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1、专升本英语语法专升本英语语法 代词篇代词篇代词的分类代词的分类 人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词 反身代词反身代词 不定代词不定代词 指示代词指示代词 疑问代词疑问代词 第一第一人人称单称单数数第二第二人人称单称单数数第三人称单数第三人称单数第一第一人称人称复数复数第二第二人称人称复数复数第三人第三人称复数称复数阳性阳性阴性阴性中性中性主主格格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们,她们,它们)宾宾格格me(我)You(你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们,她们,它们)人称代词：人称代词：人称代词
2、代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格。They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他他们都很喜欢他。She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。这些书是她送给你和我的。2.在在it is/was.that/who.强调句型中，若被强调部分作主强调句型中，若被强调部分作主语，虽然跟在语，虽然跟在is/was后，也用主格形式。后，也用主格形式。It is I who did it.这件事是我做的。这件事是我做的。3.在比较状语从句中，在不引
3、起误解的前提下，有时用在比较状语从句中，在不引起误解的前提下，有时用宾格代词代替主格代词。宾格代词代替主格代词。Jack is as good a student as he/him.若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格。若可能引起误解，就不能用宾格代替主格。He loves you more than I.He loves you more than I.他爱我胜过我爱你。他爱我胜过我爱你。He loves you more than me.He loves you more than me.他爱你胜过爱我。他爱你胜过爱我。4.4.用来表示感叹时，常用宾格形式。用来表示感叹时，常用宾格形式。
4、Dear meDear me！天哪！天哪！Goodness meGoodness me！天哪天哪!SheShe的用法：的用法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等，以可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等，以表达喜爱、亲切之情。表达喜爱、亲切之情。We love our motherland,we hope shell be stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。我们希望她更强大。The ship is leaving.Shes on her first trip to Boston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿轮船要起航了。
5、这是她第一次去波士顿。2.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 单数场合：单数场合：youhe/sheI You,she and I all enjoy the music.你我她都喜欢音乐。你我她都喜欢音乐。复数场合：复数场合：weyouthey We,you and they are all Chinese.男女并列场合：男女并列场合：hesheHe and she dont agree with me.it的用法：的用法：1.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。境等。Whats the weather li
6、ke today?Its windy.今天的天气怎么样？今天的天气怎么样？-有风。有风。Its about five minutes walk from home to school.从家到学校的路程大约从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。分钟。2.it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.Who is the person over there?It is the headteacher.3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳。后移，使句子显得平稳。Its hard to reach th
7、e apples.很难够到苹果。很难够到苹果。Its good for you taking a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。it 的常用结构：的常用结构：A.代替动名词：代替动名词：it is no use doing sth.做某事没用。做某事没用。it is no good doing sth.做某事没好处。做某事没好处。B.代替代替that从句从句it is a pity that.可惜的是。可惜的是。it is a fact that.事实上是。事实上是。it is certain that.一定。一定。it is ne
8、cessary that.有必要。有必要。it happened that.碰巧。碰巧。it is said that.据说。据说。it is reported that.据报道。据报道。it turns out that.结果是。结果是。1.-Who is knocking at the door?-I dont know.I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was.A.he B.she C.it 2.I cant find my hat.I dont know where I put _.A.one B.it C.that3.I cant f
9、ind my hat.I think I must buy a new _.A.it B.one C.that 固定句型固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是做某事情对某人来说是 It is+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.It is hard for me to do this work.2.轮到某人做轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth.Its your turn to clean the room.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time(for sb.)to do sth.Its time for you to do the homework.4
10、.据说 Its said that Its said that your teacher leave our school.5.某人花费做某事 It takes sb.some time to do sth.6.自从以来，已经有（时间）了。It is/has been+时段时段+since+从句从句(过去时过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb.think feel+it +adj.to do 1.I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study.A.its B.it C.that2.It _ my father
11、a whole month to go on business.A.spent B.cost C.took二二.物主代词物主代词人人称称分分类类 第一人称第一人称 第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数 复数复数 单数单数复数复数形形容容词词性性 名名词词性性 my ouryour your his her its their mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词=名词性物主代词名词性物主代词 注
12、意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。是复数。These books arent ours.Ours are new.(our books=ours)This is not our room.Ours is over there.(our room=ours)2.“of+名词性物主代词名词性物主代词”表示所属表示所属 A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。他的一个妹妹是个护士。Tom is a friend of mine.汤姆是我的一个朋友。汤姆是我的一个朋友。1.She is a friend
13、 of _.A.my B.mine C.I2.This isnt my pen,it is _.A.her B.his C.him3.Frank cant find _ dictionary.Can you lend _ to _?A.her,mine ,her B./,yours,he C.his,yours,him4._ school is much bigger than _.A.Our,their B.Ours,theirs C.Our ,theirs5.The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt.A.it B.its C.its 人称
14、人称分类分类第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称 第三人称第三人称单单 数数 复数复数myself ourselves yourself yourselveshimselfthemselvesherself itself 反身代词反身代词1.反身代词常见固定搭配反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快过得愉快自学自学 请随便吃请随便吃 自言自语自言自语 独自独自 为自己为自己 不要客气不要客气 陶醉沉浸于陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服 照顾自己照顾自己 enjoy oneself teach/learn oneself sth.help oneself to sth.say to oneself by o
15、neself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself注意：注意：注意：注意：1 1）oneself oneself 有单复数之分有单复数之分有单复数之分有单复数之分 *I enjoy myself.I enjoy myself.*Children,help yourselves to some fish.*Children,help yourselves to some fish.2 2）反身代词可以加强名词或代词的语气，一般表示）反身代词可以加强名词或代词的语气，一般表
16、示）反身代词可以加强名词或代词的语气，一般表示）反身代词可以加强名词或代词的语气，一般表示“亲自，本人亲自，本人亲自，本人亲自，本人”的意思。的意思。的意思。的意思。I can manage it myself.I can manage it myself.我自己能处理。我自己能处理。我自己能处理。我自己能处理。3 3）反身代词的动词短语。）反身代词的动词短语。）反身代词的动词短语。）反身代词的动词短语。（P25P25）1.The man is rich,he can buy _ a lot of things.A.he B.his C.himself2.-What a lovely card
17、!Where did you buy it?-I made it by _.A.me B.myself C.itself3.“Help _ to some chicken,”my mother said to the guests.A.yourself B.yourselves C.your不定代词不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某些人、某些食物不明确指代某个人、某些人、某些食物的代词叫做不定代词。的代词叫做不定代词。all,each,every,both,either,neither none,one,little,few,many,much other,another,some,any,no
18、one 由由some,any,no,every 等构成的合成代词等构成的合成代词it,one,the one,ones,the ones,that 与与those的区别的区别 it,one,the one,ones,the ones,that 与与those都可都可以替代上文出现过的名词，但它们所指代的情况不同。以替代上文出现过的名词，但它们所指代的情况不同。具体区别如下：具体区别如下：其中其中it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指特指概念，即指代同一物。概念，即指代同一物。I like this house with a beautiful ga
19、rden in front,but I dont have enough money to buy it.其余几个词替代上文提到的名词时不表示同一个，而其余几个词替代上文提到的名词时不表示同一个，而是是同一类同一类。除了替代不同类型的名词外，还有泛指与特。除了替代不同类型的名词外，还有泛指与特指的区别。指的区别。P28 替代不可数名词只能用替代不可数名词只能用that。几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any some（一些（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the h
20、ouse.any（一些（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Do you have any picture-books?注意：注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中，希望对方给予肯定的回答或料想对方会作肯定回答。中，希望对方给予肯定的回答或料想对方会作肯定回答。Would you like some meat?你想要些肉吗？你想要些肉吗？May I ask some questions?我可以问问题吗？我可以问问题吗？Could I have some apples?我可以吃苹果吗？我可以吃苹果吗？Will you
21、give me some water?你能给我些水吗？你能给我些水吗？2.many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词修饰或指代复数名词 There are many eggs in the basket.Many of us like playing games.much 修饰或指代不可数名词修饰或指代不可数名词 He doesnt know much English.3.another/other3.another/other another another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 I dont
22、want this coat.Please show me another.I dont want this coat.Please show me another.other other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 Do you have any other questions?Do you have any other questions?4.the other/others/the others the other 1.特指两个中的另一个特指两个中的另一个 He has two sons.One is
23、a worker,the other is a doctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his class like swimming,too.others泛指其他的人或物泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others.Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物 There are fifty students i
24、n our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词 few,little 表示否定意义表示否定意义,译为译为“没有几个没有几个”，“没有没有多少多少”a few,a little 表示肯定意义表示肯定意义,译为译为“有几个有几个”，“有一有一点点”1.Although all the girls have tried their best,only _ pass the
25、exam.A.few B.a few C.a little2.Dont worry.There is _ time left.A.little B.a little C.few3.You are so great!_ people in the school can do it.A.A little B.Little C.Few 6.every/each every单数名词单数名词,表示表示“每一个每一个”,强调共性、整体强调共性、整体,只只作定语作定语,形式上为单数形式上为单数.不与不与of 连用连用 Every child likes playing games.each 表示表示“每一个
26、每一个”,强调个性强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和作定语主语、宾语和同位语同位语,常与常与of 连用连用 Each student was asked to try again.Each of them has a nice skirt.each everyeach (each (常与常与ofof连用连用)everyevery两两者或以上的每一个人或物者或以上的每一个人或物三三者或以上每一个人或物者或以上每一个人或物 every other every other 每隔每隔Eg:every other day Eg:every other day 每隔一天每隔一天 =every two days
27、every two days I gave them _ an apple.A.every B.each C.each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street.Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days.A.every B.each C.each of 他隔天来这里。他隔天来这里。He came here _ day.every other 7.7.all/none all“(全部全部)都都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动
28、词之后一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为行为动词之前动词之前 P30P30 We are all from Canada.They all like English.none“没有没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）（谓语动词单、复数均可）None of us is/are afraid of dogs.none no onenonenoneno oneno one没有什么人没有什么人 /物物“没有人没有人”只能指人只能指人回答回答 how manyhow many 问句问句回答回答whowho问句问句none of+none
29、of+复数名词复数名词 /them /them 谓语用单数谓语用单数 How many people are there in the room?_.A.None B.No one C.Lucy Who is in the room?_.A.None B.No one C.one None of them _ China.A.come from B.is from C.is come from 8.8.both/either/neither both“（两者）都（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数作定语时后跟名词复数 My parents are both t
30、eachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither“(两者两者)都不都不”,含有否定意义，作含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名作定语时后跟名词单数词单数 Neither answer is right.either“两者中任何一个两者中任何一个”,作主语时作主语时谓语用第三人称单数谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词作定语时后跟名词单数单数 There are trees on either side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the
31、 street.有关词组及应用有关词组及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。他们俩都游得很好。Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。他们俩谁都不停下来休息。either of 两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neither of 两者两者都不都不谓单both of 两者两者都都谓复 _ of the girls _ him.
32、They asked him for name card.A.Neither;know B.Either;know C.Neither;knows Both of his parents _ teachers.A.is B.are C.was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital,but neither of them _ a doctor.A.works;is B.work;is C.work;areeither neither both bothandbothand（谓语动词用复数形式）（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor(
33、谓语动词谓语动词遵循就近原则遵循就近原则)Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和和 Lucy 都在二年级。都在二年级。Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。Neither he nor I am free today.我和他今天都没空。我和他今天都没空。either neither both Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop.A.know B.knows C.finds Neither
34、you nor I _ a scientist.A.is B.are C.am Both Tom and Mary _ hard.A.studies B.study C.studyingeither or 或者或者或者或者就近原则neither nor 两者两者都不都不both and 两者两者都都复数谓语 The students are all from Foshan.They _ like their city.A.both B.all C.either Lucy and Lily _ agree with us.A.all B.both C.neither How are your p
35、arents?They are _ fine.A.both B.all C.no不定代词不定代词含义含义数量数量关系关系作定语时作定语时名词的数名词的数作主语时作主语时动词的数动词的数both两者都两者都=2复数复数复数复数either两者中的任何两者中的任何一个一个=2单数单数单数单数neither两者都不两者都不=2单数单数单数单数all三者或三者以三者或三者以上都上都3单数或复单数或复数数单数或复单数或复数数none三者或三者以三者或三者以上都不上都不3单数或复单数或复数数each每一个每一个2单数单数单数单数every每一个每一个3单数单数单数单数 9.something/anythi
36、ng/nothing somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置 I have something important to tell you.Is there anything else in the box?Nobody can answer the question.every,everyone,everybody,everything 与与 not 连用表示连用表示部分否定部分否定，意为，意为“并非每个并非每个.都都.”Every man is not honest.=Not every man is honest
37、.1.Do you have _ to do this evening?A.important something B.anything important C.something important 2._ is watching TV.Lets turn it off.A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody3.Would you like _?I can get it for you.A.something else B.anything else C.everything elseone it The box is in the middle of the room.
38、Move _ away.A.it B.one C./I have lost my pen.I have to buy _.A.one B.it C./How nice your bag is!I want to buy _.A.it B.one C./one 同类同类不同件不同件it 同类同类同件同件指示代词指示代词 表示空间和时间远近关系的代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括包括:this/that(单数单数)these/those(复数复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物指在方位上较远的人或物 This i
39、s my shirt,thats yours.These TVs are made in China,Those are made in Japan.2.2.that,those常指前面提过的东西常指前面提过的东西,以以免重复免重复 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.3.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that *He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.四四.指示代词指示代词 The population of Shanghai is larger than _
40、of Jinan.A.that B.this C.it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao.A.that B.these C.those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight.A.it B.this C.that疑问代词疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 常见有：常见有：who whom whose what which 通常做主语通常做主语宾语宾语定语定语表语表语 What makes you think like
41、that?做主做主语语 Who(Whom)were you talking with?做宾语做宾语 Which bus do I need?做定语做定语 Whats your father?做表语做表语 注意：注意：在口语中，在口语中，Who和和Whom通用，通用，但但在介词后只能用在介词后只能用Whom With whom did he play games?With who did he play games?(错错)Try it out()1 Is this your football,boys?No,it is not _ A.yours B.our C.mine D.ours()2
42、The bird builds _ nest in the tree.A.her B.its C.its D.hers()3 The maths problem _ is wrong.A.himself B.he C.itself D.herselfDBC()4 I have five pencils,one is red,_ is blue and _ are green.A.another,the other B.the other,others C.others,the others D.another,the others()5 I have found _ on the Intern
43、et.A.a few informations B.a little informations C.a few information D.a little informationDD()6 I have Chemistry classes _ day,Monday,Wednesday and Friday.A.each other B.every other C.this and other D.all other()7-_ is the man under the tree?-Jims father.A.When B.What C.Where D.WhoBD 11.This stick i
44、s _.A.him B.he C.his12.He is always ready to help _.A.another B.the other C.others13._ is Jacks aunt.A.He B.She C.It14.She sent several cards to _ of her friends.A.some B.any C.no15._ subjects do you have this term?A.Which B.Whose C.What16._ of them has a computer.A.Each B.Every C.All17.Can your bro
45、ther look after _?A.himself B.him C.his1.8 Which of _ bikes is yours?A.this B.that C.these19._ are good friends.A.You,he and I B.She,you and I C.I,you and he20.She hasnt brought _ pen today.Will you lend her _?A.her,your B.hers,yours C.her,yours21.Very _ of them knew the hotel.A.few B.little C.a few
46、22.The jacket is too short.Please show me _.A.other B.another C.one23.Some city people grow vegetables _.A.herself B.himself C.themselves用恰当的词填空。用恰当的词填空。1.I am a student._ name is Lily.I often teach _ English.2.Tom is too young.Please look after _.3.He is fourteen._ name is Tom.This book is _.He can look after _.4.Well go fishing later.Would you like to come with _?5.Looking at the boys._ are playing games._ names are Mike and Bill.They enjoy _.My myself himHis his himself us They Their themselves