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1、掌握新闻报道的结构新闻报道往往采用“倒金字塔体”。所谓“倒金字塔体”，也称为倒叙法，即按新闻事实重要性的程度由要点到细节逐步扩展，安排全文。把最重要的事实置于全文的第一个句子中，这个句子被称为新闻导语(the news lead)。它告知听众最关心最重要的事实，如事件(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)，以及原因和方式(why，how），即新闻导语包含了我们常说的五个WH和一个H构成的“新闻六大要素”。新闻导语是整条新闻的高度浓缩形式，听懂了导语，也就听懂了新闻的主要内容。当然，由于新闻报道的侧重点不同，有时新闻导语也可能只包含其中几个要素。第1页/共45页 A
2、general pattern in a news story is an inverted-pyramid style.It moves from the most important to the least important.The main idea usually occurs in the first one or two sentences.In long sentences,what can we focus on?Five main wh-elements:English sentence,like a tree,is composed by the trunk and l
3、eaves.Find the trunk and you will see the whole tree and then the wood.第2页/共45页Oil ministers of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries will hold an emergency meeting Friday.What：An emergency meeting will be heldWhen：FridayWho：Oil Ministers Of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countr
4、ies第3页/共45页普通词汇。尽管新闻报道所使用的词汇量很大，但是语言的基本词汇是稳定的。如VOA广播中的special English(特别节目)的新闻报告中常用词汇约1 500个，这个重复率在报道中是很高的，如cease-fire，presidential election等政治性词汇，finance banking group等经济词汇以space shuttle，robot等科技词汇。第4页/共45页专有词汇(Proper names)。新闻报道是有关世界范围的最新消息，因在报道中常涉及许多人名、地名、国名。除此之外，新闻报道中还常常出现一些河流、山脉及名胜古迹等专有名词熟悉这些专有
5、名词可使听者更快更准确地了解所听的新闻。Himalayas,Mount Everest,Niles River,Geneva,Ebola,第5页/共45页由于新闻报道时间的限制，不少机构的名称常采用其缩略形式，即由该名称中数个词的首字母的大写形式组成，如：PLO（巴勒斯坦解放组织）是the Palestine Liberation Organization的缩写形式。需要注意的是，听者不仅要了解这些缩略语的确切含义，而且还应知道它们的正确读音APEC,OPEC,IMF,UNESCO,CPPCC,NATO,IOC,IRC,WTO,WHO,WB第6页/共45页APEC亚太经济合作组织(Asia-P
6、acific Economic Cooperation)OPEC（欧佩克）石油输出国组织（Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries）IMF 国际货币基金组织（International Monetary Fund）UNESCO 联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization）CPPCC中国人民政治协商会议 Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference 第7页/共45页Assignment
7、NATOIOCIRCWTO WHOWB第8页/共45页在新闻报道中经常出现许多数字，大到几十亿，上百亿，小到分数或小数。尤其对一些多位数的数字，要想立刻听准这些数字的确不容易，其主要难点在于位数过多。因此在听多位数的数字时，应对billion(十亿)、million(百万)、thousand(千)、hundred(百)等词尤为重视。同时，要注意一个数字的多种读法，如播音员把两个足球队比赛结果2：0读作two to nothing而不是读成two to nought或two to zero152,489,357 3,695,741,526第9页/共45页目前，许多外台(如BBC，VOA)的新闻英
8、语报道有特别英语(Special English)和标准英语(Standard English)两种。所谓Special English也可称为慢速英语，即新闻播放的语速较慢。就VOA而言，慢速英语每分钟不超过90个单词，而且新闻报道均是由简单易懂的英语缩写的，因此较适合初级阶段的新闻英语训练。然而它毕竟有其局限性，只能作为听力训练的一种手段，而不是新闻英语训练要达到的最终目的。第10页/共45页要想过真正通过新闻英语这一关，还必须进行Standard English的训练。Standard English也可称为常速英语，即新闻英语是用正常的语速播送的。就VOA而言，常速英语每分钟为135个
9、单词，而且句法和词汇方面的难度也大些。经过从慢速英语到常速英语相当长一段时间练习后，收听新闻英语的能力一定会有很大提高。第11页/共45页平时应养成多看报纸，常听广播的习惯，这样就可以掌国际、国内的一些阶段性的热门话题及一些有争论的问题。若有可能的话，最好在收听新闻英语之前，先听一下汉语新闻广播。对于当天国际、国内发生的一些大事做到心中有数，然后，再收听外台的新闻英语报道。由于已有了一定背景知识，这些新闻英语报道就容易听懂了。当然在更高层次上也可以先听英语新闻，然后验之以汉语新闻。第12页/共45页收听英语新闻广播时有两点要注意：听懂英语新闻广播必须要有一定的听力理解水平，因对于外语初学者来说
10、，应着重提高自己的英语听力水平，不要急于收听外台新闻广播，到了中高级阶段开始收听英语新闻广播较为合适。听者除掌握以上提到的技巧外，还必须多听多练，持之以恒地坚持听下去，就能最终达到“能听懂外台英语新闻广播”这一目标。第13页/共45页Tips:要想在迅速掌握新闻听力题的做题要领，请注意以下要点：要点一：要详略得当听到英语新闻，不要被个别专用名词，如人名、国名地名、组织机构名等吓倒。要知道，对于绝大部分考题，这些专用名词听不懂也不影响解答，因此属于可忽略不听的信息。另外，新闻的文体结构特色鲜明，即呈倒金字塔结构，重点信息集中在开头尤其第一句话，接下来则是侧重细节展开的分述性信息。开头第一句话为新
11、闻导语，相当于全文的主题句，要详细把握和听懂这一句话，从而掌握全文基调，利于理解。第14页/共45页要点二：新闻六要素一篇标准的新闻报道，必须包括六大要素，可概括为5个W和1个H，具体如下-When-新闻发生时间Where-新闻发生地点Who-新闻涉及人物What-所发生的新闻事件Why-为何会发生这一新闻事件How-新闻事件的背景，如何会诱发、促成这一事件;后续情况如何 所谓要点，对于考试题目来说就是考点。因此，考生如果善于在听的时候把握以上新闻六要素，就可轻松理清头绪，条分缕析地掌握新闻内容。第15页/共45页要点三：善于联系上下文加强理解由于新闻播报的特殊性，一篇新闻内在结构往往非常紧密
12、，内容环环相扣，这对考生来说是一大优势-如果遇到某些听不懂的内容，马上结合上下文，尤其是开头的新闻导语主题句，借助全篇总体内容，理解听到的个别细节。另外，平时也要多注意积累，多听、多看中文新闻，熟悉最新的国际时事，尤其政治、经济、军事、重大科研进展等方面的事件，这样再过渡到听英语的新闻，就可联想现有知识来帮助理解。第16页/共45页 It has been nearly three years since President Barack Obama _what has been called the Asia pivot.The term describes increasing atten
13、tion on East Asia and the Pacific after reducing American _in Iraq and Afghanistan.This week,President Obama left Washington for a weeklong trip to four Asian countries.The trip aimed to _U.S.support for the security of Asian _and for reducing trade _among Pacific nations.Mr.Obama arrived in Japan W
14、ednesday at a time when a number of allies are concerned about Chinas military_.Many Japanese have noted the failure of the Obama administration to act on its threats to attack Syria.They have seen the administrations _to provide military aid to_.The Japanese are worried that the United States may n
15、ot come to Japans aid.announcedinvolvementrestatealliesbarriersexpansionunwillingnessUkraine第17页/共45页 On Thursday,the president said the U.S.would _a defense treaty with Japan if China seizes a _group of islands.The islands are known as Senkaku in Japan and as Diaoyu in China.Mr.Obama spoke after ta
16、lks with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.The treaty between the United States and Japan _my birth,so obviously this isnt a red line that Im drawing.It is the standard interpretation over multiple administrations of the terms of the alliance,which is that _under the administration of Japan are cov
17、ered under the treaty.Theres no shift in_.Theres no red line thats been drawn.Were simply _the treaty.honordisputedpreceded territoriespositionapplying第18页/共45页Listening PracticeExercise One1.Identify the five main wh-elements2.Retell what have you heard 3.Fill in the blanks第19页/共45页 North Korea is
18、threatening to _a new nuclear test in _ to a U.N.committees _of alleged human rights abuses by Pyongyang.A UN General Assembly Committee resolution recommends the _refer North Korea to the International Criminal Court for alleged crimes against humanity.North Korea says the resolution is filled with
19、 _slanders.conductresponsecondemnationSecurity Council vicious第20页/共45页Exercise Two Listening Dictation A new United Nations report finds the presence of large numbers of sophisticated weapons as well as foreign fighters,including Russian soldiers,are worsening the human rights situation in eastern
20、Ukraine.Lisa Schlein has details:“This seventh U.N.monthly report on Ukraine shows the situation in the rebel-controlled areas of eastern Ukraine has worsened.The report says more than 4,300 people were killed and more than 9,900 wounded in the conflict-affected areas from mid-April to November 18th
21、.According to the U.N.,an average of 13 people have been killed every day since the government and rebels reached agreement on a cease-fire in early September.Lisa Schlein for VOA News,Geneva.第21页/共45页Exercise Three Answer the following questions:1.Whats the President going to do in about three hour
22、s?2.Whats purpose of the Presidents new plan?3.What does the President think of the immigration policies?4.Where can we hear the Presidents remarks第22页/共45页Exercise Four The United States says new western economic_against Russia for its _in Ukraine will target Moscows defense industry and companies
23、with close links to President Vladimir Putin.Speaking on US news show Sunday,_national security adviser Tony Blinken said that starting this week,the latest sanctions would _what he called additional pressure on the corporate officials _to Mr.Putin and the companies they control.Earlier sanctions ta
24、rgeted at some banking activities and other corporate officials close to Mr.Putin.sanctionsinvolvementdeputyexertclosest Fill in the blanks第23页/共45页Exercise FiveAnswer the following questions:1.What has a grand jury declined to do?2.Who has been killed and how?3.Where did he die?4.How did the family
25、s lawyer feel about the decision?第24页/共45页 Fill in the blanks A grand jury in New York has declined to press_charges against a white police officer in connection with the death of an unarmed black man in July.Eric Garner was killed by the policemans_,a practice banned by the New York police departme
26、nt.Nick Bryant reports from New York.“Eric Garners death_widespread outrage after a video of the incident was posted online._ in broad daylight,it clearly shows a white police officer holding the unarmed black man in a_.Eric Garner,who suffered from_,can be heard gasping,“I cant breathe!I cant breat
27、he!”criminal strangleholdsparkedFilmedheadlockasthma第25页/共45页 A second video showed him lying _on the ground,with police and paramedics making no apparent effort to _him.He later died in hospital.The grand jury in Staten Island had been asked to consider whether to _the police officer who held him i
28、n a headlock,Daniel Pantaleo.But it has decided against bringing any criminal charges.The Garner familys lawyer said he was_.”motionlessreviveindictastonished第26页/共45页Dictation one:The British government has expressed disappointment at Chinas decision to deny a British Parliamentary committee permis
29、sion to enter Hong Kong to conduct an inquiry.A British foreign office spokesman said the refusal was not in the spirit of agreements signed 30 years ago for the transfer of Hong Kong sovereignty from Britain to China.第27页/共45页Dictation two:Student leaders and the Hong Kong government have agreed to
30、 hold formal talks about ending the pro-democracy demonstrations which are still blocking some roads in the city.No firm date has been set for the talks.The BBC correspondent in Hong Kong says Beijing has made clear that its unwilling to give up the right to decide who can stand for election as the
31、territorys leader in 2017.The protestors have lifted a blockade of government offices,but hundreds remain on the streets.第28页/共45页Answer the following questions:1.Whats the main idea of this piece of news?2.How many people have been killed?3.What happened after the blast?4.How many people were injur
32、ed?And why?第29页/共45页 A _car bombing in the Iraqi capital Baghdad has killedat least 15 people.Iraqi officials said the bomber blew himself up after _a vehicle cramped with _into a security checkpoint in the Shiite District of Kadhimiya.The blast was _by a mortar fire.The area in northern Baghdad is
33、the site of a major Shiite shrine.Security sources said a mortar round _near the shrine.More than 30 People were injured.suiciderammingexplosiveslandedfollowed第30页/共45页True or false:1.President Obama says he hopes to see China become prosperous2.The APEC summit was held in Shanghai.3.Altogether Pres
34、ident Obama visited Asia nine times.4.The short-term tourist and business visa to America can last for one to ten years.第31页/共45页 President Barack Obama says his government welcomes the rise of a prosperous and peaceful China.He made the comment during a speech to business leaders at the Asia-Pacifi
35、c Economic Cooperation summit in Beijing:“This is my sixth trip to Asia as President and my second this year alone.And thats because as Ive said on each of my visits,America is thoroughly a Pacific nation.Weve always had a history with Asia and our future,our security and our prosperity is inextrica
36、bly intertwined with Asia.”President Obama also announced a new visa policy with China,one that will increase the validity of short-term tourist and business visas issued to one anothers citizens from one to ten years.第32页/共45页Fill in the blanks:Police and medical workers man checkpoints on the _of
37、Kenema in Sierra Leone,the site of an Ebola outbreak that is spreading across West Africa.Authorities are forcing people to test for the disease,some _try to avoid detection,_to die in secret.Ebola causes fever,vomiting,bleeding and diarrhea.It is spread through contact with the blood or other fluid
38、s of _people.Doctors say a lack of understanding is contributing to its rapid spread.Porous borders between the infected countries make it difficult to_.The death toll from the outbreak is growing.Doctors warn the response has so far been far from_.Henry Ridgwell,for VOA News,London.outskirtsvictims
39、preferringinfectedcontainadequate第33页/共45页True or false:1.The French cultural minister hasnt read a single novel2.This years Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to an English.3.Taking up the ministerial post leave no time for her to read books4.Peoples attitudes toward her explanation are quite d
40、ifferent.第34页/共45页 There has been shock in France at the revelation that the countrys culture minister hasnt read a single novel in the past two years.The minister Fleur Pellerin made the admission while being interviewed on the television about the French winner of this years Nobel Prize for litera
41、ture Patrick Modiano.Our correspondent Lucy Williamson was watching.In the interview yesterday,Mrs.Pellerin described having had a wonderful lunch with the writer in question,Patrick Modiano,but wasnt able to say which of his titles she preferred because she said she hadnt had time to read his books
42、 or indeed any others since taking up a ministerial post two years ago.Mrs.Pellerins comments have caused a lively debate on social media with some accusing her of being a technocrat but many s y m p a t h i z e w i t h h e r s i t u a t i o n.Our correspondent Lucy Williamson was reporting from Par
43、is.第35页/共45页Multiple choices:1.What does Syrian President think of the UN proposal?A.It is meaningless.B.it is useles.s C.it is worthy to be studied.D.it is constructive.2.Whats the goal of the plan?A.To bring peace to the city in battleB.To distribute some food to the refugeeC.put pressure on the S
44、yrian governmentD.To reconstruct the country 3.How many people died in the civil war?A.20,000 B.120,000 C.200,000 D.12,000第36页/共45页Fill in the blanks:Syrian President Bashar al Assad says a U.N.proposal for a _in rebel-contested Aleppo was“_ studying.”Mr.Assad says the plan would need to be worked o
45、n to achieve its goals of returning security to the_city.The plan envisions a _in fighting to allow for humanitarian aid through a series of small-scale,locally-negotiated_.Syrias three-year civil war has _at least 200-thousand lives.cease-fireworthembattledfreezetrucesclaimed第37页/共45页Dictation:The
46、United Nations Weather Agency has _that the world is on course for the warmest year since records began,which it says _a rising trend consistent with climate change.The Head of the UN Climate Change Secretary Christiana Figueres said that high temperatures of vast areas of the ocean surface were _wo
47、rrying.“The heat is being _by the oceans.There is no doubt that the ocean continues to warm and that on a very very consistent basis,and what it is doing,_,is doing us a little_.They are absorbing the heat that could have gone to the land and paying the price.”warnedconfirmsparticularlyabsorbedfrank
48、lyfavor第38页/共45页Fill in the blanks:An Egyptian court _the Islamic State as a terrorist group.The court said Sunday that it also considers all of the affiliates of the _group to be terrorist organizations,including Ansar Beit al-Maqdis,an Egyptian jihadi group that pledged its _to the Islamic State e
49、arlier this month.Meanwhile,Syrian activists say that in the last day at least 50 Islamic State _were killed in the ongoing fight for control of Kobani,a Syrian town just south of the _border.The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights says the militants were killed in _fighting with Kurdish forces,U.S.
50、_and suicide bomb attacks.Eleven Kurdish forces in Kobani were killed.This is VOA News.designatedinsurgentallegiancemilitantsTurkishintenseairstrikes第39页/共45页Answer the following questions:1.What would happen to the deposed Egyptian President?2.Where is the President now and why?3.What is a court de