《中考专题复习 非谓语动词.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考专题复习 非谓语动词.pptx（64页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、一、定义 不充当句子谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。它们不受主语限制，无时态与语态变化，又称非限定性动词。二、形式1.动词不定式（to do sth.）2.动名词（v.ing）现在分词（v.ing)3.分词 过去分词（v.ed或不规则变化）第1页/共64页考点一 不定式1 1不定式的基本形式是toto动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。My father asked me not to read in bed.My father asked me not to read in bed.我爸爸告诉
2、我不要在床上读书。第2页/共64页(1)(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用itit作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，ItItbebe形容词(for sb.)(for sb.)动词不定式。Its important(for us)to protect the Its important(for us)to protect the environment.environment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在kindkind，goodgood，nicenice，cleverclever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用forfor而用ofof。Its very kind Its ver
3、y kind ofof_ _youyou_ _toto_ _helphelp_ _meme.你帮助我真是太好啦。2不定式的句法作用第3页/共64页(2)(2)作宾语一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would likewould like，wantwant，wishwish，hopehope，decidedecide，planplan，expectexpect等。Would you like Would you like toto_ _seesee_ _a a_ _filmfilm this evening?this evening?你今晚想去看电影吗？在
4、findfind，thinkthink后跟不定式作宾语时，常用itit代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。I find it easy I find it easy toto_ _readread_ _EnglishEnglish_ _everyevery_ _dayday.我发现每天读英语很容易。第4页/共64页(3)(3)宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucy asked him Lucy asked him toto_ _turnturn_ _downdown_ _thethe_ _radioradio.露西要他关小收音机的音量。(4)(4)作定语动词不定式作定语时
5、，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have a lot of homework I have a lot of homework toto_ _dodo.我有许多家庭作业要做。第5页/共64页(5)(5)作状语Mrs Wang went to Shanghai Mrs Wang went to Shanghai toto_ _seesee_ _herher_ _daughterdaughter.(目的)王太太去上海看她女儿。Were glad Were glad toto_ _meetmeet_ _youyou here.(here.(原因)我们很高兴在这见到你。He is t
6、oo tired He is too tired toto_ _workwork_ _onon.(.(结果)他太累了而不能继续工作。第6页/共64页3 3不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加notnot。They told us They told us notnot_ _toto_ _playplay basketball too long.basketball too long.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。第7页/共64页【温馨提示】1.help后接不定式时可以省略to；2.有些动词后接不定式时通常省略to：feel,hear,see,watch,notice,let,make,have（简
7、记为一感一听三看三让）。上述动词变为被动语态后，其后的不定式必须补上“to”。第8页/共64页Tom helped his brother(to)learn to swim.汤姆帮他的弟弟学习游泳。变为被动语态：His brother was helped to learn to swim by Tom.We often hear Jack sing English songs.我们常听见杰克唱英文歌。变为被动语态：Jack is often heard to sing English songs.第9页/共64页【牢记】以下词后跟不定式1.want,would like,get,decide
8、,learn,teach,wish,hope,expect,agree,plan,pretend,enough,dare,refuse,fail,prepare,try,manage,help,offer,beg,afford,promise,be+形容词后,疑问词后,序数词后，the+形容词最高级后2.be supposed do sth，be uesed to do sth,uesd to do sth(过去常常做某事）try ones best to do sth,cant wait to do sth,3.句子：Its ones duty to do sth.It takes sb+钱
9、或时间to do sth.第10页/共64页 考点二 动名词 动名词由动词原形ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等。功能功能例句例句说明说明主语主语Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多对你的健康有害处。吃太多对你的健康有害处。谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数宾语宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。我非常喜欢打篮球。表表示示习习惯惯性性的的动动作作Stamps are used for sending letters.邮票是用
10、来寄信的。邮票是用来寄信的。第11页/共64页功能功能例句例句说明说明表语表语His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。他的爱好是集邮。多多数数情情况况下下可可转转换换为为动名词作主语动名词作主语定语定语Bill is in the reading room.比尔在阅览室里。比尔在阅览室里。只只表表明明它它所所修修饰饰的的词词的用途、所属关系等的用途、所属关系等第12页/共64页【牢记】1.其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，su
11、ggest，admit，be worth，have difficulty/problems/trouble/fun，waste time，cant help/cant stop，be used to(习惯于)，所有介词等第13页/共64页2.其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，go on等。3当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。The window needs cleaning.
12、The window needs to be cleaned.那扇窗户需要被清洗。第14页/共64页4.部分动词既可接动名词作宾语，又可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别较大。remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）forget doing sth.忘了做过某事forget to do sth.忘了去做某事（未做）stop doing sth.停止做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事第15页/共64页need doing sth.需要做某事（被动含义）need to do sth.需要去做某事（主动含义）try doi
13、ng sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事hear/see sb.doing sth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/see sb.do sth.听见/看见某人做了某事第16页/共64页allow doing sth.允许做某事allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事go on to do sth 做完一件事，接着做另一件事go on doing sth.继续不停做某事第17页/共64页 考点三 分词 1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ed”，但也有不规则的形式。第18页/共64页2.分词
14、的句法功能功能功能例句例句说明说明定语定语Do you know the boy playing football?你你认认识识踢踢足足球球的的那那个个男男孩吗？孩吗？Please hand in your written exercise.请交上你的笔试练习。请交上你的笔试练习。现现在在分分词词作作定定语语，其其逻逻辑辑主主语语就就是是所所修修饰饰的的词词；过过去去分分词词作作定定语语，其其逻逻辑辑宾宾语语是是它它所所修修饰饰的的词词状语状语The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。学生们谈
15、笑着走出了教室。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.从从小小山山上上看看，我们的学校显得更美丽了。我们的学校显得更美丽了。分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语是是句子的主语句子的主语第19页/共64页功能功能例句例句说明说明表语表语The news is exciting.这这个个消消息息令人兴奋。令人兴奋。Im interested in the book.我对这本书感兴趣。我对这本书感兴趣。现现在在分分词词表表示示主主语语的的性性质质、特特征征；过过去去分分词表示某种状态词表示某种状态补补足足语语Dont keep me waiti
16、ng for a long time.别让我等很长时间。别让我等很长时间。I had my hair cut last night.昨天晚上我理发了。昨天晚上我理发了。现现在在分分词词作作补补足足语语,被被修修饰饰的的宾宾语语或或主主语语是是它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语（即即主主动动关关系系）；过过去去分分词词作作补补足足语语，被被修修饰饰的的宾宾语语或或主主语语是是它它的的逻逻辑辑宾宾语语（即即被被动动关关系系)第20页/共64页2.2.现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。我们常见的动词如：seesee，watchwatch，noticenotice，hearhear，feelfeel，ha
17、vehave等，它们接不带toto的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。I heard him singing in the classroom.I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“(“唱”这个动作已结束)第21页/共64页3.3.现在分词与过去分词的区别。在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分
18、词表示被动意义。the surprising newsthe surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man a surprised man 一个受惊吓的人在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country the developing country 发展中国家the developed countrythe developed country发达国家4.4.易混句式have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.have sb.do sth.have sb.doing sth.和hav
19、e sth.donehave sth.done的区别。第22页/共64页have sb.do sth.have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，havehave可以用letlet，makemake代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。have sb.doing sth.have sb.do
20、ing sth.意为“让某人做某事”，havehave可以用keepkeep代替，现在分词(doing)(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。The two men had the boy running all night The two men had the boy running all night long.long.那两个人让这个男孩跑了一夜。第23页/共64页have sth.donehave sth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即ask ask sb.else to do sth.sb.else to do sth.。过去分词(done)(done)这个动作由他人(即
21、非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。第24页/共64页一.单项选择1.(2012安顺中考)Do you know whether the man _ by the door is Mr.Smith?Sure.Weve known each other for a long time.A.stand B.standing C.stood D.stands【解析】选B。standing by
22、 the door是现在分词短语作后置定语表示动作正在进行，与被修饰的man之间存在主动关系。故选B。第25页/共64页2.（2012随州中考）Its dangerous _ with the wild animal.A.for us to play B.of us playingC.for us playing D.of us to play【解析】选A。Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth.意为“做某事对某人”，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式to play with the wild animal是真正的主语，故选A。第26页/共64页3.(2012自贡中考)When are
23、 you going to have your hair _?This afternoon.A.cut B.to cut C.cutting【解析】选A。have sth.done“让被做”。过去分词作宾语补足语，与所修饰的宾语之间存在被动关系。故选A。第27页/共64页4.（2011山西中考）Drivers shouldnt be allowed _ after drinking,or they will break the law.A.drive B.driving C.to drive【解析】选C。allow sb.to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，其被动语态为sb.be allo
24、wed to do sth.“某人被允许做某事”。故选C。第28页/共64页5.（2011重庆中考）We dont know _ it next.Lets go and ask Mr.Li.A.what to do B.to do whatC.whether to do D.to do whether【解析】选C。“特殊疑问词+to do”在此作know的宾语，再由it可知，句中已有动词do的宾语，故选C。第29页/共64页6.（2011绵阳中考）Our English teacher encourages us _ part in all kinds of afterclass activi
25、ties.A.to take B.takeC.taking D.to taking【解析】选A。encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事。第30页/共64页7.（2011江西中考）How kind you are!You always do what you can _ me.A.help B.helpingC.to help D.helps【解析】选C。动词不定式短语to help作目的状语。第31页/共64页8.(2011济南中考）The woman loves animals and she tries _ these homeless animals.A.to hu
26、rt B.to eatC.to help D.to kill【解析】选C。try to do sth.“努力做某事”。句意：这位女士喜欢动物，她努力地去帮助这些失去家园的动物。故选C。第32页/共64页9.（2011眉山中考）Its a little cold today.Would you mind _ the window?Of course not.A.not opening B.not to openC.dont open D.no opening【解析】选A。Would you mind doing sth.?“你介意做某事吗？”,其否定形式为Would you mind not d
27、oing sth.?第33页/共64页10.（2011昆明中考）The reporter didnt go to bed until he finished _ the article.A.writing B.write C.to write D.wrote【解析】选A。finish doing sth.完成某事。故选A。第34页/共64页一、单项选择1 1(2011(2011扬州)We can make a fire)We can make a fire _the room warm so that we can chat _the room warm so that we can chat
28、 for a while.for a while.A Ato keep Bto keep Bkeeping Ckeeping Ckeep Dkeep Dkeptkept【解析】由句意“我们可以生火让房间暖和起来，以便我们能闲聊一会儿”知此处应为动词不定式作目的状语，故选A A。【答案】A A第35页/共64页2(2011广东)Try to sing more English songs，and you will find it interesting _a foreign language.Alearning Blearns Clearn Dto learn【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。f
29、ind itadj.to do sth.“发现做某事怎么样”是一种固定句式，故选D。【答案】D第36页/共64页3(2011兰州)We cant work out the physics problem.Can you tell us _？Ahow to do Bwhat to do itChow to do it Dwhat should to do【解析】本题考查“疑问词不定式”的用法。句意为“我们做不出这道物理题，你能告诉我们怎样做吗？”how to do sth.“怎样做某事”，do后的宾语不能省略。故选C。【答案】C第37页/共64页4(2011广州)May I have a res
30、t?I have already finished _the report.Awrite BwritingCto write Dwritten【解析】finish后若跟动词，要用v.ing形式，故选B。【答案】B第38页/共64页5(2011广州)I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?Ago Bdid you goCto go Ddo you go【解析】本题考查why not的用法。why not与why dont you同义，其后要接动词原形，故选A。【答案】A第39页/共64页6(2011盐城)Plan your time
31、 carefully and make sure you have some time _what you like every day.Ado Bto doCdoing Ddone【解析】have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”是固定短语，故选B。【答案】B第40页/共64页7(2011怀化)Dont forget _your homework，John.OK.Ill do right now.Adoing Bdo Cto do【解析】forget to do sth.“忘记要做某事(还没做)”；forget doing sth.“忘记做过某事(已经做了)”。由句意“约翰，别
32、忘了做作业。”知选C。【答案】C第41页/共64页8(2011呼和浩特)At last the boy was made _and began to laugh.Astop crying Bto stop to cryCto stop crying Dstop to cry【解析】make sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，后跟省略to的不定式，但使役动词make变为被动式时，后面省略的to要补充出来。stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.“停下来去做某事”。由题意知选C。【答案】C第42页/共64页9(2011临沂)If prices rise to
33、o high,the government has to do something _it.Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。由句意“如果价格涨得过高，政府必须做一些事情来阻止它。”可知用动词不定式作目的状语。【答案】D第43页/共64页10(2011潍坊)The new treatments _by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.Ainvent BinventsCinventing Dinvented【解析】句意为“由诺曼白求恩发明的新的治疗方法帮助了许多士兵”。由句意可
34、知用过去分词短语invented by Norman Bethune作后置定语修饰名词treatments。故选D。【答案】D第44页/共64页11(2011芜湖)I often have hamburgers for lunch.Youd better not.Its bad for you _too much junk food.Aeat Bto eat Ceating Date【解析】“Itsadj.for sb.to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是的”。句中it作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语。【答案】B第45页/共64页12(2011河北)Wheneve
35、r you have a chance _English，you should take it.Aspeak Bto speak Cspoke Dspeaks【解析】本题考查动词不定式。由句意“无论什么时候你有一个说英语的机会，你应该抓住它。”可知用不定式短语作后置定语。【答案】B第46页/共64页13(2011铜仁)Its a fine day today.How about _？Sounds great!Ago hiking Bgo to hikeCgoing hiking Dto go to hike【解析】How about.？意为“怎么样？”about是介词，后接动词时用动名词形式，
36、故排除A、B、D三项。go hiking“去徒步旅行”。【答案】C第47页/共64页15(2011烟台)When I was walking past the window,I noticed Wang Fei _my homework.I really got _.Acopying；annoyed Bcopying；annoyingCcopy；annoyed Dcopied；annoyed【解析】notice后接不带to的动词不定式或动词的ing形式，其意思分别为：注意到某人做了某事(看到该动作的全过程)；注意到某人正在做某事。由题干语境可知第一空应填copying。annoying“使生气
37、的；使恼怒的”，主语多为事物：annoyed“生气的；烦恼的”，主语多为人。由主语I知第二空填annoyed。【答案】A第48页/共64页16(2011上海)As we all know，its not polite to keep others _for a long time.Await Bwaited Cto wait Dwaiting【解析】keep sb.doing sth.“使某人一直做某事”，动名词作宾补。句意是“我们都知道，让别人一直等很长时间是不礼貌的。”故选D。【答案】D第49页/共64页17(2011上海)You had better _because you have
38、to drive back home.Anot drinking Bnot drinkCdont drink Dnot to drink【解析】had better do sth.“最好做某事”，用于给对方提建议，do为不带to的不定式作宾补；had better的否定形式一般将not加在better之后，即had better not do sth.。【答案】B第50页/共64页18(2011成都)While we were running on the playground,Jack suddenly stopped _and lay on the ground，so we all sto
39、pped _what was wrong with him.Ato run；to see Brunning；seeingCrunning；to see【解析】stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”；stop to do sth.意为“停下来去做某事”。句意为“我们在操场上跑步时，杰克突然停下躺在地上，因此我们都停下来看他怎么了。”故选C。【答案】C第51页/共64页19(2011黄冈)_a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.ABeing；being BTo
40、 be；beingCBeing；to be DTo be；to be【解析】第一个空为动名词作主语；第二个空want to do/be为固定结构，不定式作宾语。句意为“做志愿者很棒。”“我也这样认为，我们中的一些人想做伦敦奥运会的志愿者。”【答案】C第52页/共64页2020(2011(2011贵阳)Many students said that they)Many students said that they were willing to work hard to make their dreams were willing to work hard to make their drea
41、ms _true._true.A Acome come B Bcame came C Ccomescomes【解析】make sb.do sth.make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。句意为“许多学生说他们愿意努力工作，使他们的梦想能够实现。”【答案】A A第53页/共64页2121(2010(2010中考变式题)Danny did all kinds of)Danny did all kinds of things to make his sister _.things to make his sister _.A Ato stop crying Bto stop crying
42、 Bstop cryingstop crying C Cto stop to cry Dto stop to cry Dstop to crystop to cry【解析】makemake后面跟不带to to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语。stop doing sth.“stop doing sth.“停止做某事”；stop to do stop to do sth.“sth.“停下来去做某事”，由句意知选B B。【答案】B B第54页/共64页2222(2010(2010中考变式题)We have two rooms )We have two rooms _，but I cant decide
43、_.but I cant decide _.A Ato live;to choose which oneto live;to choose which one B Blived;choose which onelived;choose which one C Cto live in;which one to chooseto live in;which one to choose D Dlive;which onelive;which one【解析】根据句意“我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一间。”第一个句子中live inlive in的inin不能省略。“选择哪一间”用“which
44、 one to choose”which one to choose”。故选C C。【答案】C C第55页/共64页2323(2010(2010中考变式题)We dont have much)We dont have much homework this weekend.Shall we go out together?homework this weekend.Shall we go out together?OK.What about _ a movie?OK.What about _ a movie?A Ato seeto see B Bseeingseeing C Cseesee D
45、Dseessees【解析】what aboutwhat about后跟动词的inging形式，因此答案为B B。【答案】B B第56页/共64页2424(2010(2010中考变式题)Why not _ an)Why not _ an English club to practice _ English?English club to practice _ English?A Ato join;to speak Bto join;to speak Bjoin;speakingjoin;speaking C Cjoin;to speak Djoin;to speak Dto join;to jo
46、in;speakingspeaking【解析】why not why not 动词原形；practicepractice后跟动名词，故答案应选B B。【答案】B B第57页/共64页2525(2010(2010中考变式题)How about going)How about going shopping this weekend,Peter?shopping this weekend,Peter?Sorry.I prefer _ rather than Sorry.I prefer _ rather than _._.A Ato stay at home;go outto stay at hom
47、e;go out B Bto go out;stay at hometo go out;stay at home C Cstaying at home;go outstaying at home;go out D Dgoing out;stay at homegoing out;stay at home【解析】prefer to do rather than doprefer to do rather than do意为“宁愿而不愿”。句意为“宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。”故选A A。【答案】A A第58页/共64页二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1 1(2011(2011烟台)Tim was
48、seen_(get)out of the)Tim was seen_(get)out of the subway at the station on Centre Street.subway at the station on Centre Street.【解析】see sb.do sth.“see sb.do sth.“看见某人做某事”，dodo为不带toto的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时不定式符号toto需补上。【答案】to getto get2 2(2011(2011南京)Look!The teenagers are making cards)Look!The teenagers ar
49、e making cards _(show)love for their mothers._(show)love for their mothers.【解析】此题考查不定式短语作目的状语。【答案】to showto show第59页/共64页5 5(2010(2010中考变式题)How long does it take you)How long does it take you _(drive)to school every day?_(drive)to school every day?About half an hour.About half an hour.【解析】it takes s
50、b.some time to do sth.it takes sb.some time to do sth.是固定句型，意思是“花费某人多长时间干某事”。【答案】to driveto drive6 6(2010(2010中考变式题)Last weekend,the Greens had great)Last weekend,the Greens had great fun _(swim)at Water World.fun _(swim)at Water World.【解析】have fun doinghave fun doing是固定词组，意思是“干某事很高兴”。【答案】swimmingsw