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1、第二部分交际用语交际用语USE OF ENGLISH 大学英语（B）专题讲座一一.交际用语考试题型及比分交际用语考试题型及比分二二.学习、练习中应注意的几学习、练习中应注意的几三三.个方面个方面四四.三三.根据交际功能分类练习根据交际功能分类练习五五.四四.根据语法句型分类练习根据语法句型分类练习一.一.交际用语考试题型及比分。交际用语考试题型及比分。二.二.交际用语这部分试题由交际用语这部分试题由5 5个选择题形式个选择题形式三.三.的小题组成，主要是针对英语日常会话设的小题组成，主要是针对英语日常会话设计计四.四.而成，这些试题体现了英语交际功能的多而成，这些试题体现了英语交际功能的多样样
2、五.五.性和应用性，目的是为了检测在不同的情性和应用性，目的是为了检测在不同的情景景六.六.中运用英语进行交际的能力。中运用英语进行交际的能力。二二.学习、练习中应注意的几个方面学习、练习中应注意的几个方面 1.熟悉日常交际的句型熟悉日常交际的句型。在日常交际中，人们为了获取所需的信息 或达到交际的目的，在特定的情景中使用了 不同的交际功能的句型，熟悉掌握这些句型 有助于了解说话人的意图及题目的考点在，为选出正确的答案奠定良好的基础。2.2.找出规律来帮助判断。找出规律来帮助判断。就是根据问话选答语或根据上文选下文时就是根据问话选答语或根据上文选下文时 在熟悉交际功能句型的基础上，找出答语或在
3、熟悉交际功能句型的基础上，找出答语或 下文具有共性的一些规律，如下文具有共性的一些规律，如“礼貌原则礼貌原则”、时态、句型一致时态、句型一致、肯定或否定的一致性等肯定或否定的一致性等规规 律来帮助自己作出正确的判断与选择律来帮助自己作出正确的判断与选择A.礼貌原则礼貌原则 无论在任何场合、表达什么看法无论在任何场合、表达什么看法/情感，发话/发问和应答都要有礼貌，即使表达不同看法或批评意见，也要委婉间接表达，使对方听起来不刺耳，例如：Do you think I can use your car for one day?.A.Im afraid not.B.No,you cant.C.I wo
4、nt let you do that.D.Absolutely not.解析：此题第一说话人向对方提出请求解析：此题第一说话人向对方提出请求“想借车想借车一用一用”，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒，对方如果不能答应，应该委婉地表示拒绝。绝。因此选A。礼貌原则还表现在委婉地拒绝一个请求的方式上：先表同意，然后用“but”来个转折，表达出不同意例如：I would like to,but（我很愿意，但是由于）我很愿意，但是由于）Thats a good idea，butB.利他原则利他原则 在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，在日常交际中，英语国家人民形成了一种习俗，即要尽可能为对方提供
5、帮助和方便，对别人遇即要尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便，对别人遇到的好事到的好事/成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过成功要表示高兴，坏事要表示难过/惋惜惋惜，因此在交际用语中也要体现出来这种倾向，例如：I am going to the City Hall,can you tell me how to get there,madam?.A.No,you dont knowB.I dont know.C.Yes,you will.D.Sorry,I am new here too.But you can ask the policeman over there.解析：此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路，按照
6、解析：此题第一说话人在向对方询问道路，按照利他原则，应利他原则，应尽可能为对方提供帮助和方便。所以选D，首先表示歉意，同时给出一些有帮助的建议。C.文化遵从原则文化遵从原则 在选择交际用语时，大家要有跨文化视角，在选择交际用语时，大家要有跨文化视角，也就是说，要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式，也就是说，要克服本民族的习惯思维和应答模式，要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例：要使用得体的、符合对方习惯的方式来应答。例：Mary,your dress is really beautiful.How is John?.A.Thank you very much B.B.No,no,John i
7、s not badC.Thank you.He is fine D.Dont say that.Its ugly.John is good解析：按照英美国家的文化，当受到他人的赞扬解析：按照英美国家的文化，当受到他人的赞扬时，应该真诚地表示感谢，这也是对说话人的时，应该真诚地表示感谢，这也是对说话人的尊重。如果一味谦虚说尊重。如果一味谦虚说“不、没有、还差得远不、没有、还差得远”等，等，反而就不礼貌了，反而就不礼貌了，这与中国人的习惯和思维不太一样，所以选C。三三.根据交际功能分类练习根据交际功能分类练习 为了帮助同学们更好的学习掌握交际用语这部分知识，下面我们把常见的一些交际用语进行分类归纳
8、总结，希望通过这些练习，使大家能熟悉了解，并逐渐培养自己的分析判断和运用交际语言的能力。一）一）.提出请求，征求意见。提出请求，征求意见。May I?Would you?Can/could I?Do you think?Yes/Sure/Certainly Of courseHere you are.Thats OK/All rightIm afraid Im sorryYoud better not 1.Hello,may I talk to the headmaster now?A _ A.Sorry,he is busy at the moment B.No,you cant C.Sor
9、ry,you cant D.I dont know2.Do you think I could borrow your3.dictionary?C _ A.Yes,you may borrow.B.Yes,go on.C.Yes,help yourself.D.It doesnt matter.3.Would you mind changing seats with me?C _ A.Yes,you can B.Of course I like to C.No,I dont mind D.Certainly,please do4.May I see your tickets and passp
10、orts,please?5.C _6.A.No,you cant 7.B.Yes,you can C.Here you are D.No,they are mine5.Can you turn down the radio,please?B _ A.Oh,I know B.Im sorry,I didnt realize it was that loud C.Ill keep it down next time D.Please forgive me 6.Excuse me,may I sit here?C _ A.Please sit down B.Youre welcome C.Yes,c
11、ertainly.This seats free D.Yes,it doesnt matter二）二）.提供、寻求帮助。提供、寻求帮助。Can/Could I help you?Is there anything I can do for you?Do you want me to?What can I do for you?Let me do/carry/help?Thanks.That would be nice/fine Thats very kind of you.Thank you for you helpNo,thanks/thank youThank you all the sa
12、meThats very kind of you,butI wonder if you could help me Please give me a handCertainly/Of courseYes,what can I do for you1.Can I help you with your suitcase?2.D _3.A.I have no idea.4.B.No,no.I can carry it myself.5.C.Thats a good idea.6.D.Thank you.I can manage myself.2.Can I help you to get it do
13、wn?C _ A.No problem B.Yes.Lets get it C.Thanks.Its so nice of you D.Its no trouble at all3.I wonder if you could help me?D _ A.I could B.Yes,I do C.No,not at all D.Certainly 4.Please give me a hand,wont you?A _ A.Of course I will B.Youre welcome C.You are so kind D.Dont mention it 5.Oh,the box is to
14、o heavy.B _?A.Whats in it?B.Can I help you to carry it?C.Whose is it?D.May I have a try?三）.提出建议、劝告。Youd better(not)Shall we?You should/ought to Lets What/How about?Why not?Why dont you?Sure/Great Thats a good idea No,thanks1.There is an hour to go.Could we seat somewhere to have a drink?2.B _3.A.Hav
15、e a try.B.sure.4.C.Dont go please.D.No,I cant.5.2.What about another coffee?6.A _ A.No,thanks.B.Youre so kind.C.Yes,of course.D.Sorry for the trouble.3.What about going for a walk?D _ A.Walking is good to you.B.Thats all right.C.So,do I.D.Why not?A good idea.4.In my opinion,youd better take a couple
16、 of days off.D _ A.I will take your advice.B.Let me see.C.Never mind.D.Im afraid so.5.Please tell David not to drink too much.B_ A.OK,lets go.B.I see.C.Its time for lunch.D.Please have a drink.四）.表示邀请与约会。Will you come to?Would you like to?Id like to invite you to Yes,Id love to Yes,its very kind/nic
17、e of you Id love to,but Are you/Will you be free?How about tomorrow?Shall we meet at?Yes,thats all right Yes,Ill be free thenAll right.See you thenNo,I wont be free then.1.Would you like to have a dinner with us2.this evening?3.C _4.A.OK,but I have to go to a meeting now.5.B.No,I cant.6.C.Sorry,I wi
18、ll go to airport this evening.7.D.I dont know.2.We are going to have a dancing party tonight.Would you like to join us?A_ A.Yes,its very kind of you.B.Of course not.I have no idea.C.No,I cant.D.Thats all set.3.Can you come over for dinner with us?A _ A.Id love to,but I have a meeting tonight.B.It do
19、esnt matter.C.No,I dont like.D.Oh,that sounds well.4.I have got two tickets for the match.Shall we go and watch it together?C _ A.The tickets must be expensive.B.The match must be exciting.C.Why not?Lets go.D.The place is too far away.5.I have an appointment with Dr.Johnson C _ A.The appointment is
20、put off.B.You look sick and weak.C.Please wait for a minute.He is busy now.D.Tell me your ID number.五）.表示感谢、祝贺、称赞 Thank you(very much)Thanks a lot Many thanks Thanks for Not at all Youre welcome Its/Thats all right Dont mention it Congratulations Well done How beautiful 1.These are certainly beautif
21、ul flowers.2.Thank you so much.3.B _4.A.No,no.Its nothing.5.B.You are welcome.6.C.Yes,I agree.7.D.Yes,I think so too.2.I was worried about chemistry,but Mr.Brown gave me an A!B _ A.Dont worry about it.B.Congratulations!Thats a difficult course.C.Mr.Brown is very good.D.Good luck to you.3.Congratulat
22、ions!You won the first prize in todays speech contest.C _ A.Yes,I beat the others.B.No,no.I didnt do it well.C.Thank you.D.Its a pleasure.4.Well done.Congratulations on your success.A _ A.Thank you very much.B.Oh,no,no.C.No,I didnt do very well.D.Sorry,I couldnt be any better.5.You have lovely child
23、ren.D _ A.No,no,they are not.B.Oh,no,no.C.You are talking too much.D.Thanks.六）.表示道歉、同情 Im sorry for/about Excuse me for Im afraid of Thats all right It doesnt matter Thats nothing Thats OK.Im sorry to hear What a pity/shame!1.Oh,sorry to bother you.2.A _3.A.Thats okay.4.B.No,you cant.5.C.Thats good.
24、6.D.Oh,I dont know.2.Excuse me.I dont want to interrupt you but C_ A.Can I help you?B.Certainly,how dare you?C.Its quite all right.D.Yes,you did.3.Oh,Im sorry.But I promise Ill be careful next time.B _ A.Its nothing at all.B.Oh,never mind.It doesnt matter.C.Thank you.D.There are no questions.4.My gr
25、andmothers taken ill and Ive got to go down to the hospital.B _ A.We are going to the same place.B.Very sorry to hear it.I hope its nothing serious.C.Really?D.Let me go with you.5.Ed said that his boy fell off tree.A _ A.Oh dear!I hope he wasnt hurt.B.Oh,no.A luck boy.C.He might have broken his arm.
26、D.Nothing serious.七）.问候与告别 How are you?Hows everything?Fine,thank you,and you?Very well,thank you Just so so Im afraid I must be leaving now I think its time for us to leave now Good night Good bye See you later/tomorrow 1.Hello,Sally.Hows everything?2.D _3.A.Good for you.4.B.Oh,I agree.5.C.Thats ri
27、ght.6.D.Just so so.2.How are things with you,Bill?B _ A.Hello,sure.B.I am terribly busy these days.C.Mind you own business.D.See you later.3.Good night and thanks again.B _ A.You cant say that.B.Oh,no.Its what I can do.C.How can you see that.D.Good night.4.Well,its getting late.I must be going.Thank
28、 you again for inviting me to the party.B _ A.Oh,its so late.B.Thank you for coming.C.Oh,so soon?D.I really had a happy time.5.Mrs.Johnson,Ive come to say good-bye.A _ A.See you next time.B.Have a pleasant journey.I will miss you.C.Thats OK.D.Thank you for saying that.八）.购物 What can I do for you?May
29、/Can I help you?I want/Id like How much is it?Thats too expensive,Im afraid Thats fine.Ill take it.1.What can I do for you,madam?2.A _3.A.I want a kilo of apples.4.B.You can go your own way.5.C.Thanks.6.D.Excuse me.I am busy.2.Good morning,Sir.May I help you?C_ A.No,I dont buy anything.B.No,I dont n
30、eed your help.C.Yes,I need some sugar.D.Oh,no.That OK.3.Id like to buy a shirt.C _ A.How much is it?B.Thats fine.C.What color do you want?D.Yes,I think so.4.Can I help you,Sir?A_ A.Thanks,Im just having a look.B.I dont mind.C.No,Im leaving soon.D.Its all right.九）.就餐 What would you like(to have)?Woul
31、d you like something(to eat/drink)?Id like Two eggs,please Would you like some more?Help yourself to some Thank you.Ive had enough.Im full,thank you.Just a little.1.Would you like to order now?2.B _3.A.Im full now.4.B.Yes.Id like fish and soup.5.C.But the price is high.6.D.Its very kind of you.2.Exc
32、use me.Is this table taken?C _ A.We havent booked the dishes.B.We havent ordered the dishes.C.Yes.Im saving these seats for friends.D.Yes.Im stuffed.3.Please help yourself to the fish.A _ A.Thanks,but I dont like fish.B.Sorry,I cant help.C.Well,fish dont suit me.D.No,I cant.4.Can I take your order n
33、ow?D _ A.Thank you for your offer.B.Sorry,its beyond my order.C.I no means.D.Just a moment.Two friends are coming.5.Have you got a table for four,Waiter?B _ A.We are going to restaurant.B.Yes,sure.This way,please.C.We have booked the seats.D.Here are the menu.十）.打电话与接电话 Hello!Is(Tom)in?Is that(speak
34、ing)?May/Could I speak to?Hold on,please.Hello,who is it?He/She isnt here right now Can I take a message for you?Hello,this is speaking 1.Hi,is Marry there,please?2.A _3.A.Hold on.I will get her.4.B.No,she isnt here.5.C.Yes,she lives here.6.D.Yes,what do you want?2.Could I speak to Harris,please.D _
35、 A.Oh,how are you?B.Im John.C.Im listening.D.Speaking.3.Hello,Id like to speak to Mark,please?B _ A.Yes,Im Mark.B.This is Mark speaking.C.Its me here.D.This is me.4.Im sorry.Bobs not in the office.A_ A.Can you take a message for me?B.Are you sure for that?C.Would you like to leave a message?D.Can yo
36、u phone me?5.Hello,could I speak to Don please?D_ A.Who are you?B.Whats the problem?C.Are you Jane?D.Who is speaking?十一）.问路与指路 Excuse me.Where is the?Excuse me.Can you tell me the way to?Go down this street/turn right/turn left Its about meters from here.Go straight ahead till you see 1.Excuse me,si
37、r.Where is Dr.Browns office?D _ A.You cant ask me.B.Pardon?I have no idea.C.Please dont say so.D.Sorry I dont know,but you can ask the man over there.2.Excuse me,but can you tell me the way to the airport?B _ A.Dont ask that.B.Sorry,I am a stranger here.C.No,I cant say that.D.No,you are driving too
38、fast.3.Excuse me,is this the right direction for the school?A _ A.Well,no,youre going in the wrong direction.B.No,dont ask me.C.No,I dont know.D.Dont go this way.4.Excuse me,how can I get to the nearest supermarket?D _ A.Its not far from there.B.The supermarket is very large.C.The goods there are ve
39、ry expensive.D.Go down this street and turn left.5.Is the toilet on the ground floor or second floor?C _ A.No,there isnt.B.Yes,it is.C.On the ground floor.D.It is empty.十二.看病、询问病情 There is something wrong with Ive got I feel terrible I dont feel well.Are you feeling better?Take this medicine three t
40、imes a day Drink plenty of water and have a good rest Its nothing serious Youll be all right/well soon1.Is there anything serious,doctor?2.C_3.A.Im going to have another check-up.4.B.The results of the blood test are wrong.5.C.No.Just stay in bed and drink more 6.water.7.D.Yes.You can go home tomorr
41、ow.2.Hey,Barbara.You look so pale.A _ A.Im just getting over the flu.B.It doesnt matter.C.You didnt sleep well last night.D.Im sorry to hear that.3.Are you feeling better today,Mrs.Silver?D _ A.Dont worry about me.B.Just stay in bed and have a good rest.C.There must be something wrong.D.Yes,thanks d
42、octor.But I still feel dizzy.4.I have got a pain in my neck.C _ A.Yes,I agree.B.Yes,you are quite right.C.Im sorry to hear that.D.Im feeling sick.5.Whats the matter with you?C _ A.It matters with you.B.Not too bad.C.I feel a bit sick.D.Thats right.十三）.表达喜欢、同意、肯定与否 I like/love very much I dont like/l
43、ove I hate No problem.All right.I agree with you No,I dont think so Im afraid I cant agree with you.Im sure.Im not sure.Perhaps/May be 1.What kind of TV program do you like best?C_ A.I like them very much.B.I only watch them at weekend.C.Its hard to say,actually.D.Im too busy to say.2.I really enjoy
44、 pop music.Whats your favorite?D _ A.No,not at all.B.Neither do I.C.So did I.D.Well,actually I like classical music.3.Its a great race!Do you agree?D _ A.Yes,it is really disappointing.B.No,I like it.C.No,its worth seeing it.D.Yes,its really exciting.4.Are you sure about that?D _ A.You neednt worry
45、about that.B.I like the idea.C.Oh,no.Im afraid of that.D.Oh yes,Im absolutely positive.5.You may have seen this film.C _ A.It is said to cost much.B.It will be shown next week.C.Actually,I havent.D.You may too.十四）.谈论天气、旅行、娱乐 Whats the weather like today?How is the weather in?Its fine/cloudy/windy/ra
46、iny What/How about your?Very interesting1.Nice weather,isnt it?2.C _3.A.Im not sure.4.B.You know it well.5.C.Yes,it is.6.D.Yes,it isnt.2.Whats the weather like in your hometown?D _ A.Its a nice place.B.I like the food there.C.He asks me if I like the weather.D.Its cold in winter and hot in summer.3.
47、What was your journey like?A _ A.It was terribly interesting.B.Yes,I like it very much.C.I like traveling.D.I dont like traveling at all.4.How is the movie?Interesting?C_ A.It was shown late until midnight.B.It was starred by a few famous people.C.Far from.I should have stay at home watching TV.D.I
48、was seated far away in the corner.5.What do you think about this story?C _ A.Thank you for telling me the story.B.Yes,its a real story.C.I like it very much.D.So do I.四四.根据语法句型分类根据语法句型分类 一）一）.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句的答语通常针对特殊疑问词作 出具体的回答 1.That man is alone over there.Who is he?B _ A.He is a student B.He is
49、Doctor Took C.A driver,I suppose D.Hes drunk 2.Why dont you travel to New York on vacation?C _ A.I dont want to go.B.Excuse me,because I cant.C.I want to,but I havent got enough money.D.Because Im going to school today.3.What subjects are you studying?C _ A.Yes,Im study history.B.Im studying now.C.I
50、m studying philosophy.D.Im doing my homework.4.Which language do you speak at home?D _ A.I speak English very well.B.I can speak English and French.C.English is my mother tongue.D.English,most of the time.5.When does the next bus leave for Glasgow?C _ A.Ive never been there.B.The next one is faster.