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1、2、对句子进行适当拆分，并调整语序。1)The construction of such a satellite is now believed to be quite reliable(1),its realization being supported with all the contemporary science(2),which have brought into being not only materials capable of withstanding severe stresses involved and high temperatures developed,but
2、new technological processes as well(3).析：英语原句中，(1)是主句，(2)是独立主格结构，(3)是非限制性 定语从句，补充说明（2）中的“contemporary science”，在翻 译时拆开了定语从句，并将此从句提到句首，使行文较为自然。译：现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温、高压的材料，译：现代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高温、高压的材料，而且也提供了新的工艺流程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，相信而且也提供了新的工艺流程。依靠现代科学的这些成就，相信完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星。完全可以制造出这样的人造卫星。Part Four:Writin
3、g and Translation TranslationTo be continued第1页/共12页译：在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了数以百计细致具体的行为译：在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了数以百计细致具体的行为举止。这些行为举止都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征举止。这些行为举止都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征的一部分。的一部分。2)In the process of growing up,each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated int
4、o its gender identity.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation第2页/共12页3、对句子的某些短语进行结构转换，某些语法结构进行拆分，、对句子的某些短语进行结构转换，某些语法结构进行拆分，适当增添词，并调整语序。适当增添词，并调整语序。析：句子主干是析：句子主干是“The big problem of and the big problem of have to be solved in the course of translation”，翻译中被拆分，翻译中被拆分为两个汉语句子，短语为两个汉语句子，短语“The big
5、 problem of”进行了结构转换，进行了结构转换，使之成为汉语的句子；定语从句使之成为汉语的句子；定语从句“which ranges from”修饰修饰 Chinese，在译文中采用了换序方法，将它提前；在此句翻译，在译文中采用了换序方法，将它提前；在此句翻译中进行了重新组合，还采用了增词技巧。中进行了重新组合，还采用了增词技巧。1)The big problem of comprehension of the English text and the big problem of how to express it in rich,present-day Chinese which r
6、anges from the classical to the colloquial,have to be solved in the course of translation.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation第3页/共12页译：了解英语原义是一个大问题，现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄，译：了解英语原义是一个大问题，现代汉语文言口语兼收并蓄，怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原义也是一个大问怎么用这样丰富多彩的文字来表达英语原义也是一个大问 题。这两个问题都要在翻译中得到解决。题。这两个问题都要在翻译中得到解决。Part Four:Writ
7、ing and Translation Translation第4页/共12页译：必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的译：必须把大量时间花在确保关键人物均根据同一情报和目的行事，而这一切对人的体力和洞察力都是一大考验。因此，行事，而这一切对人的体力和洞察力都是一大考验。因此，一旦考虑成熟，就应迅速做出决策。一旦考虑成熟，就应迅速做出决策。2)Decisions must be made very rapidly;physical endurance is tested as much as perception,because an enormous amount of time
8、 must be spent making certain that the key figures act on the basis of the same information and purpose.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation第5页/共12页4、对长句中的某些从句进行结构转换，并按照汉语的叙事顺、对长句中的某些从句进行结构转换，并按照汉语的叙事顺序调整语序。序调整语序。Dr.Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 an
9、d financed by the Federal government(1)as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failures,which had resulted in its forced suspension(2).析：句中析：句中(1)是主句，其中过去分词短语是主句，其中过去分词短语“begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government”作为定语修饰作为定语修饰 experiment，(2)是是“as soon as”引导的时间状
10、语从句，包引导的时间状语从句，包含着含着which引导的非限制性定语从句。翻译时，按汉语叙事习引导的非限制性定语从句。翻译时，按汉语叙事习惯，以惯，以时间顺序重新安排语序时间顺序重新安排语序，把，把“his original disappointment at repeated failures”转换成因果关系转换成因果关系，并在，并在翻译时把名词翻译时把名词转译转译成了动词。成了动词。Part Four:Writing and Translation TranslationTo be continued第6页/共12页译：史密斯医生于译：史密斯医生于1945年开始着手由联邦政年开始着手由联邦
11、政府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而感府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而感到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在他又到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在他又重新振作起来，恢复了抗癌实验活动。重新振作起来，恢复了抗癌实验活动。Dr.Smith resumed the activities of the anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government(1)as soon as he recovered from his original disappointment at repeated failure
12、s,which had resulted in its forced suspension(2).Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation第7页/共12页Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation 英语的长句的语法结构、逻辑关系与语义往往比较复杂，且各种词类、非谓语动词以及充当形式主语和宾语的it等交错运用，要把长句翻译得准确、流畅、实质上需要充分运用各种翻译技巧，并结合上下文语境，或顺译，或倒译，或拆分，或结构转换，或增减词汇，对全句进行综合处理，以便通顺、忠实地传递原文意思。总结总结第8页/共
13、12页Translation PracticePart Four:Writing and Translation TranslationTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1.When I can wake up and watch the sun-rise over the ocean,as I do most days,and know that I have an entire day ahead,uninterrupted,in which to write a few pages,take a walk with my dog
14、,read and listen to music,I am flooded with happiness.大部分日子我都能自己醒来，然后去观赏海洋上空的日出美景，心里知道我有整整一天属于我自己，不受任何干扰，可以写几页稿子，牵狗散散步，读读书，听听音乐。每每这样做这样想的时候，喜悦就如同潮水般向我涌来。To be continued第9页/共12页Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2.Children need the family,but the family seems also to need children,as the so
15、cial institution uniquely available,at least in principle,for security,comfort,assurance,and direction in a changing,often hostile,world.孩子需要家庭，家庭也似乎需要孩子。家庭作为独特的社会单位（细胞）似乎需要孩子，以便在一个不断变化、经常充满敌意的世界里获得安全、舒适、保险，并有所依靠。3.There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally into the rural life,as the c
16、ost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland.有时外面的世界残酷的闯入乡村生活，例如汽油价格上涨啦，开发商将目光投向未开垦的土地啦等等。To be continued第10页/共12页Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation4.But this explanation may appear too simple to satisfy the skeptics,who have recently discovered that Jordan
17、does not lead an untroubled private life.但是，这种解释也许显得过于简单，不能给那些持怀疑态度的人们一个满意的答复。那些怀疑论者最近发现，乔丹的个人生活并非无忧无虑。5.Today the ancient,ancestral wisdom of the hand has been largely replaced by the simple,movements of the machine operator;our glass and china,furniture,books,and textiles are almost entirely products of the machine.手工的智慧古已有之，代代相传，如今大部分已为机器操作员的简易动作所取而代之了。我们用的玻璃、瓷器、家具、书籍和织品等几乎统统是机器制成品。第11页/共12页感谢您的观看！第12页/共12页