《英语形容词和副词.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语形容词和副词.pptx（45页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、（一）形容词的作用1作定语，只作定语：left,right,inner,outer,upper,hinder,utter,former,elder,eldest,major,latter,lesser,wooden,earthen,wooden,brazen,golden,ashen,leaden,flaxen等如：a careless driver2作表语，与系动词连用。只作表语，ill,well,content,unable,sorry,glad,mindful,exempt,bound,bent,afraid,ashamed,asleep,awake,away,aware,alike,a
2、live,alert,averse,agape,astir,aflame,afloat,afire.(还有其他以a开头的词)如：The desk is clean.3作宾语补足语，用在cut,find,keep,leave,make,push,tear等动词之后。如：The news made everyone happy.一、形容词第1页/共45页4与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物,如：The rich and the poor live very different lives.5作状语，表示伴随、原因、结果等。如：Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.第2页/共45页(二)形容
3、词的排列顺序OPSHACOM 是个拼缀词，它的涵义如下：OP-opinion评述性词。如beautiful，wonderful，expensive，terrible，orrible，lovely，silly，ugly等。SH-size shape表大些形状的词。如 long，short，round，square等。A-age表新旧的词。如new，old等。C-colour表颜色的词。如red，black，purple，brown，yellow等。O-origin表产地的词。如Italian，Spanish，Canadian，Australian，Japanese 等。M-material表材料
4、的词。如leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk，plastic等。第3页/共45页按此顺序，一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克的英语为a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket。理论上一个名词前可有9个形容词，但在实际语言材料中一般不超过5个。因此，掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词修饰名词时的顺序问题。学习OPSHACOM方法时还要注意以下事项：1各修饰词（即形容词）可有缺项，但顺序不变。如：a small Swiss watch。2当表大小（或长短）的词与表形状的词同时出现时，大小（或长短）在前，形状在后。如：a large sq
5、uare table。3定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、形容词性所有格、数词等位于句首。第4页/共45页4数词位于定冠词、指示代词后。（数词不与不定冠词或形容词性所有格连用）5分词最靠近所修饰的名词。如：his new Japanese timing device；three scotish handmade skirts。下面请读者做几道练习题：用OPSHACOM法将下列各题括号中的单词按正确顺序排列：1（Canadian，extraordinary，an，new）play 2（green，a，large）garden 3（gold，British，the，round）coin 4（ugly，w
6、riting，the，steel，seven）desks 第5页/共45页2.多个形容词修饰名词的顺序：多个形容词修饰名词的顺序：限定描绘大长高，限定描绘大长高，限定描绘大长高，限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；形状年龄和新老；形状年龄和新老；形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，颜色国籍跟材料，颜色国籍跟材料，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；作用类别往后靠；作用类别往后靠；作用类别往后靠；限定词（冠词，代词）限定词（冠词，代词）限定词（冠词，代词）限定词（冠词，代词）-数词数词数词数词-描绘形容词（描绘形容词（描绘形容词（描绘形容词（beautiful,good,interesting,beauti
7、ful,good,interesting,kind)-kind)-特征形容词特征形容词特征形容词特征形容词(大小大小大小大小+长短长短长短长短+新旧新旧新旧新旧+颜色颜色颜色颜色+国籍国籍国籍国籍+材料材料材料材料)-)-名词名词名词名词 opshacomopshacom1.This_girlisLindscousin.A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettylittleD.littleprettySpanish2.Onedaytheycrossedthe_bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChine
8、sestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.ChinesestoneoldA AA A如:anoldChinesestonebridgethoselargeroundblackwoodentables第6页/共45页（一）副词的作用（一）副词的作用 1 1作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如：作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如：He had worked He had worked hardhard all his life.all his life.（修饰动词）（修饰动词）He is He is veryvery diligent.
9、diligent.（修饰形容词）（修饰形容词）You can find books on that subject You can find books on that subject quitequite easily.easily.（修饰副词）（修饰副词）LuckilyLuckily she was in when I called.she was in when I called.（修饰句子）（修饰句子）二、副词第7页/共45页 2 2作表语，表示地点及位置。如：作表语，表示地点及位置。如：They are They are downstairsdownstairs.3 3作定语，如：作
10、定语，如：The population The population herehere is getting smaller and smaller.is getting smaller and smaller.第8页/共45页（二）副词的位置和排列顺序1副词的位置副词在句中的位置比较灵活。（1）多数副词包括地点副词、方式副词和频度副词以外的时间副词都可以放在谓语动词后面，如果是及物动词就放在宾语后面。如：Sometimes many people talked together,without anyone stopping them有时好些人一起聊天，也没有人阻止他们。第9页/共45页I
11、must be leaving now我现在该走了。First,read a chapter quickly to get a general idea第一，快速阅读一章，以便掌握中心思想。重点提示有些地点副词如away,down,in,on,off,out,up等也可以放在动词和宾语之间，但宾语如果是人称代词，副词只能放在宾语的后面。如：第10页/共45页（2）频度副词，通常放在谓语动词前面。如果句子中有情态动词、助动词或动词to be，就放在这类动词的后面。如：We have never had women working in this part of our company befor
12、e我们以前从来没有让妇女在我们公司的这种部门工作过。He is seldom late for work他上班很少迟到。I always meet him in the streetHe must live quite near here第11页/共45页我总在这条街上碰到他，想必他就住在附近。这类副词有：almost,already,always,frequently,hardly,nearly,occasionally,often,sometimes,usually,never,seldom 等。另外,还有一类副词如yet,once,just,really,soon,surely等也可以放
13、在这个位置。如：Although many families became separated,people still kept in touch with each other虽然许多家庭都分散了，但是人们还是保持着联系。Fish soon goes bad in hot weather热天鱼很快就变质了。但有的副词有时放在动词后面，如：Do you come here often?你常到这里来吗？第12页/共45页（3）疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词和一些形容整个句子的副词。如actually,fortunately,unfortunately,of course,first,at fir
14、st,secondly,surely,perhaps,probably,certainly等，通常放在句子（或从句）的开头。如：Perhaps weve going to have a storm可能要来暴风雨了。Surely you dont think shes beautiful?你一定觉得她不漂亮吧？有些时间副词和频度副词也可放在句首，第13页/共45页这类词有yesterday,tomorrow,last night,finally,at last,now,soon,once,occasionally,usually,sometimes等。如：Finally,he demanded
15、an end to the British rule over India and independence for his country最后，他要求结束英国对印度的统治，要求国家的独立。Yesterday he was late for class昨天他上学迟到了。Occasionally I try to write poems我偶尔也试着写几首诗。程度副词一般放在它所修饰的词的前面。如：After all,this ball is very important这次舞会毕竟还是很重要的。My poor mother,your hair has gone quite white!可怜的妈妈
16、，你的头发全都变白了！第14页/共45页重点提示enough要放在它所修饰的形容词或副词之后。如：He didnt run quickly enough他跑得不够快。He is smart enough for this work他很机灵，足以胜任这项工作。2副词的排列顺序英语中几个副词用在一起时，一般的词序是：程度状态地点时间，如：They played fairly well there yesterday昨天他们在那里打得很好。第15页/共45页 三、形容词和副词的区别：1.形容词修饰系动词，副词修饰行为动词。Shealwayslooks_.(美丽）Sheisalwaysdressed_
17、.beautifulbeautifully2.形容词修饰名词；副词修饰形容词，副词和全句。Hehasgotaseriousillness.（名词）Heisseriouslyill.（形容词）Youcanfindbooksonthatsubjectquiteeasily.（副词）LuckilyshewasinwhenIcalled.（句子）第16页/共45页四、形容词和副词的比较等级原级1.肯定asadj./adv.原级 as2.否定notas(so)adj./adv.原级 as3.倍数倍数asadj./adv.原级 as倍数thesize(height,length,width，depth)o
18、f如：1.Mr.SunspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.2.Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthatone.3.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.第17页/共45页原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级much/manyill/bad/badlylittle more most worse worst less least比较级1.构成形式：-ermore注意不规则变化 good/well far better best farther farthest further furthest第18页/共45页
19、2.用法A.表示一方超过另一方“比较级（-er/more)than”B.表示一方不及另一方“less原级than”C.表示越来越“比较级and比较级”D.表示越越“the比较级,the比较级”E.表示两者中比较“the比较级ofthetwo”F.表示倍数“倍数比较级than”第19页/共45页3.比较级前的副词或副词短语。“一点点一点点,稍微稍微”：a little(bit),slightly,a little(bit),slightly,any,someany,some“得多得多”：many,much,a lot,far,by many,much,a lot,far,by farfar“更，
20、甚更，甚”：even,stilleven,still4.比较级句型表达最高级含义+anyother+单数名词比较级+theother+复数名词+anyoftheother+复数名词Tomistallerthananyoftheotherboysinhisclass.(=Tomisthetallestboyinhisclass.)第20页/共45页1.形容词后置：A.修饰some,any,no,every等构成的复合不定代词要后置。如：somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginteresting五、形容词和副词的一些特别用法B.else修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，
21、要后置。如：Nobodyelseissosillyasyouare.第21页/共45页C.“enough”作定语时一般放在中心词前；但作副词时只能后置。Wehaveenoughfoodtoeat.Sheisoldenoughtogotoschool.E.某些形容词，如:present(在场的，出席的),involved(有关的),concerned(相关的),left(剩下的),mentioned(提及的),selected(当选的)等。如:thestudentspresent(出席的学生)thecostinvolved(所需费用)D.以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置。如：alike,alive
22、,alone,asleep,afraid,awake如：Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime.第22页/共45页3.so和和such的用法的用法A:基本用法：such+n./n.p.;so+adj./adv.B BB:修饰可数名词单数，so和such可以互换；如：sogoodastudent，suchagoodstudentC:so可加many,much,few,little等，而such不能。如：如：somanypeople,solittlewaterCanyoubelievethatin_arichcountrythereshouldbe_manypoorpeople
23、?A.such,suchB.such,soC.so,soD.so,such第23页/共45页4.两种形式的副词两种形式的副词1)close 与与 closelyclose意思是意思是“近近”；closely 意思是意思是“仔细地仔细地”He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 与与 lately late意思是意思是“晚晚”；lately 意思是意思是“最近最近”You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?3)deep 与与 deeplydeep意思是意思是“深深”，表
24、示时间和空间深度；，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常时常 表示感情上的深度，表示感情上的深度，深深地深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud.He often works deep into the night.Even father was deeply moved by the film.第24页/共45页4)high 与与 highly high表示空间高度；表示空间高度；highly表示程度，表示程度，“高度地高度地”The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5)wide
25、 与与 widely wide表示空间宽度；表示空间宽度；widely意思是意思是“广泛地广泛地”，“在在许多地方许多地方”He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free 与与 freely free的意思是的意思是免费免费；freely 的意思是的意思是无限制地无限制地You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely;say what you like.第25页/共45页注意下列各组副词的区别1)just(完成时
26、)-justnow（过去式）位置不一样2)rather修饰贬义词-quite（同fairly,但语气较强fairlygood,quitegood极好）-fairly修饰褒义词3)yet期望，否定，疑问句-still原状，强调持续性-already完成，强调后果，多见于肯定句4)hard努力地-hardly几乎不，办否定词-rarely很少，表频率-scarcely罕见5)muchtoo+形容词、副词-toomuch太多+不可数名词 第26页/共45页6)especially尤其；格外-specially特别地；专门地 7)every day名词短语，状语-everyday形容词，定语 8)so
27、metime 副词，将来某一天或曾经-sometimes 副词，有时，偶尔-some time 名词短语 有些时间，一些时间第27页/共45页巩固练习：巩固练习：1.Its always difficult being in a foreign country,_ if you dont speak the language.A.Extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially2.Would you be _ do me a favor?A.kind enough B.so kind as to C.so kind toD.kind as to3.T
28、he guide told us that he would organize some businessmen from abroad to have a tour _ the next month.A.some timeB.sometime C.some timesD.sometimes4.It is _ that his English is _ perfect.A.sure veryB.right rather C.exact fairlyD.certain quiteD DB BB BD D第28页/共45页5.Alien had to call a taxi because the
29、 box was _ to carry all the way home.A.much too heavy B.too much heavy C.heavy too much D.too heavy muchA A第29页/共45页1.She doesnt speak_ her friends,but her written work is excellent.A.as well as B.as often as C.so much as D.as good as2.Of all the story books,I like this one _.Its not interesting at
30、all.A.very much B.the best C.very less D.the leastAD第30页/共45页3.-If you dont like the red coat,take the blue one.-Ok,but do you have _size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me.A.a big B.a bigger C.the big D.the bigger4.If the manager had to choose between the two,he would say John was _choice.A.goo
31、d B.the best C.better D.the better BD第31页/共45页5.-Its so hot today.-It surely is.Its _yesterday.A.two degrees hotter than B.two degrees as hot as C.two degree hotter than D.as two degrees hot as A第32页/共45页6.Everybody says that this problem is _ difficult than the one you asked me about yesterday.A.a
32、lot quite more B.quite a lot more C.a lot more quite D.very much more quite7.He is not _ as any of us,but he is brave enough.A.as a good player B.as good a player C.a player so good D.a so good playerBB第33页/共45页8.The harder you work,_.A.the greater progress youll make B.the greater youll make progre
33、ss C.youll make the greater progress D.youll make greater progressA第34页/共45页9.Professor White has written some short stories,but he is _known for his plays.A.the best B.more C.better D.the mostC第35页/共45页10.Toms handwriting is better than _.A.any other students handwriting B.any students handwriting
34、else C.any of the other students D.any student handwriting11.Greenland,_ island in the world,covers over two million square kilometers.A.it is the largest B.that is the largest C.is the largest D.the largestAD第36页/共45页12.To my surprise he is _ than his younger sister.A.taller B.less taller C.less sh
35、orter D.less tallD13.Although Linda tried hard in the exam,she did _ than her brother.A.more badly B.much better C.much badly D.much worseD第37页/共45页V-ed&V-ing14.It is believed that if a book is _,it will surely _ the reader.A.interested;interest B.interesting,be edC.interested;be ing D.ing;interestD
36、第38页/共45页15._ that he didnt know what do do.A.So excited he was B.So exciting he was C.So excited was he D.So exciting was heC第39页/共45页1.The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years.A.little white wooden B.little wooden white C.white wooden little D.wooden white littleA描绘性形容词大小-长短-新旧-颜色
37、-国籍-材料修饰顺序第40页/共45页2.John Smith,a successful businessman,has a _ car.A.large German white B.large white German C.white large German D.German large whiteB第41页/共45页3._ students are required to take part in the boat race.A.Ten strong young Chinese B.Ten Chinese strong young C.Chinese ten young strong D
38、.Yong strong ten ChineseA第42页/共45页4.I have worked with him for some time and have found that he is _ than John.A.more efficiency a worker B.a more efficient worker C.more an efficient worker D.a worker more efficientlyB第43页/共45页5.It is said that there is _ in todays newspaper.A.nothing interesting B.interesting nothing C.nothing of interesting D.no interesting anythingA第44页/共45页感谢您的观看！第45页/共45页