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1、考纲解读考纲解读一篇200200字左右的短文能力考查：理解语篇、句子结构、运用语法、单词短语空格类型空格类型(1)(1)纯空格题纯空格题(2)(2)用括号中所给词填空用括号中所给词填空共共10空空第1页/共52页How to fill in the blanks?一读 二填 三检查 快速浏览全文，理解大意分析并判断具体形式语法是否正确，逻辑是否合理第2页/共52页纯空格题纯空格题解题技巧解题技巧第3页/共52页若空格后是名词，且它没有限定词（冠词/形容词性物主代词/不定代词）修饰，很可能填_冠词冠词Skill1:可数名词是禁止裸奔的。可数名词是禁止裸奔的。所谓不能裸奔就是不能既没有冠词，也不能
2、没有复数形式。不可数名词才有资格裸不可数名词才有资格裸奔。奔。所以，空格后面如果是裸奔的可数名词，那么通常是填冠词的。Imethimin_shopwhichsellsfruit.Waterischangedintosteambyheatandintoicebycold.a第4页/共52页另外，裸奔的可数名词如果在上文出现过，这时候填定冠词the（再次提到，表示特指）。Imetaboyonthestreet._boyiswaitingforataxi.The谈话双方都知道的人或事物、世上独一无二的东西、序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only,very,same前用定冠词theJanuaryist
3、hefirstmonthoftheyear.Theredsunlightsuptheskyandtheearth.第5页/共52页【小结】：冠词的语法填空归根结底就是要看出裸奔的名词到底是特指(填the)还是泛指(填a)。【即时练习】1.MyfriendVernonDavieskeptbirdsHeaskedmetofeed_birdsforhim.2.Hequicklypickedup_telephoneonhisdesk.3.PeoplekeepdogstoprotectthemselvesForachild,_dogishisbestfriend.4.Whenthereiscaracci
4、dent,policeofficerswillfindoutifanyofthedriversisusingacellphone.5.Tom,8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshopandsatatatablethetheaana第6页/共52页句子不缺主语、表语，动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，通常填_介词介词介词的考查：多数情况下出现在固定搭配中介词的考查：多数情况下出现在固定搭配中1.Ithinkitsagoodidea_youtocomebacktoChina.2.Thoughsheisagirl,sheisinterested_footbal
5、l.forinItbeadj./nforsbtodosthbeinterestedinSkill2:第7页/共52页但：但：1.Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.2.July1,1997sawthereturnofHongKongtoChina.ThedayourChinesepeoplehadlookedforwardto_(come)atlast.所以有时要谨防陷阱！所以有时要谨防陷阱！after/fromcame第8页/共52页两个或几个并列结构的单词/短语
6、之间没有连词，考虑填_并列连词并列连词Skill3:Iamveryexcited_inspiredbythegoodnewsthatyouhavebeenadmittedintoHarvardUniversity.and第9页/共52页若两个句子（一个主谓结构算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，填_或_1.Heworkedhard,_hesucceededfinally.2.Thebuilding_standsneartheriverisourschool.并列连词并列连词从属连词从属连词that/which（连接主句和连接主句和定语从句定语从句/名词性从句名词性从句/状语从句）状语从
7、句）and/soSkill4:第10页/共52页Skill5:由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词1.由强调句型(Itis/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他部分)，判断填it还是that。_wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldnteatMSG(味精)!解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填It。第11页/共52页2.由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等，还是填do,does,did等。_withhardworkca
8、nyouexpecttogetpayrise.解析：由canyouexpectto可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only+状语(withhardwork)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。第12页/共52页3.so/suchthat句型。如：Thismadethegoatsojealous_itbeganplottingagainst(谋划对付)thedonkey.解析：由句式结构知这是sothat句型，应填that第13页/共52页4.morethan与其说不如说;比更Lilysstoryshowsthatpeopleremembermorehowmuchaman
9、agercares_howmuchhepays.解析：由句式结构可知，这是morethan句型，故填than。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。第14页/共52页有提示词有提示词解题技巧解题技巧第15页/共52页一、提供动词第16页/共52页若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致时态、语态、主谓一致。1.Mr.Smith_(give)hiswifetwentypoundsforherbirthday.2.OnSaturdayafternoon,Mrs.Greenwent
10、tothemarket,_(buy)somebananasandvisitedhercousin.解析：and是并列连词。此处went,bought和visited为并列谓语，时态也一致。Skill1:Skill1:首先，判断要填的动词是首先，判断要填的动词是谓语谓语动词还是动词还是非谓语非谓语动词。动词。gavebought第17页/共52页若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语非谓语动词。doingdonetodoSkill2:表主动表主动/正在进行正在进行/持续持续表被动表被动/完成完成表将来或目的表将来或目的第18页/共52页具体的方法主要有：作主语或宾语，通常用作主
11、语或宾语，通常用-ing形式表示习惯或一般情形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。况，用不定式表示具体的情况。1.Itisnotenoughonly_(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填tomemorize。2._(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwontmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary解析：句中已有谓语wontmake，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。第19页/共52页作目的状
12、语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。1._(complete)theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析：因句中已有谓语willhavetowork，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填Tocomplete。2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_(succeed).解
13、析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填tosucceed。另，belikelytodosth为固定结构。第20页/共52页作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。1.Hesawthestone,_(say)tohimself,“Thenightwillbeverydark.”解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。2.Theheadmasterwentintothela
14、b,_(follow)bytheforeignguests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系，故用followed作伴随状语。第21页/共52页特别提醒：有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：Janeknewfrompastexperiencethather_(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：所给词choose虽然是动词，但在从句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。第22
15、页/共52页考查谓语动词与非谓语动词1.Hespititout,_(say)itwasawful.2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_(wear)sunglasses.4.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI_(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.sayingsittingwearing【练一练】wastold第23页/共52页5.Thesu
16、nwassettingwhenmycar_(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.6.Theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.7.Hewalkedinasifhe_(buy)theschool.8.Suddenly,he_(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.broketohelphadboughtfound第24页/共52页9.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperienc
17、e:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.10.Thesituationwassoseverethattherewasnotime_(debate)whoistoblame.11.Withtheproblem_(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.12.Withalotofhomework_(do),Icantgoshoppingwithmyfriends.solvedpushedtodebatetodo第25页/共52页二、词类转换第
18、26页/共52页这类题主要是考查名词、形容词和副词，根据该词在句中所充当的句子成分来确定用哪种形式，具体技巧如下：第27页/共52页形容词性物主代词之后；冠词之后，介词之前；充当句子的主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等；通常填_名词1.Withthe_(arrive)ofspring,theDorritystookthechildrenforanouting.arrival2.Ifindthat_(creative)canactasawaytoincrease_(participate)andimprove_(fluent).creativityparticipationfluencySkill1
19、:第28页/共52页易错的动词变名词的不规则变形易错的动词变名词的不规则变形v.n.explaindescribepronounceassumecomplain另外，应对名词考查时，还要注意可数名词单复数的变化explanationdescriptionpronunciationassumptioncomplaint第29页/共52页作表语（在系动词之后）、定语（修饰名词）或宾补（表性质状态），通常用_。Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents_(interest)inthesubject.形容词形容词interested宾补Skill
20、2:第30页/共52页修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语，用_。_(fortune),theguestescapedunharmed.副词副词FortunatelySkill3:第31页/共52页有的词类转换题，词性不一定要变，主要是考查与词根意义相反的派生词，需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-/im-/in-/mis-等，在词根后加-less等。1.Yourmistakecausedalotof_(necessary)workintheoffice.unnecessary2.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto_(understand)
21、them.misunderstandSkill4:第32页/共52页括号中所给词若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其_。The_(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.The_(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.比较级或最高级比较级或最高级harderSkill5:第33页/共52页1.Hemustbe_(mental)disabled.2.OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicalfestival.Ileftitearlybecaus
22、eIhadanappointment_(late)thatday.3.Maryfelt_(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.4.“Thatwouldbeavery_(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.5.Her_(curious)gotthebestforher.mentallylater【练一练】pleasedreasonablecuriosity第34页/共52页6.Itwas_(polite)ofyoutole
23、avewithoutsayinggoodbye.7.Asaresult,manychildrenarebecomingless_(depend),determinedandambitiousthaninthepast.8.Themerchantsfirstwifeisaveryloyalpartnerandhasmadegreat_(contribute)inmaintaininghiswealth.9.Thereare_(comfort)feelings,oftenasmanykindofphysicalpain.10.Problemsaretheserioustestthattellssu
24、ccessfrom_(fail).impoliteindependentcontributionsuncomfortablefailure第35页/共52页11._(luck),Ifailedintheexam.12.WhenChinasancientscientificandtechnological_(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.13.Atlast,hercourageand_(wise)impressedboththeCEOandPrincetonUniversity.1
25、4.TheotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecouldHejumpedeven_(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.15.Hedevotedhissparetimetofindingsheltersforthe_(home).Unluckilywisdomwisdomachievementsharderhomeless第36页/共52页有关代词的有关代词的解题技巧解题技巧第37页/共52页Skill1:人称代词语法填空对代词的考查重点考查人称代词，考查时可语法填空对代词的考查重点考查人称代词，考查时可能给出代词的主格形式（如能给出代词的主
26、格形式（如I），要求考生填其宾格），要求考生填其宾格（如（如me）、形容词性物主代词（如）、形容词性物主代词（如my）、名词性物）、名词性物主代词（如主代词（如mine）或反身代词（如）或反身代词（如myself）等形式）等形式1.Thecustomerfeelsthatthesaleswomanisinsympathywith_(he)andunderstands_(he)needs.2.Thisis_(I)book.3.Thebookis_(I).himhismymine第38页/共52页Skill2:it的用法1.指代上文提到的动物、事物或事情；指代人，常指婴儿；或用以确定一人的身份，如
27、打电话或敲门时，可用itThetrainhasarrived.Itarrivedhalfanhourago.Thebabynextdoorkeptmeawake.Itcriedallnight.2.指代天气、时间、距离、温度等，在简单句中作主语，填itItisabeautifulday.Itwastimetoquitsmoking.Itis10kilometerstothecastle.第39页/共52页3.由it作形式主语的句式判断，空格处是否填itIttakessbsometimetodosth做某事花了某人一些时间Itspossible/necessary/important/stran
28、ge/naturaltodosth/that.做某事是的Itsapity/ashame/awondertodosth/that做某事是Itsworth/nouse/nogood/awasteoftimedoingsth做某事是的Itssaid/announced/believed/reported/hopedthat据第40页/共52页Ittakesmeanhourtogettherebybus.Itisimportantforstudentstoattendallthelectures.Itisapitythathecantcome.Itisnousetalkingtohimaboutthe
29、matter.Itwasreportedthataheavysnowstormhitthatarealastweek.第41页/共52页4.由it作形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填itit作形式宾语，常用于以下句型：主语+谓语+it+adj./n.+todosth/that常用于此句型的动词有：make,think,feel,find,consider等Ifounditverydifficulttoadaptmyselftothingsallaroundhere.Idontthinkitpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.
30、第42页/共52页综合练习综合练习第43页/共52页Exercise1Exercise1Ithappenedtwoyearsago.IwasgettingreadytogotoBeijing1._Ifelldownthestairsandhurtmyleg.Ithoughtnothing2._(bad)couldhappentome,soIdecidedtogoanyway.Imanagedtotalkmyfatherintogivingmearidetothestation,3._wasfivekilometersfromourhouse.Weplannedtosetoutveryearly
31、4._(catch)the7a.m.trainbutthecarwouldntstart.Whenwefinallyleft,5._wasalready6:30.MyfatherisaveryslowdriversoIaskedhimtospeedup.Whenweweredoing120km/hapolicemanstoppedusandhandedout6._ratherheavyfinetomyfatherforspeeding.whenworsewhichtocatchita第44页/共52页Iwasverynervoustherewereonlyfifteenminuteslefta
32、ndwewerenowherenearthestationyet.Muchtomyannoyance,thecar7._(sudden)startedtojerk(颠簸)anditsoonturnedout8._wehadrunoutofpetrol.Wehadtostopatthepetrolstationtofillupthetank.Wefinallygottothestationatthreeminutestoseven.Ikissedmyfathergoodbye,jumpedonthetrainandsettleddowninmyseat9._relief.Butassoonasw
33、ereachedthenextstation,IrealisedthatI10._(get)onthewrongtrain:IwastravelingtoWuhan,notBeijing!suddenlythatinhadgot第45页/共52页Exercise2Exercise2ArchimedeswasafamousancientGreekinventorandmathematician.Heisbestknownfordiscovering“ArchimedessPrinciple”,1._scientificlawthatexplainswhysomeobjectsfloat.Ther
34、earevariousstoriesthattellhowhemadethis2._(discover).OnestorytellsofakingnamedHiero,3._suspectedthathisgoldsmithhadaddedsomesilvertoagoldcrownhehadordered.ThekingaskedArchimedes4._hisassistanceinfindingoutthetruth.FordaysArchimedeswasunabletoomeupwith5._ideas.Thenonedaywhilegettingintohisbathtub,hen
35、oticedwaterspillingoverthesides.adiscoverywhoforany第46页/共52页Suddenly,herealisedthatwhenanobject6._(place)inwater,itmovessomewaterfromunderneathit.Bytakingmeasurementsofanobjectsweightandtheamountofwateritmoved,Archimedescouldfindoutthe“density(密度)”oftheobject.Becauseofthis,hecouldconclude7._KingHier
36、oscrownwasmadeentirelyofgoldornot.Archimedeswasso8._(excite)whenherealisedthisthathejumpedoutofhisbathtub9._(shout)“Eureka!”,theGreekwordfor“Ihavefoundit.”Today,peopleoftenshout“Eureka!”10._(say)theyhavefoundasolutiontoadifficultproblem.isplacedwhetherexcitedshoutingtosay第47页/共52页Exercise3Exercise3T
37、hevolumeoftrafficinmanycitiesintheworldtodaycontinuestoexpand.Thiscausesmanyproblems,1._(include)seriousairpollution,longdelays,andagreatriskofaccidents.Clearly,somethingmustbedone,butitisoftendifficult2._(persuade)peopletochangetheirhabitsandleavetheircarsathome.Onepossibleapproachistomake3._moreex
38、pensiveforpeopletousetheircarsbyincreasingparkingchargesandbringingintougherfinesforanyone4._breaksthelaw.Inaddition,driverscouldberequiredtopayforusingparticularroutesatdifferenttimesoftheday.includingtopersuadeitwho第48页/共52页Thissystem,knownas“roadpricing”,withaspecialelectroniccard5._(fix)tothewin
39、dscreenofthecar,hasalreadybeenintroducedinanumberofcities.Anotherwayofdealingwiththeproblemistoprovidecheapparkingontheoutskirtsofthecity,and6._(proper)controlthenumberofvehiclesallowedintothecentre.Driversandtheirpassengersthenuseaspecialbus7._(serve)forthefinalstageoftheirjourney.Ofcourse,the8._(i
40、mportant)thingofallistoprovidegoodpublictransport.However,togetpeopletogiveupthecomfortoftheircars,publictransportmustbefelttobe9._(rely)andconvenient,withfares10._anacceptablelevel.fixedproperlyservicemostimportantreliableat第49页/共52页Exercise4Exercise4Thesedays,meteorologists(气象学家)giveusreasonablyac
41、curateweatherforecasts.Butwhatdidwedobeforescientistsusedmoderntechnology1._(predict)theweather?Well,peoplelookedattheirsurroundingstogetcluesabout2._theweathermightbelike.Forexample,themovementsofcloudstellusalotaboutfutureweatherconditions.Clouds3._(move)indifferentdirectionsusuallymeanbadweatheri
42、snotfaroff.Animalbehaviouris4._goodclue.Looktoseewherebirdsareflyingintheair.Iftheyareflying5._(high)thanusual,theweatherwillbenice.Standstillandlisten.topredictwhatmovinganotherhigher第50页/共52页Manyanimals,6._(particular)birds,tendtogoquietjustbeforeitrains.Howtheairsmellsisalsoausefulindicatoroffutu
43、reweatherconditions.Thereis7._saying,“Flowerssmellbestjustbeforetherain”.Thisis8._smellsarestrongerinhumidair.Onemoretip:Lookupatthemoon.Ifyoucanseeitclearly,itmeansthattheweatherhascooledandrainisprobably9._theway.Ofcourse,noneofthesemethodsareperfectanditwouldbeincorrecttousetheminsteadofmoderntechnology.Buttheydohavetheiruses.Sowhynotlearnthem?Youneverknowwhentheymightbe10._(help).particularlyabecauseonhelpful第51页/共52页感谢您的观看！第52页/共52页