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1、Computer Concepts 2014Chapter 1Computers and Digital Basics1Chapter ContentsSection A:All Things DigitalSection B:Digital DevicesSection C:Digital Data RepresentationSection D:Digital ProcessingSection E:Password SecurityChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics21Section A:All Things DigitalChapter 1:C
2、omputers and Digital Basics31The Digital RevolutionThe digital revolution is an ongoing process of social,political,and economic change brought about by digital technology,such as computers and the InternetThe technology driving the digital revolution is based on digital electronics and the idea tha
3、t electrical signals can represent data,such as numbers,words,pictures,and musicChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics41The Digital RevolutionDigitization is the process of converting text,numbers,sound,photos,and video into data that can be processed by digital devicesThe digital revolution has evo
4、lved through four phases,beginning with big,expensive,standalone computers,and progressing to todays digital world in which small,inexpensive digital devices are everywhereChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics51The Digital RevolutionChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics61Data ProcessingSome histor
5、ians mark the 1980s as the beginning of the digital revolution,but engineers built the first digital computers during World War II for breaking codes and calculating missile trajectoriesComputers were operated by trained techniciansBack then,processing components for computers were housed in closet-
6、sized cabinets that did not usually include a keyboard or display device Chapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics71Data ProcessingData processing is based on an input-processing-output cycleData goes into a computer,it is processed,and then it is outputChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics81Personal
7、ComputingThe model for the second phase of the digital revolution,personal computing is characterized by small,standalone computers powered by local softwareLocal software refers to any software that is installed on a computers hard drive Chapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics91Personal ComputingCha
8、pter 1:Computers and Digital Basics101Network ComputingThe third phase of the digital revolution materialized as computers became networked and when the Internet was opened to public useA computer network is a group of computers linked together to share data and resources The Internet is a global co
9、mputer network originally developed as a military project,and was then handed over to the National Science Foundation for research and academic use Chapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics111Network ComputingThe Web(short for World Wide Web)is a collection of linked documents,graphics,and sounds that
10、can be accessed over the InternetDuring the period from 19952010,computing was characterized by the Web,e-mail,multiplayer games,music downloads,and enormous software applications,such as Microsoft Office,Nortons Internet Security Suite,and Corel Digital StudioChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics1
11、21Cloud ComputingLocal applications are being eclipsed by cloud computing,which characterizes the fourth phase of the digital revolutionCloud computing provides access to information,applications,communications,and storage over the InternetThe expansion of cloud computing is due in part to convergen
12、ce,a process by which several technologies with distinct functionalities evolve to form a single product Chapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics131Cloud ComputingChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics141Cloud ComputingConvergence is important to the digital revolution because it created sophisticated
13、 mobile devices whose owners demand access to the same services available from full-size computers on their desksSocial media are cloud-based applications designed for social interaction and consumer-generated content Chapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics151Cloud ComputingChapter 1:Computers and Di
14、gital Basics161Digital SocietyDigital technologies and communications networks make it easy to cross cultural and geographic boundariesAnonymous Internet sites,such as Freenet,and anonymizer tools that cloak a persons identity,even make it possible to exercise freedom of speech in situations where r
15、eprisals might repress itCitizens of free societies have an expectation of privacyIntellectual property refers to the ownership of certain types of information,ideas,or representationsChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics171Digital SocietyDigital technology is an important factor in global and nati
16、onal economies,in addition to affecting the economic status of individualsGlobalization can be defined as the worldwide economic interdependence of countries that occurs as cross-border commerce increases and as money flows more freely among countriesSome individuals are affected by the digital divi
17、de,a term that refers to the gap between people who have access to technology and those who do notDigital technology permeates the very core of modern lifeChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics181Top Innovations in Recent Years(23 of the 30 are in the field of IT)1Information TechnologyInformation T
18、echnology(IT)describes any technology that helps to produce,manipulate,store,communicate,and/or disseminate informationA computer is a programmable,multiuse machine that accepts data raw facts and figures and processes,or manipulates it into information we can use.Communications technology,also call
19、ed telecommunications technology,consists of electromagnetic devices and systems for communicating over long distances.Information Technology(IT)=Computer Technology+Communications Technology1Three Directions of Computer DevelopmentsMiniaturizationSpeedAffordability1Three Directions of Communication
20、s DevelopmentConnectivityInteractivityMultimedia1Computers&Communications CombineConvergencePortabilityPersonalizationCollaborationCloud computing:The global computer1QuestionComputers and the digital revolution have changed our lives in many fundamental ways.If you were on the front lines of the di
21、gital revolution when computers were first developed to break codes and calculate missile trajectories,you were most likely living in what time period?A.World War IB.The Roaring TwentiesC.World War IID.The 1960sChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics241AnswerCChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics251
22、QuestionAccording to Figure 1-2,AOL and CompuServe were popular when:A.data processing was the main digital technology B.most people had dial-up Internet access and used desktop computersC.smart phones and tablets were introducedD.people stopped using cloud computing Chapter 1:Computers and Digital
23、Basics261AnswerBChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics271QuestionDuring the second phase of the digital revolution,which one of the following was making news headlines?A.A new band called The BeatlesB.The first space flightC.President Bill ClintonD.Apple II computersChapter 1:Computers and Digital B
24、asics281AnswerDChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics291QuestionThe Web and the Internet are not the same.Why?A.The Internet is a communications network;but the Web consists of content that is distributed by the InternetB.The Internet consists of sites like Twitter and Facebook,whereas the Web links devices like iPods and computersChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics301AnswerAChapter 1:Computers and Digital Basics31