The door has/already/just been locked（被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。The machine is being repaired第23页/共24页