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1、Table of Contents图表作文和一般作文的区别看懂图表要领（1）看懂图表要领（2）图一、图二分析易犯错误&解决方法常用数字表达法Basic Writing Structure etc.More Exercises第1页/共54页图表作文和一般作文一般作文：在指示中把作文要讨论的问题或者现象直接用文字告诉你。图表作文：把问题或者现象用图表反映出来。要求：把图表看懂，并用文字叙述出来，才能对这个问题或现象展开讨论。第2页/共54页看懂图表要领（1）看懂图表，弄清它所反映的问题或现象。第一，熟悉图表的各种类型，了解它们的特点和作用。常见图表有四种：第3页/共54页Pie Chart（饼图
2、)这种图表多数用来表示各种事物在总数百分之一百中所占的各自比例。第4页/共54页Line Graph（线图）这种曲线图用来表示一种事物的上升趋势或下降趋势。第5页/共54页Bar Graph（条形棒图)一般用来比较几种事物在同一时期上升或者下降的情况。第6页/共54页Table（表格图）这种图表用于表示多种事物间的相互关系。第7页/共54页看懂图表要领（2）要善于从众多的数字中抓住主要问题。给出的图表和数字并不是要求简单的描写，而是要求通过图表上的数字抓住所反映的社会问题进行评论。因此从数字中看出主要问题或现象至关重要。1）借助于题目和指示里的要求来抓主要问题。2）看一下图表中的哪些数字前后变
3、化最大。第8页/共54页图一(Job Problems for College Graduates)上图1、2、3分别表示:1：Graduates who continue to study2：Graduates who take jobs irrelevant to their majors3：Graduates who hold jobs in their majors第9页/共54页图一分析一、借助于题目Job Problems for College Graduates,可以看出是关于大学毕业生找工作的问题。因此尽管表中有许多数字，但只要顺着有关工作职业的数字，就能发现图表所要反映的问
4、题。二、看图表哪些数字变化最大：图表中有三组六个数字，分别表示毕业生继续读书、找专业对口的工作和找专业不对口的工作。但以后两组数据在十年里的变化最大。因此它们就是文章要讨论的主要问题。第10页/共54页语言表达抓住了所要评论的问题，接着就是先把它用语言表述出来。在描写中，对数字的运用要有针对性，不要把图表中的数字全描写出来。第11页/共54页图一：第一段表达Each year thousands upon thousands of graduates flood the job market,waving their college diplomas and certificates,expe
5、cting better jobs in their majors,only to be frustrated and disappointed.According to the charts,only 58%percent of college graduates in 1992 could find jobs in their specialties,compared with 89%percent in 1981 when Chin had its first college graduates after the Cultural Revolution.Why do college g
6、raduates find it increasingly difficult to get a rewarding job?第12页/共54页Tips开头段落在六个数字中仅仅列举了1981和1992年有关找专业对口的工作的毕业生人数的两个数字，因为这是文章要重点讨论的，其余四个数字就不必列出了。第13页/共54页图二Enthusiasm for SportsEnthusiasm for Sports.You must write no less than 120 words and explain WHY many TV viewers like to watch sports.第14页/共
7、54页图二：第一段表达Modern sports are becoming more spectator-oriented(观赏者为导向的观赏者为导向的)than participant-oriented(参与者为导向的参与者为导向的).Just think of millions and millions of people who spend countless hours before TV sets watching sports of all sorts:Olympic Games,World Series Games and the World Cup Soccer Game.Ac
8、cording to a survey,among various televised events,sports have the greatest number of viewers.When an important football match is televised live,the streets of a big city are often left deserted.第15页/共54页Tips图二第一段范文中对图表上四个数据连提都不提，就是对看体育节目人数这个作文要讨论的主题也只是用the great number of等笼统地加以概况。我们要讨论的是为什么有许多人观看体育
9、节目，而不是要介绍各类节目的收视率，所以具体准确的数字就没有必要写出来了。第16页/共54页易犯错误&解决方法盲目地把图表中所有数据都描写出来，不管是否和主题有关。解决方法：可以在描写和引用数字前，先把这些数据要反映的问题用一句话写出来。这样就把数据看成是一种用来说明问题的具体数据材料(statistical evidence)。选用的数据必须和论述有关。第17页/共54页例1图一第一段第一句：Each year thousands upon thousands of graduates flood the job market,waving their college diplomas an
10、d certificates,expecting better jobs in their majors,only to be frustrated and disappointed.第18页/共54页例2Rising Divorce Rates in China第19页/共54页SampleIn recent years the divorce rate in China has increased drastically.According to a 1992 Census Bureau(人口调查局人口调查局)report on marriage and divorce in some b
11、ig cities,during the past five years,the divorce rate has increased as much as it had in the entire previous twenty years.In 1967 there were only 0.5 divorced persons for every 1000 married people,and in 1987 the rate was 7 per thousand,but in 1992 the rate jumped to 15 divorced per 1000 married.第20
12、页/共54页常用数字表达法1.In 1990,it increasedrosejumped shot upfrom 5 to 10 percent of the total.to 15 percent.by 15 percent.第21页/共54页2.By comparison with 1990,it decreaseddroppedfellfrom 10 to 5 percent.to 15 percent.by 15 percent.第22页/共54页3.The that of last year.figurepercentagenumberpopulationhas nearlyhas
13、 almosthas more thandoubled,tripled,compared withas compared withas against第23页/共54页4.It has compared with.droppedincreaseddecreasedalmostmore thanabouttwo and a half times,twice,six times,第24页/共54页5.The as much as that of 1990.numberpercentageis twiceis 4 timesis half第25页/共54页6.It has reachedapproa
14、chedrisen tosomething of a plateau50 percentan average of 50 percentin the recent 5 years.in the past few years.since 1992.第26页/共54页7.It accounts for(在数量、比例上在数量、比例上 占占)15 percent of the total 第27页/共54页8.Therein March,was werehas been26 traffic accidents26 teenage suicidesa 26 percent increase/declin
15、e in birth ratesup from 20 percent for the same period last year.an increase of 3 percent in a three-month period.only 65.3 births per 1000 females of childbearing age.第28页/共54页That is the rate in history,continuing a(n)trend begun in the 1970s.second-highestsecond-lowestupwarddownward第29页/共54页9.By
16、1990,onlyless thanmore thanalmostaboutoveras many asthree-quarters40 percent ofone out of fiveone in fourcollege populationsgraduateshousewivespreferred to liked as againstas compared withlast year,1980,第30页/共54页10.The was of the 1990 total.numberrate 15 percent/15 per thousand,less thanmore thana h
17、alfa third/quarter第31页/共54页Basic Writing Process of the Composition Have a correct understanding of the given information,and grasp the main idea;2)Make a careful analysis of the information;3)Use the right technique of writing;(The most common techniques used in this kind of writing are:comparison
18、and contrast.)4)Make a comment on the main topic,then reach a conclusion 第32页/共54页Basic Writing Structure 1)Describe the information given in the chart or table;2)Analyze the phenomenon(its causes,consequences,etc.);3)Predict the future tendency or give your suggestions or solutions.第33页/共54页A Writi
19、ng Pattern for ReferenceDescription:In recent years China has experienced a dramatic increase in the divorce rate.According to a 1996 census on _ in some big cities,_ has continued an upward trend since forty years ago.In 1956 there were only _,and in 1986 the rate was _,but in 1996 the rate jumped
20、to _.According to the chart,during the last decade,_ in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previous thirty years.第34页/共54页A Writing Pattern for ReferenceAnalysis:The upward trend in _ seems to be a mirror of some important changes in Chinese society.First,_.Second,_.Finally,_.第35页/共54
21、页A Writing Pattern for ReferenceConclusion:Whatever changes lead to the rise in _,the fact and the statistics alone reflect the change in _.第36页/共54页Exercise:Rising Divorce Rates in China(Topic One)Directions:描写图表所反映的问题。你认为最近几年中国离婚率高的原因是什么？第37页/共54页Sample One In recent years China has experienced a
22、dramatic increase in the divorce rate.According to the chart,during the last decade,the divorce rate in big cities has increased as much as it had in the previous thirty years.第38页/共54页 The upward trend in divorce seems to be a mirror of some important changes in Chinese society.First,legal changes
23、have simplified divorce procedures,and removed barriers to divorce.More and more people,both young and old,are now benefiting from,even taking advantage of the new law which for the first time in history allows a couple to get divorced merely for loves sake.第39页/共54页 Second,there has been a signific
24、ant change in social attitude towards the divorced persons.The act of divorce is no longer considered a social stigma(耻耻辱辱).Finally,the change in personal economic activities also facilitate(vt.促进，助长促进，助长)divorce.The unprecedented(前前所未有的；空前的所未有的；空前的)social mobility in the last 10 years both within t
25、he country and across the land has placed severe strains on married couples,not only in terms of geographic separation,but also psychological change.第40页/共54页 Whatever changes leading to the rise in divorce rates,the fact and the statistics alone reflect the change in peoples traditional view of mar
26、riage and family life.第41页/共54页Changes in Peoples Diet(Topic Two)Year Food19961997199819992000Grain49%47%46.5%45%45%Milk10%11%11%12%13%Meat17%20%22.5%23%21%Fruit&Vegetables24%22%20%20%21%第42页/共54页Changes in Peoples Diet根据上图描述在过去5 5年里人们饮食上的变化；分析产生这些变化的原因；你的结论第43页/共54页Sample Two In the last 20 years,a
27、 marked change has taken place on the family dining table.According to the table,rice,the staple food of most Chinese,is now playing a less important role in their diet,while the consumption of high quality food such as meat,fish,milk and fruit has greatly increased.第44页/共54页 Two factors may contrib
28、ute to the change.One important factor is that people now enjoy a higher standard of living than ever before.In the old days few people could afford meat and milk every day,which often meant a big chunk of the family income.But now people have enough money to taste a rich variety of food.Another fac
29、tor is that people of today pay more attention to nutrition.They are not merely content to fill the stomach.They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health.第45页/共54页 In short,with peoples standard of living getting higher and higher,changes in their diet will be more obv
30、ious and greater.第46页/共54页Car Explosion in China(Topic Three)第47页/共54页Car Explosion in China根据上图描述在过去1010年里私人拥有小汽车情况的变化；分析产生这些变化的原因；你的结论第48页/共54页Sample Three As is vividly described in the table above,great changes in car ownership have taken place in China over past decade.The number of private car
31、s has accordingly increased nearly 7 times from more than 2 million in 1996 to over 14 million in 2006.Whats the reason？第49页/共54页 There are two main factors for these changes.To begin with,development in economy plays a vital role in these years.The higher incomes results in Chinese peoples owning p
32、rivate cars.Whats more,in modern society,time means money,many Chinese need a car to do business on time.第50页/共54页 In my view,however,the car explosion will constantly increase year by year,a large number of social problems such as traffic jams,among other things,are turning up nearly every city in
33、China.第51页/共54页Homework Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How People Spend Their Holidays.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the table and the outline given below:第52页/共54页1 1、根据上表，简要描述、根据上表，简要描述19901990年、年、19951995年、年、20002000年某城市人们度假方式的情况及年某城市人们度假方式的情况及其其 变化；变化；2 2、请说明发生这些变化的原因；、请说明发生这些变化的原因；3 3、得出结论。、得出结论。第53页/共54页感谢您的观看！第54页/共54页