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1、 名词名词 是词类的一种,也是实词是词类的一种,也是实词的一种,名词表示人或事物名称的一种,名词表示人或事物名称的词。的词。名名词词专有名词专有名词普普通通名名词词可数名词可数名词可数名词可数名词不可数不可数不可数不可数名词名词名词名词个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词第1页/共34页专有名词专有名词语法专项语法专项名词的功能名词的功能普通名词普通名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词名词的所有格名词的所有格名词的所有格名词的所有格第2页/共34页、表示某一、表示某一特定特定的人、月份、周、日、节的人、月份、周、日、节日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。日、地名、团体、机构、组织等。、表示、表示独一
2、无二独一无二的事物。的事物。、前面一般、前面一般不加冠词不加冠词。、首字母要、首字母要大写大写。专有名词专有名词第3页/共34页专有名词专有名词表示表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。名称(第一个字母要大写)。例:例:ChinaChina、AsiaAsia、BeijingBeijing、the Peoplethe Peoples s Republic of ChinaRepublic of China(中华人民共和国)。(中华人民共和国)。专有名词如果是含有名词短语,则必须使用定冠专有名词如果是含有名词短语,则必须使用定冠词
3、词thethe。如:。如:the Great Wallthe Great Wall(长城)。(长城)。姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:(复数含义)。如:the Greensthe Greens。第4页/共34页表示日子的专有名词表示日子的专有名词表示日子的专有名词表示日子的专有名词D December ecember 十二月十二月S Spring pring F Festival estival 春节春节 表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词A Asia sia 亚洲亚洲C China h
4、ina 中国中国B Beijing eijing 北京北京表示人的专有名词表示人的专有名词表示人的专有名词表示人的专有名词表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词表示地名的专有名词the the U United nited NNationsations联合国联合国T Tsinghua singhua U Universityniversity清华大清华大学学Y Yao ao MMing ing 姚明姚明NNewton ewton 牛顿牛顿B Beckham eckham 贝克汉姆贝克汉姆返回返回第5页/共34页普通名词普通名词、普通名词表示、普通名词表示一类人一类人、事物事物或
5、者或者抽象概抽象概念念的名称。的名称。、普通名词前面、普通名词前面可以加上可以加上不定冠词不定冠词a/an或者或者定冠词定冠词the,也可以不加也可以不加冠词。冠词。、普通名词分为、普通名词分为个体名词个体名词、集体名词集体名词、物物质名词质名词和和抽象名词抽象名词。个体名词个体名词使用时必须有使用时必须有数量关系。数量关系。第6页/共34页1 1 个体名词个体名词:表示个别人或事物。:表示个别人或事物。(car car 汽车汽车 fan fan 风扇风扇photo photo 照片)照片)2 2集体名词集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集体。:表示若干个体组成的集体。(people(people
6、人们人们 army army 军队军队 governmentgovernment政府政府)3 3复合名词复合名词:两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成:两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的复合词的复合词.可以将其看做一种固定形式。有些复合可以将其看做一种固定形式。有些复合名词中间带连字符,有些则没有。名词中间带连字符,有些则没有。(boy-friendboy-friend男友男友 passer-bypasser-by过路人过路人 highwayhighway高速公路高速公路 earthquake earthquake 地震地震)第7页/共34页4 4物质名词物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定:表示物质或不具
7、备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。形状和大小的个体的物质。(fire(fire 火火 steel steel 钢钢 air air 空气空气 water water 水水 milkmilk牛奶牛奶 )5 5抽象名词抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。或其他抽象概念。(labor(labor 劳动劳动 health health 健康健康 friendshipfriendship友情友情 patiencepatience耐力耐力 )返回返回第8页/共34页、可数名词有、可数名词有单数单数和和复数复数两种形式。两种形式。、单数名词与冠词、单数名词与冠词a/an连用。表示
8、数量为连用。表示数量为“一一”、可数名词、可数名词有复数形式有复数形式,表示数量,表示数量“大于一大于一”。可以。可以用数词来修饰复数名词用数词来修饰复数名词,来表示名词的,来表示名词的具具体数量体数量。如果要表示可数名词的。如果要表示可数名词的不确切的数量不确切的数量,可以用可以用some,many,a lot of等修饰。等修饰。可数名词可数名词第9页/共34页1 1、可数名词的复数形式变化规则、可数名词的复数形式变化规则(1 1)一般情况,在词尾加)一般情况,在词尾加-s-s。(2)(2)以以s/x/sh/chs/x/sh/ch结尾的名词,在词尾加结尾的名词,在词尾加-es-es。如:如
9、:boxboxboxes.boxes.(3)(3)以辅音字母以辅音字母+y y结尾的名词,结尾的名词,把把y y变变i i加加-es-es。如:如:storystorystories.stories.(4)(4)以以o o结尾的名词复数,结尾的名词复数,无生命的无生命的直接加直接加-s-s。如:如:zoos,photos,pianos.zoos,photos,pianos.有有生命的生命的potato,tomato,heropotato,tomato,hero等少数单词加等少数单词加-es.es.第10页/共34页(5)(5)以以f f或或fefe结尾的名词,把结尾的名词,把f/fef/fe去
10、掉,加去掉,加-ves-ves;但也有个别;但也有个别词例外。词例外。口诀:口诀:妻子妻子(wifewife)持刀持刀(knifeknife)去宰狼去宰狼(wolfwolf),小偷小偷(thiefthief)吓的发了慌。吓的发了慌。躲在架躲在架(shelfshelf)后保已命,半后保已命,半(halfhalf)片树叶片树叶(leafleaf)遮目光遮目光返回返回第11页/共34页 名词变复数的不规则变化第12页/共34页(1 1)有些名词的单数变复数不规则。如:)有些名词的单数变复数不规则。如:mousemousemicemice,toothtoothteethteeth,footfootfe
11、etfeet,childchildchildrenchildren,manmanmenmen,FrenchmanFrenchmanFrenchmen.Frenchmen.口诀:男人女人口诀:男人女人a a变变e,e,鹅足牙齿鹅足牙齿oooo变变eeee(2)(2)有些名词的有些名词的单复数相同单复数相同:如:如fish,sheep,deer,fish,sheep,deer,(3).(3).国家:中日不变英法变,其余国家:中日不变英法变,其余s s加后面。加后面。第13页/共34页(8)(8)复合名词的复数通常把复合名词中的主体名词变成复合名词的复数通常把复合名词中的主体名词变成复数。如复数。如
12、a boy studenta boy studenttwo boy students,two boy students,但是但是含有含有man man 和和womanwoman的的复合名词复合名词,每个部分都要变成复数。,每个部分都要变成复数。如:如:man teacherman teachermen teachers.men teachers.(9)(9)有些名词有些名词只有复数形式只有复数形式。如:。如:trousers,glasses,trousers,glasses,等。等。第14页/共34页不可数名词不可数名词、不可数名词、不可数名词没有复数形式没有复数形式,在句子中一,在句子中一
13、般被视为单数。不和般被视为单数。不和a/an连用,可以和连用,可以和the连连用。用。、如果表示不可数名词的、如果表示不可数名词的确切数量确切数量,可以,可以在不可数名词前在不可数名词前加上单位词加上单位词。如果表示要不如果表示要不可数名词的可数名词的不确切数量不确切数量,可以用,可以用some,much,a some,much,a little,a lot of,a bit of,plenty oflittle,a lot of,a bit of,plenty of等等修饰。修饰。第15页/共34页(1 1)不可数名词没有复数形式,)不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能加不定冠词前面不能加不定冠
14、词a/an,a/an,也不也不能直接用数词去修饰。表示一些能直接用数词去修饰。表示一些或一点用或一点用some/a little/a bit some/a little/a bit ofof等。表示许多用等。表示许多用much/a lot much/a lot of/lots ofof/lots of,a glass of,a a glass of,a piece of,a bar of,a cup ofpiece of,a bar of,a cup of。(2 2)当不可数名词做主语时,)当不可数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。返回返回第16页/共34页名词所有格的两种形式:名
15、词所有格的两种形式:、在名词后面加、在名词后面加s s,构成,构成s s所有格形所有格形式,式,表示有生命的东西的所有格表示有生命的东西的所有格。如:如:womenwomens bookss books、“名词名词+ofof+名词名词”,构成,构成ofof所有格形所有格形式,式,表示无生命的东西的所有格表示无生命的东西的所有格。如:如:the legs of the tablethe legs of the table第17页/共34页名词的所有格名词的所有格、名词所有格表示、名词所有格表示所有关系所有关系,意为意为“的的”。所有。所有格有两种形式,格有两种形式,“在名词后面在名词后面+s”是
16、表示生命的是表示生命的东西东西的所有格。的所有格。“of所有格形式所有格形式”是表示无生命是表示无生命的的东西东西的所有格的所有格第18页/共34页名词所有格的构成:名词所有格的构成:(1 1)单数名词)单数名词 构成构成s s所有格的方法所有格的方法 直接在词直接在词尾尾+s s(2 2)复数名词词尾如果没有)复数名词词尾如果没有s s,构成,构成s s所有格的方所有格的方法法 直接在词尾直接在词尾+s s(3 3)复数名词词尾如果有)复数名词词尾如果有s s,构成,构成s s所有格的方法所有格的方法 直接在词尾直接在词尾+(4 4)表示几个主语共有一样东西,所有格的构成方)表示几个主语共有
17、一样东西,所有格的构成方法是法是 在在最后一个主语后最后一个主语后+s s表示几个主语各自拥有一件东西,所有格的构成方法表示几个主语各自拥有一件东西,所有格的构成方法是是 在每个主语后都在每个主语后都+s s第19页/共34页(5 5)通常情况下,表示无生命的东)通常情况下,表示无生命的东西的所有格西的所有格 应用应用“名词名词+of+of+名名词词”所有格形式所有格形式(6 6)双重所有格。如果在表示所属)双重所有格。如果在表示所属的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用或指示代词时,常用“of+of+所有格所有格”或或“of+of+名词性物主代词的形式
18、名词性物主代词的形式”,即双重所有格。即双重所有格。返回返回第20页/共34页名词的功能名词的功能第21页/共34页名词的功能名词的功能名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,定语,宾定语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。1 1主语:主语:The bag is in the desk.The bag is in the desk.书包在桌子里边。书包在桌子里边。2 2宾语:宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday.I washed my clothes yesterday.昨天我洗了我的衣服。昨天我洗了我的
19、衣服。3 3表语:表语:This is a good book.This is a good book.这是一本好书。这是一本好书。4 4宾语补足语宾语补足语We choosed him as our We choosed him as our monitor.monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。我们选他为我们的班长。5 5介词宾语介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6 6定语:定语:She is a Party member.She is a Party me
20、mber.她是一位党员。她是一位党员。返回返回第22页/共34页练习练习第23页/共34页练习练习:1 1、写出下列单数名词的复数形式。、写出下列单数名词的复数形式。.knife_.knife_.orange_.orange_.box_.box_.cap_.cap_.roof_.roof_.tomato_.tomato_.baby_.baby_.house_.house_.hero_.hero_.photo_.photo_knivesknivesorangesorangesboxesboxescapscapsroofsroofstomatoestomatoesbabiesbabieshouse
21、shousesheroesheroesphotosphotos第24页/共34页3 3、请从括号里选出正确的答案。、请从括号里选出正确的答案。、Please give me(two/two cups of)coffee.Please give me(two/two cups of)coffee.There are a lot of(sheep/sheeps)on the farm.There are a lot of(sheep/sheeps)on the farm.I.Id like some(bread/breads)and(potato/potatoes).d like some(bre
22、ad/breads)and(potato/potatoes).Look!There is a(mouse/mice)in the corner.Look!There is a(mouse/mice)in the corner.He bought(a piece of/a piece)paper.He bought(a piece of/a piece)paper.”Where is(WomanWhere is(Womans/Womens/Womens)Room?s)Room?”asked asked Susan.Susan.(The girl.(The girls/The girls)hobb
23、y is drawing.s/The girls)hobby is drawing.Aunt Lucy sent(a child.Aunt Lucy sent(a child/a children/a childrens)book to me.s)book to me.第25页/共34页 4 4、用下列名词的适当形式填空、用下列名词的适当形式填空(1 1)There are a lot of There are a lot of _(potato)in the basket under the desk.(potato)in the basket under the desk.(2 2)Who
24、seWhose_(watchwatch)are those over there?are those over there?(3 3)The police have caught all the The police have caught all the _(thiefthief).(4 4)Tom went to see the dentist yesterday and had her two Tom went to see the dentist yesterday and had her two _(tooth)pulled out.(tooth)pulled out.(5 5)Th
25、ere is some There is some _(milkmilk)in the glass.in the glass.(6 6)The The _(GermanGerman)are on a visit to Beijing.are on a visit to Beijing.(7 7)Mrs.Green is _(Lucy and Lily)mother.Mrs.Green is _(Lucy and Lily)mother.(8 8)David took many _David took many _(photo)in the park.photo)in the park.(9 9
26、)Look!There are ten _(Japanese)andLook!There are ten _(Japanese)and five_ five_(American)talking under the tree.American)talking under the tree.potatoeswatchesthievesteethmilkGermansLucy and LilysphotosJapaneseAmericans第26页/共34页5 5、单项选择、单项选择1 1、She was very happy.SheShe was very happy.She _in the ma
27、ths test.in the maths test.A.A.makes a few mistake B.made a few mistakesmakes a few mistake B.made a few mistakesC.made few mistakes D.makes few mistakeC.made few mistakes D.makes few mistake2 2、We need some more_.Can you go and get We need some more_.Can you go and get some,please?some,please?A.Pot
28、ato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potatoeA.Potato B.potatos C.potatoes D.potatoe3 3、_are_for cutting things._are_for cutting things.A.A.Knife/used B.Knives/usedKnife/used B.Knives/usedC.Knife/using D.Knives/usingC.Knife/using D.Knives/using4 4、What big_ the tiger has!What big_ the tiger has!A.Tooth B.teeth
29、 C.tooths D.toothesA.Tooth B.teeth C.tooths D.toothes5 5、Please remember to give the horse some tree_.Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A.Leafs B.leaves C.leaf D.leaveA.Leafs B.leaves C.leaf D.leaveCCBBB第27页/共34页6 6、-Can we have some _?-Can we have some _?-Yes,please.-Yes,please.A.banana
30、B.oranges C.apple D.pear A.banana B.oranges C.apple D.pear7 7、On the table there are five_.On the table there are five_.A.tomatos B.piece of tomatoes A.tomatos B.piece of tomatoes C.tomatoes D.tomato C.tomatoes D.tomato8 8、They got much _ from those new books.They got much _ from those new books.A.i
31、deas B.photos C.information D.stories A.ideas B.photos C.information D.stories9 9、He gave us_ on how to keep fit.He gave us_ on how to keep fit.A.some advices B.some advice A.some advices B.some advice C.an advice D.a advice C.an advice D.a advice1010、When we saw his face,we knew_ was bad.When we sa
32、w his face,we knew_ was bad.A.some news B.a news A.some news B.a news C.the news D.news C.the news D.newsBCBCC第28页/共34页11 11、I have some_,but not any white_.I have some_,but not any white_.A.newspapers A.newspapers;paper B.newspaperpaper B.newspaper;paperpaper C.newspaper C.newspaper;papers D.newspa
33、perspapers D.newspapers;paperspapers1212、You need to change _ in Beijing.You need to change _ in Beijing.A.a train B.the train C.trains D.train A.a train B.the train C.trains D.train1313、We have bought two _for the coming party.We have bought two _for the coming party.A.box of orange B.boxes of oran
34、ges A.box of orange B.boxes of oranges C.box of oranges D.boxes of orange C.box of oranges D.boxes of orange1414、I Ive read _sports news about the race today.ve read _sports news about the race today.A.two B.pieces C.two pieces D.two pieces of A.two B.pieces C.two pieces D.two pieces ofBACD第29页/共34页
35、1 1、(、(20082008广东)广东)_mothers both work in the _mothers both work in the same hospital.same hospital.A.Tim and Peter A.Tim and Peters B.Tims B.Tims and Peters and Peter C.Tim C.Tims and Peters and Peters D.Tim and Peters D.Tim and Peter2 2、(2009(2009沈阳)沈阳)WhatWhats in the cupboard?s in the cupboard?
36、A few _,but little _.A few _,but little _.A.apples A.apples;coffee B.coffeecoffee B.coffee;applesapples C.apple C.apple;coffees D.coffeescoffees D.coffees;apple apple 3、(2010青岛)Where are the _?They are playing _violin in the school hall.A.girl students;不填 B.girls students;the C.girl students;the D.g
37、irl student;theCAC第30页/共34页4 4、(2010(2010哈尔滨)哈尔滨)A low A low carbon lifestyle has _effect on carbon lifestyle has _effect on our daily life,People are paying more attention to saving our daily life,People are paying more attention to saving _these days._these days.A.A.thethe;energies B.aenergies B.a
38、;energyenergyC.C.an an;energy D.anenergy D.an;energies energies 5 5、(2011)(2011)四川达州四川达州How manyHow many teachers are there in your teachers are there in your school?school?them them over two hundred.over two hundred.A.A.woman;The number of;is B.women;The number of;iswoman;The number of;is B.women;T
39、he number of;isC.woman;A number of;is D.women;A number of;areC.woman;A number of;is D.women;A number of;are6 6、(、(20112011天津)天津)For my homework I have to write a(n)_ For my homework I have to write a(n)_ about the wonders of the world.about the wonders of the world.A.music.B.picture.C.composition.D.
40、exam A.music.B.picture.C.composition.D.examCBC第31页/共34页用所给单词的适当形式完成句子用所给单词的适当形式完成句子1.1.(20102010上海)上海)Joanna received many Joanna received many _(gift)when graduating from middle school._(gift)when graduating from middle school.2.2.(20092009无锡)无锡)The three _(spaceman)The three _(spaceman)of Shenzhou
41、 VII Space ship were warmly welcomed of Shenzhou VII Space ship were warmly welcomed in Hong Kong.in Hong Kong.3 3、(、(20102010长春)长春)Mr Black got some nice _on Mr Black got some nice _on FatherFathers Day.How happy he was!(present)s Day.How happy he was!(present)4 4、(、(20092009宿迁宿迁)There are more_(sheep)in)There are more_(sheep)in Australia than in Japan.Australia than in Japan.5 5、(、(20082008南京市)南京市)Look!Look!Two_(monkey)are fighting for food over Two_(monkey)are fighting for food over there.there.giftsspacemenpresentssheepmonkeys第32页/共34页第33页/共34页感谢您的观看!第34页/共34页