《安全仪表系统简介.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《安全仪表系统简介.pptx（22页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、2004-04-28U.Schuenemann1What are E&I S.I.S.什么是电仪什么是电仪S.I.S?E&I Safety Instrumented Systems(S.I.S.):E&I Safety Instrumented Systems(S.I.S.):电仪安全仪表系统电仪安全仪表系统S.I.S.preventS.I.S.prevent 安全仪表系统用于防止：安全仪表系统用于防止：personnel injurypersonnel injury 人身伤害或人身伤害或 environmental damageenvironmental damage 环境破坏环境破坏cau
2、sed by a not tolerable fault state of the plant caused by a not tolerable fault state of the plant 由装置的不可接受的故障所造成由装置的不可接受的故障所造成 S.I.S.are defined in the Safety Review Step 2.S.I.S.are defined in the Safety Review Step 2.安全仪表系统是在安全风险评估的第二步中定义的安全仪表系统是在安全风险评估的第二步中定义的第1页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann2Clas
3、sification of E&I functions 电仪功能的分类电仪功能的分类第2页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann3Definition of SIS:Safety Review step 2SIS的定义的定义:安全审查步骤安全审查步骤2SEVERITY 严重性严重性S1PotentialforoneormorefatalitiesS2Potentialforoneormoreseriousinjuries(irreversible)S3PotentialforoneormorelosttimeinjuriesS4Potentialforminorinjurie
4、s,orirritationE&I SIS can be used for“risk class B and C”.电仪电仪SIS可用于可用于“B级和级和C级风险级风险”SeverityProbability严严重性概率重性概率S1S2S3S4P0(=1/y)ABDEP1(1/10y)A/BBEEP2(1/100y)BCEFP3(1/1.000y)CDFFP4(1/10.000y)EFFF第3页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann4Example:E&I Safety Review 2 Checklist实例实例:电仪安全审查电仪安全审查2检查清单检查清单第4页/共22页2
5、004-04-28U.Schuenemann5Failures of a S.I.S.S.I.S的故障的故障Active errortriggers off the safety function for no reasonplant is switched back to safe operationreduction of production availability 有源故障有源故障-无缘无故触发安全功能无缘无故触发安全功能-装置切回到安全运行装置切回到安全运行-生产运行可用率降低生产运行可用率降低Passive error 无源故障无源故障inhibits the required
6、safety function plant continues operation although it should be switched offimpacting the process safetyadversely affecting the safety function 对安全功能产生不利影响对安全功能产生不利影响no adverse effect onthe safety function对安全功能无不利影响对安全功能无不利影响Failure 故障故障Time-averaged probability for a passive Time-averaged probabili
7、ty for a passive fault:fault:PFD“Probability of Failure on Demand”PFD“Probability of Failure on Demand”无源故障的时间平均可能性无源故障的时间平均可能性:PFD”PFD”指令故障的可能性指令故障的可能性“第5页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann6Components of a SIS SIS的组分的组分Shut-Down SystemShut-Down System 停车系统停车系统Logic in Failsafe PLC or Hardwired system在故障安
8、全型可编程控制器或硬接线系统中的逻辑Redundant sensors冗余的传感器Valve阀门Solenoid valve电磁阀Instrument air supply 仪表气源Rack Room Rack Room 机柜间机柜间Field Field 现场现场第6页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann7Passive Faults of sensors and actuators传感器和致动器的无源故障传感器和致动器的无源故障mass flow meter mass flow meter after pressure after pressure pulsepulse
9、压力脉冲下游的压力脉冲下游的质量流量计质量流量计lost control valve plugcontrol valve plug,damaged by cavitationrestriction orifice,deformed by flow限流孔板限流孔限流孔板限流孔板,流量造成的变形流量造成的变形调节阀阀塞调节阀阀塞,空穴造成的损坏空穴造成的损坏第7页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann8Some mathematics 一些算法一些算法TITestIntervalbetweenfunctionaltestsofSIS,timeneededtodiscoverdan
10、gerousfaults SISSIS功能测试之间的时间间隔功能测试之间的时间间隔,发发现危险故障需要的时间现危险故障需要的时间MTBFMeanTimeBetweenFailureofanequipment设备故障之间的平均时间设备故障之间的平均时间l=1/MTBFfailurerate故障率故障率Pf(t)Probabilityoffailure(tofunction).Forconstantfailureratesl:Pf(t)=(1e-lt)故障概率故障概率(对功能而言对功能而言).).恒定故障率恒定故障率 l:Pl:Pf f(t)=(1 e(t)=(1 e-l t-l t)PFDPro
11、babilityofFailureonDemand=Pf(t),timeaveragedovertestintervalTI指令故障概率指令故障概率=P=Pf f(t),(t),时间间隔时间间隔TITI的平均时间的平均时间PFD=1/TI0TIPf(t)dt第8页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann9PFD Probability of Failure on DemandPFD指令故障概率指令故障概率Probability Pf(t)for finding equipment in dangerous fault state after time t has passed
12、since last functional test自上次功能试验自上次功能试验以来经过时间以来经过时间 t 后后,发现设备处发现设备处在危险故障状态在危险故障状态的概率的概率.Pf(t)=(1 e-l t)time average 时间平均值时间平均值PFD Probability of Failure on demandPFDPFDPFDPFD指令故障概率指令故障概率指令故障概率指令故障概率PFD depends on failure rate of equipment AND test interval.PFD取决于设备取决于设备ANDAND试验间隔的故障率试验间隔的故障率第9页/共22
13、页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann10Calculation of PFD PFD的计算的计算PFDcalculationofanindividualequipmenteasy,ifyouhavetestintervalfailurerate(givenbysupplier)如有试验间隔和故障率如有试验间隔和故障率(供货方提供供货方提供),则某个设备的则某个设备的PFD计算就不难计算就不难PFD-calculationformorecomplexconfigurations(2oo3etc.)canbedoneusingsimplestatisticalmodels:Goodfo
14、rcomparingdifferentconfigurations.用简单的统计模型可进行较复杂的配置用简单的统计模型可进行较复杂的配置(2003等等)的的PFD计计算算ForSIS:PFDoffielddomainandcontroldomainmustbeadded.对于对于SIS:必须加上磁场域和控制域的必须加上磁场域和控制域的PFD PFDSIS=PFDsensor+PFDPLC+PFDactuator第10页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann11Calculation of PFD the problemsPFD的计算的计算问题问题PFDdataforfield
15、instrumentsusuallynotveryreliable(notexperimentallyverifiedforchemicalenvironment).用于现场仪表的用于现场仪表的PFD数据通常不是很可靠数据通常不是很可靠(对于对于化学环境未经试验验证化学环境未经试验验证).ContributiontoFailureProbability(PFD):对对故障概率的影响因素故障概率的影响因素calculatedvaluesforPFD:oftennotveryaccurate.PFD计算值计算值:经常不太准经常不太准Field InstrumentsField Instrument
16、s85%85%现场仪表现场仪表Logic SolverLogic Solver(failsafe PLC(failsafe PLC)15%15%逻辑解答器逻辑解答器(故障保护故障保护PLC)PLC)第11页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann12“SIL”requirements for SIS SIS的的“SIL”要求要求Safety Integrity Level(SIL)安全一体化水安全一体化水平平Probability of Failure on Demand(PFD)指令故障概率指令故障概率1 0.10 -0.01operating and monitoring
17、functions 运行和检测功能运行和检测功能20.01-0.001SIS(“Class A functions”)SIS(“A级功能级功能”)30.001-0.00014 0.0001can not be realized by means of E&I functions alone不能仅靠电仪功不能仅靠电仪功能来实现能来实现For SIS:international and BASF standards request SIL 2 or SIL 3.对于对于SIS:国际标准和巴斯夫标准要求国际标准和巴斯夫标准要求SIL2 或或 SIL3.第12页/共22页2004-04-28U.Sch
18、uenemann13How to meet“SIL”requirements 如何满如何满足足“SIL”要求要求1.Right Instruments:from BASF standard list(field proven)or certified 仪表正确仪表正确:来自巴斯夫标准清单或核准者来自巴斯夫标准清单或核准者(SIL 2,TUV certificate,)Devices without systematic design or manufacturing errors which can lead to common failure of redundant channels at
19、 the same time.2.Right Design:Redundancy,Diversity.Use design typicals in BASF standard.设计正确设计正确:冗余冗余,多样性多样性.采用巴斯夫标准中的典型设计采用巴斯夫标准中的典型设计 Redundant(and diverse)channels of sensors and actuators make system tolerant against single passive and active faults.3.Testing,Maintenance:perform commissioning te
20、st and periodic functional proof tests of SIS.测试测试,维护维护:进行进行SIS调试试验和定期的功能验证试验调试试验和定期的功能验证试验 In order to discover passive faults of SIS.Test interval depends on design.第13页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann14BASF Global Standard Lists 巴斯夫全球标准清单巴斯夫全球标准清单BASFs Standard DevicesBASFs Standard Deviceshave passe
21、d extensive laboratory have passed extensive laboratory testing acc.to IEC770 at BASF,testing acc.to IEC770 at BASF,Ludwigshafen.Ludwigshafen.are field-proven in non-safety related are field-proven in non-safety related applications.applications.have shown no passive fault during field have shown no
22、 passive fault during field testing (at least 10 devices monitored testing (at least 10 devices monitored for 1 year).for 1 year).巴斯夫的标准装置巴斯夫的标准装置已通过广泛的实验室试验已通过广泛的实验室试验,符合路德维希符合路德维希港巴斯夫港巴斯夫IEC770IEC770标准标准.在相关危险应用中经过现场验证在相关危险应用中经过现场验证.在现场测试中未出现无源故障在现场测试中未出现无源故障 (至少至少1010台台装置被检测了一年装置被检测了一年).).第14页/共2
23、2页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann15Design:Typicals for SIL2 and SIL3 设计设计:SIL2 和和 SIL3的典型之处的典型之处SIL2:single channel design 1oo1can be used12 month test interval可使用单信道设计可使用单信道设计1oo112个月的试验间隔个月的试验间隔SIL3:SIL3:single channel design not allowed single channel design not allowed at least:2 sensors(1oo2)and 2 at l
24、east:2 sensors(1oo2)and 2 actuators.actuators.12 month test interval.12 month test interval.不允许单信道设计不允许单信道设计至少至少2 2个传感器个传感器(1(1oo2)oo2)和和2 2个致动器个致动器1212个月的试验间隔个月的试验间隔第15页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann16PFD of different Architectures 不同结构的不同结构的PFDWhatsthebestconfiguration:1oo1,1oo2,2oo2,2oo3,2oo4,?最佳组态
25、是什么最佳组态是什么?Consider:“failureondemand”-rate(affectsplantsafety)“falsetrip”-rate(affectsplantavailability)须考虑须考虑:“指令故障指令故障”率率 (影响装置安影响装置安全全)“误跳闸误跳闸”率率 (影响装置影响装置可用率可用率)plant safety plant safety 装置安全率装置安全率装置安全率装置安全率plant availability plant availability 装置可用率装置可用率装置可用率装置可用率HigherHigher高高LowerLower低低2oo22
26、oo2/2oo41oo12oo31oo31oo2/2oo42oo31oo31oo21oo1第16页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann17Commissioning&Proof Testing of E&I S.I.S.安全仪表系统的调试及试验安全仪表系统的调试及试验 All International and BASF standards for SIS All International and BASF standards for SIS require a documented testsrequire a documented tests所有有关的国际标准或所有有
27、关的国际标准或BASFBASF标准均要求对安全仪表系统进行有标准均要求对安全仪表系统进行有文档记录的测试文档记录的测试periodic proof tests periodic proof tests 周期性的试验周期性的试验commissioning test before startup commissioning test before startup 开车前的调试开车前的调试 Objective for Commissioning Test:Objective for Commissioning Test:调试的目的是为了检查：调试的目的是为了检查：design according t
28、o Safety Review 2 design according to Safety Review 2 设计遵照安全风险评估第二步所要求设计遵照安全风险评估第二步所要求installation ok installation ok 安装正确安装正确parameter settings ok parameter settings ok 参数设置无误参数设置无误function of instruments(sensors and actuators)ok function of instruments(sensors and actuators)ok 仪表功能（传感器仪表功能（传感器,执行器
29、）均正确无误执行器）均正确无误logic action correct logic action correct 逻辑动作正确逻辑动作正确Commissioning test of S.I.S.will be main task for CTA PM during Commissioning test of S.I.S.will be main task for CTA PM during commissioning of missioning of plants.在装置调试期间，安全仪表系统的调试是电仪经理的主要任务在装置调试期间，安全仪表系统的调试是电仪经理的主要任务第17页/共22页20
30、04-04-28U.Schuenemann18Responsibilities 职责职责CTA manager CTACTA经理经理Plant Manager装置经装置经理理Project team项目项目组组prepare prepare procedures procedures for for commissioning commissioning testtest准备调试步骤准备调试步骤XXapprove approve procedure for procedure for commissioning commissioning testtest调试的批准手调试的批准手续续XXcar
31、rying out carrying out the the commissioning commissioning testtest调试的实施调试的实施XResponsibilities for Commissioning Test调试试验的责任调试试验的责任第18页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann19CTA procedure for SIS Commissioning TestSIS调试试验的调试试验的CTA程序程序Status:状态状态Draft of CTA procedure completed CTA测试步骤草案已完成测试步骤草案已完成“Commissio
32、ning and Periodic Proof Test of E&I SIS”安全仪表系统的调试及周期性试验安全仪表系统的调试及周期性试验how to perform commissioning test and periodic proof test 如何进行调试及周期性试验如何进行调试及周期性试验sample test procedures and check forms 取样测试步骤及检查表格取样测试步骤及检查表格definition of responsibilities between PM,Project team,Operation department 关于装置维护组关于装置
33、维护组，项目组、运行部门的职责的定义项目组、运行部门的职责的定义第19页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann20Labeling of SIS SIS的标签的标签SIS and their components(transmitter,power supply,I/O card of a logic solver)shall be clearly markedin the documentation(Z)in the field(Z)SIS及其组分及其组分(变送器变送器,电源电源,逻辑解答逻辑解答器的器的I/O插件插件)在文件和现场在文件和现场(Z)中中均清楚地加以标出均清楚地加以标出.第20页/共22页2004-04-28U.Schuenemann21 Thank you for your attentionDANKE第21页/共22页2004-04-28U.SchuenemannCommissioningtestofE&ISIS22感谢您的观看！第22页/共22页