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1、Unit Five A Miserable,Merry Christmasmiserable:a.悲惨的，悲痛的miserable=causing unhappiness;very unhappy;语气要比unhappy重得多，指情绪上低落、不快乐。e.g.The child is cold,hungry and tired,so of course he is feeling miserable.(这孩子又冷又饿，疲惫不堪，他当然感到很痛苦。)indignant:adj.angry at sth.unfair气愤的,愤怒的常指对于不公平的事感到愤怒。Collocation:be/feel i
2、ndignant about/at/over sth.“对某事感到气愤”;e.g.He was indignant at being unfairly dismissed.(他被不公平地解雇了，对此他很气愤。)Residents in the area are indignant about the high water price.(该地区的居民对于高昂的水价表示气愤。)be indignant with sb.对某人感到愤慨。She became more and more indignant with them over their conduct.(他对他们的所作所为越来越愤慨。)le
3、st:conj.=for fear that,in order that not 唯恐，以免lest引导状语从句，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气should+v.(infinitive).e.g.I wrote down the date of her birthday lest I(should)forget it.(我把她的生日记了下来，以免忘了。)The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it(should)go wrong on the way.(司机仔细检查了发动机，唯恐在路上出毛病。)make sure=act so as to
4、make sth.certain 确保；查明，弄清楚make sure 后面可接of sth./about/that clause.e.g.Please make sure that all the lights are off before you leave the classroom.(请务必离开教室前把所有的灯都关掉。)He looked behind him to make sure he was not being followed.(他向身后看了看，确信他没被人跟踪。)Have you made sure of the times of the trains?(你查清楚列车的时间
5、了吗？)Theres just one or two details I want to make sure about.(只有一两个细节我想要核实一下。)be sure=be certain 一定，千万要；e.g.Be sure to write to me as soon as you get there.nothing but:nothing other than,only 除了以外没有什么；仅仅，只不过e.g.They could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.(他们除了等医生来，别无办法。)She is concerned
6、about nothing but money.(她只关心钱。)He can do nothing but make trouble here.(他在这儿只会惹麻烦。)stick to=refuse to give up or change 坚持，不放弃e.g.We havent got much time,so please stick to the point.(我们时间不多，请不要偏离主题。)Collocation:stick to ones promise/plans:恪守诺言/计划They decided to stick to their previous plan.(他们决定坚持
7、他们原先的计划。)hang up:fix(sth.)at a high place so that it does not touch the ground,place on a hook or hanger 挂起There are some hangers in the closet on which to hang up your clothes.(壁橱里有一些衣架可以挂衣服。)When he came into the room he hung up his suit.(他走进房间，将上衣挂了起来。)hang表示“悬，挂”时是不规则动词：hanghunghung;hang表示“吊死,绞死
8、”时是规则动词:hang-hanged-hanged；e.gHe hung up his hat behind the door and took his place at the table.(他把帽子挂在门后，然后在桌边坐了下来。)The murderer was hanged last month.(凶手上个月被绞死了。)or something:or something similar；or something of that sort.诸如此类(表示说话人不能肯定的)；大概e.g.Her name is Mary or Margaret or something.(她叫玛丽或者玛格丽
9、特什么的。)Tr:他的父亲是著名的艺术家之类的什么人物。Her father is a well-known artist or something.catch sight of=see suddenly or for a moment(突然)看到，发现e.g.She caught sight of the postman as he turned the corner.(邮递员在转角处被她看见了。)Just then I caught sight of him getting on a bus.(就在那时，我看见他上了公共汽车。)draw near vs.draw on draw near=
10、move near 临近，接近;e.g.Night drew near.(夜幕降临了。)The deadline is drawing near,we cant delay any more.(限期到了，不能再拖延了。)draw on=come near in time 到来;e.g.Spring is drawing on.(春天临近了。)另外，draw on还有“利用；穿上，戴上”之意。e.g.He drew on his childhood memories for the material of his novel.(他利用童年的回忆作为小说的素材。)He drew on his gl
11、oves before he went out.(他外出前戴上了手套。)draw(irregular v.)-drew(p.t.)-drawn(p.p.)break into:suddenly or for a moment突然起来;突然发出；突然开始(哭、笑等）E.g.The audience broke into applause.(观众爆发出阵阵掌声。)另外，break into还有enter by force,interrupt(“闯入，打断”)之意；e.g.The thieves intended to break into a bank.(贼图谋抢劫银行。)He broke rud
12、ely into our talk.(他粗鲁地打断了我们的谈话。)in place vs.in ones placein place=in the right place 在适当的位置;恰当的;e.g.I think an expression of thanks to our host would be in place.(我认为感谢主人的话要说得得体。)I like to have everything in place.(我喜欢一切各有其位。)反义词组:out of place(不恰当的，东西放置不当的)辨析：in ones place=instead of sb.替代；e.g.The
13、boss was very busy so his secretary went in his place.(老板很忙，因此他的秘书替他去了。)Background Knowledge圣诞节(Christmas Day)12月25日是基督教徒纪念耶稣基督诞生的日子，称为圣诞节。英文Christmas(有时简写为Xmas),由Christ(基督)和Mass(弥撒)两字组成，意思是圣诞节这一天教徒们到教堂去，举行崇拜仪式以庆祝耶稣基督的诞生。圣诞节本来是个宗教的日子，但今天已经演变为一个家人团聚，共享天伦的日子。它在西方的重要性类似于中国的春节(Spring Festival).圣诞夜(Chris
14、tmas Eve)圣诞夜(12月24日)类似于中国的除夕。在这一天人们要去教堂唱圣诞歌，小孩子组成唱诗班。回家后要早早上床，小孩子们把长袜挂在床头，等着圣诞老人把礼物装进去，家中的大人们则悄悄把礼物放到圣诞树下和长统袜中，孩子们第二天一起床便打开自己的礼物。Background Knowledge圣诞老人(Santa Claus,Father Christmas)圣诞老人是个神化人物。他留着银白色大胡子，头戴红色尖帽，身穿白皮袖口，白皮领子的红色长袍，扎着一条宽宽的腰带。许多小孩子相信他会在圣诞夜坐着八只鹿拉的雪橇，从烟囱里进入房间，给那些听话的小孩子送来礼物，塞满挂在床头的袜子。圣诞树(Ch
15、ristmas tree)和圣诞礼物(Christmas gift)圣诞树一般是松柏之类的常绿树的树冠，在圣诞节时放在屋内，用闪闪发光的小灯泡装饰，还可以挂上风铃和彩色饰物，人们在树下互赠礼物或把礼物挂在上面，也要在圣诞树旁边共度节日。它是圣诞节不可缺少的内容。在圣诞节这一天，朋友、亲属间要互赠礼物和圣诞卡(Christmas Card).I did want boots.(line 6)“I did want boots”=I really wanted a pair of high boots.我的确想要一双长统靴。did,do or does 常用来加强动词语气。如果原动词是过去式(pa
16、st tense)要用did,如果是一般现在时用do,单数第三人称用does。要注意的是，用了此类词后，被强调的词要用动词原形形式。e.g.I did see him running in the park yesterday morning.(我昨天早上的确看见他在公园跑步。)Tr:汤姆的确学习很刻苦。Tom does study very hard.They do like to make a joke.(他们确实爱开玩笑。)There ought to be something to fill your stocking with 此句等于=If you stick to the pon
17、y,you will have no presents in your stocking.(总该有些东西把你的长筒袜给塞满吧。)ought to=to have the moral duty to do sth.,should 应该，应当The modal verb“ought to”is used to express the idea of obligation.Its negative(否定的)form is:ought not(oughtnt to).In most cases“ought to”can be replaced by“should”;of the two,“ought
18、to”is the most emphatic,(ought to比 should语气更强)；e.g.E.g.We ought to love our neighbors.(我们应该和邻居和睦相处。)Such things ought to be done right now.(这类事应该马上就办。)Ought I to leave tomorrow？No,you neednt.(我应该明天动身吗？不，没有必要。)They oughtnt to have let you out of hospital so soon.(他们不该那么早就让你出院。)The infinitive phrase“t
19、o fill your stocking with”is used attributively to modify(修饰)“something”.An attributive infinitive often retains(保留)the preposition it requires,e.g.Id like to find someone to play chess with.Please give me a piece of paper to write on.along with vs.together withalong with:with others or with oneself
20、“同一起”;该短语常作宾语；e.g.When we went to Shanghai,Jenny took her four-year-old son along with herself.(当我们去上海时，詹妮带上了她的四岁的儿子。)Come along with me.(随我来。)together with:as well as“同一起”;该短语可与它前面的n./pron.一起作主语。e.g.The director together with his staff is dining in the restaurant tonight.(导演同他的工作人员们一起将于今晚在这家餐馆用餐。)A
21、nd there they were,the gifts,all sorts of wonderful things,mixed-up piles of presents.(line 15-16)本句中the gifts,all sorts of wonderful things 和 mixed-up piles of presents 是主语they的同位语。注：there或here放在句首，而主语是n.时，句子要倒装；若主语是人称代词，则句子不用倒装。e.g.Here comes the bus.(公共汽车来了。)There it is.(在那儿。)It hung limp.(line 1
22、7)Why did it hang limp?Because my stocking was empty,it was soft on the fireplace.(只有我的袜子软绵绵、空荡荡地挂在那儿)Some notional verbs(表意动词)can be followed by an adjective used as the subject complement(主语补足语)of the sentence.Here are some more examples:The sun rose red.(=The sun rose and it was red.)Tr:太阳升起来了，红红
23、的。The moon shone pale.(月亮泛着苍白的光芒。)The young man sat silent in the corner.(那年轻人坐在角落里，一言不发。)The man lying dead in the snow.(那名男子躺在雪地里，死了。)The crying over,I ached这句等于“I felt great pain deep into my heart when I stopped crying”(哭过以后，悲痛涌上心头。)ache:have continuous or prolonged pain 有持续的痛感，疼痛;e.g.After clim
24、bing the mountain,he ached all over.(爬山以后，他感觉周身疼痛。)注意：一些由-ache后缀组成的n.如：toothache/backache/headache/stomachache等由-ache后缀组成的n.,当它们表达一种状态时，在British English中是u.n.;而在American English中是c.n.e.g.She suffers from headache.(Bri.)She has a headache.(Am.)And my father must have been hurt,too,a little.(line 30-3
25、1)“musthave done”意为“一定，肯定”；must与动词不定式的完成时态连用，表示对过去情况或动作的肯定猜测。e.g.You screamed in your sleep last night,you must have had a nightmare.(昨晚你在睡梦中尖叫，一定是做了恶梦。)His watch must have stopped.I will go and call him.(他的表肯定停了，我得去叫他。)Tr:建长城一定用去了多年的时间。It must have taken years to build the Great Wall.Cloze:(A)(page
26、82)As Christmas drew near,the boy made it clear to his parents that n b (1)a pony would satisfy him.He insisted on this with i (2)at all other suggestions,l (3)his parents choose anything other than his dearest wish.On Christmas morning,he was surprised and m (4)because there was nothing in his stoc
27、king.At first he was i (5),feeling that he had been w(6).Then anger turned to m(7),and he b i(8)tears while his parents a (9)watched him.At last,however,he c s o (10)a man delivering a pony;and his sadness turned into happiness when he learned that the pony was for him.Ex.15.Translate the following
28、sentences into English.1.史密斯医生从 窗口望出去，突然看到一个 年轻人正向他的诊所(clinic)奔来。Mr.Smith looked out of the window,he caught sight of a young man running to his clinic.2.艾米过去除了咖啡什么都不喝。Ammy used to drink nothing but coffee.3.迈拉得知丈夫在事故中受了伤便哭了起来。Myra broke into tears when she heard that her husband was injured in the
29、accident.4.我们好几天没有看见怀特小姐了.她是病倒了还是怎么了?We havent seen Miss White for days.Is she ill or something?Ex.15.Translate the following sentences into English5.研究所(research institute)所长(director)亲自查明一切都没有问题。The director of the research institute himself made sure that everything was all right.6.伦尼今天早晨上学又迟到了。他
30、应该早一点起床的。肯定是昨晚睡得太晚了。Lennie was late for school again this morning.He should have got up earlier.He must have gone to bed too late last night.7.嗨,你不应该把那些孩子赶跑.他们是来帮忙的,不是来捣蛋的.Well,you ought not to have driven those kids away,they came to help you intentionally,not to make trouble.8.对护士来说，坚持这项规定是很重要的。It is very important for the nurses to stick to this rule.