高中英语虚拟语气知识点梳理.pdf

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1、1 高中英语虚拟语气知识点梳理 单选题(经典例题高频考点-名师出品必属精品)1、She looks as if she _ ten years younger.AisBwasCwereDhad been 答案:C 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:她看起来好像年轻了十岁。分析句子,此处为虚拟语气,她看起来年轻十岁与现在事实相反,主句用一般过去时,be 动词都用 were,故选 C 项。2、Its recommended that you _ to bed on time.AgoingBgoCto goDdont go 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:建议你按时睡觉。句型 Its recommend

2、ed that+虚拟语气,从句谓语动词用 should+动词原形,should 可以省略。故选 B。3、If there were not so many new words,the text _ much easier.Awill beBwould have beenCcould have beenDwould be 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有这么多新单词的话,这篇文章将会简单得多。分析可知,句子为虚拟条件句,表示对现在情况的虚拟,条件句用一般过去时,主句用 would/should/could/might+动词原形,D 选项符合题意。故选 D 项。2 4、None of

3、these efforts _ today had it not been for the past 50-years of NASA efforts.Awould existBwould have existedCexistedDhad existed 答案:A 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:过去的 50 年,如果没有航天局的努力,今天这些成就都不会发生。分析可知,本句为错综条件句的虚拟语气。根据句中“had it not been for the past 50-years of NASA efforts”可知,这是省略了 if的虚拟条件句式,从句表示和过去事实相反,使用了 had done

4、的的句式,结合主句中 today 可知,主句和现在事实相反,所以用 would do,结合选项,选项 A 符合题意,故选 A。5、The people trapped in the ruins _ that rescue teams _ here without delay.Adesire;are sentBdesiring;were sent Cdesire;be sentDdesiring;be sent 答案:C 解析:考查主谓一致和虚拟语气。句意:被困在废墟中的人们希望立即派救援队到这里来。第一空主语为 people,时态为一般现在时,故谓语动词用原形 desire;第二空 desir

5、e(要求)后接 that 从句时,其谓语通常用“(should)动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式,should 可以省略,且 team 与 send 构成被动关系,故第二空应填 be sent。故选C。6、Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.Anot allowBdo not allow Cmustnt allowDcouldnt allow 答案:A 解析:3 考查虚拟语气。句意:老师建议家长为了安全起见,不要让 12 岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。rec

6、ommend 后的宾语从句中的谓语动词需要用虚拟语气,结构为“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。故 A 项正确。小提示:在表示建议、要求、命令、坚持、想法等词后的宾语从句中要用(should)do 的虚拟语气,其中 should 可以省略,常见的这类词有 advise,suggest,recommend,demand,order,require,insist,propose,agree,decide 等。如,The doctor suggested that she(should)take care of herself.7、You could come back by Fri

7、day _ today,which can ensure your presence at my birthday party.Ashould you start offBdid you start off Chad you started offDwould you start off 答案:A 解析:考查虚拟语气中的倒装。句意:如果你今天出发,你可以在星期五回来,这样可以确保你参加我的生日聚会。本题考查虚拟语气中的倒装,逗号之前若使用 if 引导的虚拟条件句,则为:You could come back by Friday if you should start off today。在虚拟

8、条件状语从句中如果有 were,should,had 这三个词,可以将 if 省略,将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前,变成 were,should,had+主语的形式。故选 A。小提示:虚拟语气中的倒装 当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should 时,可以将 if 省略,将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前,变成 were,should,had+主语的形式:1)If he should fail,he would kill himself.Should he fail,he would kill himself.万一失败,他就会自杀。2)If I were you,I would do it

9、at once.Were I you,I would do it at once.4 假若我是你,我就会马上做。3)If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.Had he seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。本小题考查虚拟语气中的倒装,属于以上解析的第二种情况。逗号之前若使用 if 引导的虚拟条件句,则为:You could come back by Friday if you should start of

10、f today。在虚拟条件状语从句中如果有 were,should,had 这三个词,可以将 if 省略,将它们放在虚拟条件句的主语之前,变成 were,should,had+主语的形式,即为虚拟语气中的倒装。故选 A。8、It is suggested that the bridge _.Ashould rebuiltBshould be rebuilt Cwould be rebuiltDwould rebuilt 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟语气和语态。句意:有人建议这座桥应该被重建。It is suggested that 这个句型中,that 从句应该使用should+动词原形,shou

11、ld 可以被省略的虚拟语气。“桥”和“重建”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选 B。9、But for your help,I _ the work on time.I really do not know how I can thank you enough.Awouldnt finishBhadnt finished Cwouldnt have finishedDwont have finished 答案:C 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是你的帮助,我就不会按时完成这项工作了。我真不知道该怎么感谢你才好。此处But for“要不是”,相当于 if 引导的虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,所以主语

12、部分应该是5 would/might/could+have done 结构。故选 C。10、I recommend that you _ on your study instead of _ computer games all day.Afocus;playBfocusing;playing Cfocusing;playDfocus;playing 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意:我建议你集中精力学习而不是整天玩电脑游戏。第一空 recommend 表示建议,所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should)+原形动词,should 可省略;第二空作介词 of

13、 的宾语,应用动名词形式。故选 D。11、-Its a complete pity that you missed the wonderful lecture.-Terribly sorry!_my former colleague not come to me unexpectedly.AShouldBWouldCHadDDid 答案:C 解析:考查虚拟倒装。句意:你错过了那场精彩的演讲,真是太遗憾了!非常抱歉,要是我以前的同事没有突然来找我就好了。根据句意可知,此处是对过去的虚拟,从句用过去完成时,谓语动词是 had,if 可以省略,但是要用倒装语序。故选 C。12、Tom insiste

14、d what he said_ true and we insisted that he_ and have a look.Abe;should goBshould be;would go Cwas;goDwas;would go 答案:C 6 解析:考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:汤姆坚持说他说的是真的,我们坚持要求他去看一看。第一个 insist 引导宾语从句,意为“坚持认为”,用陈述语气,宾语从句的时态根据主句而定,根据主句的 insisted 可知,时态为过去时,所以用 was;第二个 insist 引导宾语从句,意为“坚持要求”,需用虚拟语气。insist that sb(should)d

15、o,其中should 可以省略,所以动词用原形 go。故选 C。13、Its requested that a lecture _ on this subject.Ais givenBshould be givenCwill be givenDhas been given 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:有人要求就这个问题举行一次讲座。request 表示“要求”时引导的 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。故选 B。小提示:后接虚拟语气的常见词 1)在 insist,order,command,sugg

16、est,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令,决定,建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:He ordered that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2)类似用法的还有 advisable,

17、appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词;decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:7 It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decis

18、ion was that the school remain closed.3)请注意,当这些词语不是用于表示“命令,决定,建议”的含义时,所引导从句不用虚拟语气。14、How marvelous our life is with so many digital devices!Yes.I bet our life_the same without them.AisntBcant beCwont beDwouldnt be 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:有这么多数码设备,我们的生活真是太奇妙了。是的。我打赌如果没有它们,我们的生活就不一样了。由 without 判断此处是含蓄虚拟语气,且

19、与现在的事实相反,故用 would+do/be,故选 D 项。小提示:本句考查含蓄虚拟语气 含蓄虚拟语气里常会出现 without,but for,otherwise,were if not for 等词,例如:Without your help,I couldnt have passed the driving test yesterday.没有你的帮助,我就不可能通过昨天的驾考。Thanks for your advice,otherwise I wouldnt have lost weight successfully.多亏了你的建议,否则我就不会成功减肥了。15、The profess

20、or demanded that all the essays _ to him by Jan.10th.Ahand inBbe handed in Cshould hand inDwere handed in 答案:B 8 解析:考查语态和虚拟语气。句意:教授要求所有的论文在 1 月 10 日前交上来。essays 与 hand in 之间是被动关系,应该用被动语态,demand 后的宾语从句应该用 should do 的虚拟语气,should 可以省略,故 B 项正确。小提示:注意在表示建议、要求、命令以及坚持等词后的宾语从句中要用 should+动词的虚拟语气,其中 should 可以省

21、略。16、Left to itself,the place _ into a prosperous civilized community Awas to growBwere to grow Cshould have grownDwould have grown 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果任其发展,这个地方会发展成一个繁荣的文明社区。此句为隐含条件虚拟语气,且与过去事实相反,所以主句用 would/could/should/might+have done。would 表示“将会”,should 表示“应当”。故选 D。17、When it comes to death,Vince

22、nt Van Gogh _ by others in that his wound didnt indicate suicide,while Albert Einstein _ longer but he refused surgery,Amay have been killed;should have lived Bshould have been killed;should have lived Cmay have been killed;must have lived Dshould have been killed:must have lived 答案:A 9 解析:考查情态动词和虚拟

23、语气。句意:谈到死亡,文森特梵高可能被其他人杀害,因为他的伤口并不意味着自杀,而阿尔伯特爱因斯坦本应该活得更长,但他拒绝接受手术。A.may have been killed;should have lived 可能被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;B.should have been killed;should have lived 本应该被其他人杀害,本应该活得更长;C.may have been killed;must have lived 可能被其他人杀害,一定活了很长;D.should have been killed:must have lived 本应该被其他人杀害,一定活了很长。结

24、合句意,may have done 表示对发生过的事情的推测,should have done 本应该做某事,实际未做,符合句意。故选 A 项。18、_I had more money,I could buy a car.AOnly ifBIf everCIf onlyDEven if 答案:C 解析:考查状语从句的从属连词。句意:要是我有更多钱就好了,我就可以买一辆车。A.Only if 只有,除非;B.If ever 如果曾经有;C.If only 要是就好了;D.Even if 尽管。分析句子可知,此处是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,再结合句意可知,此处用 if only“要是就好了”符合语

25、境和语法要求,故选 C 项。19、This is her only request that the room_ after being used.Abe cleanedBis cleanedCwould be cleanedDwill be cleaned 答案:A 解析:考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:她唯一的要求就是房间用完后要打扫。request 表示“要求”所接的 that 引导的同位语从句一般用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should)+原形动词,should 可省略,从句中主语 room与 clean 构成被动关系,应用被动语态。故选 A。20、How impressive C

26、hinas 70th anniversary of National Day parade is!10 Definitely.If only I _ on the scene!AwasBwereChave beenDhad been 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:国庆 70 周年阅兵式真是令人印象深刻。当然,要是我在现场就好了。此处考查对过去的虚拟,用 if only sb.had done sth.,故选 D 项。小提示:本题考查 if only(要是就好了)引导的状语从句中的虚拟语气,虚拟语气一般有三种情况:与现在事实相反用一般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时;与将来事实相反用过去

27、将来时。例如 If only I had tried my best years ago。要是我几年前尽全力就好了。If only I were in china at present.要是我现在在中国就好了。21、He _ his potential had it not been for his desire to meet new challenges.Awould never have realizedBwould never realize Cnever realizedDhad never realized 答案:A 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是因为他渴望迎接新的挑战,他就不

28、会实现他的潜能。分析句子结构可知,本句考查 if 引导的条件句的虚拟,省略 if 倒装的情况,根据语法规则可知,从句中谓语动词用过去完成时,主句谓语动词应用 would have done;分析本句可知,空格处应为主句谓语部分且表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选 A。22、I would not be seeing the film Green Book now _ me up in time.Awere Kathy not to pickBhad Kathy not picked 11 Cif Kathy hasnt pickedDif Kathy did not pick 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟

29、语气。句意:要是 Kathy 没有及时接我,我现在就不会在看绿皮书了。此处是描述的与过去事实相反的假设,从句应谓语动词使用过去完成时;当虚拟条件句中有 had(助动词)/should/were 时,可以省略if,将 had(助动词)/should/were 提前,构成倒装结构。故 B 选项正确。小提示:虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况,可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。虚拟语气的本质就是对根本不可能的情况发生假设。我们可以记住这样一个原则,即把时态向过去推一格。一、对现在情况的虚拟 条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式,主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式,表

30、示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你,我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实上我不是你)If I had a map now,we could easily get out of the forest.如果现在有地图,我们能很容易地走出森林。(事实上是现在没有地图)注意:在条件从句中,如果谓语动词是 be 的形式,不管主语是单数还是复数,书面语中用 were,而口语中如果是单数,也可以用 was,不过在 if I were.中一般用 were。二、对过去情况的虚拟 条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式

31、,主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.如果昨天没有你的帮助,我不会赶上公交车。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我,所以我赶上了车)三、对将来情况的虚拟 12 在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中,谓语动词可用 should do,were to do 或动词的过去式三种形式表示,但意义略有不同。should 表示的可能性最大,动词过去式的可能性次之,were to do 的可能性最小。If things

32、were to be twice,all would be wise.假如凡事都可以重新做一次,人人皆可成为聪明人。(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)23、He is always seeking excuses for the debt,but Id rather he _ it off as early as possible.Awould payBwould have paidChad paidDpaid 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:他总是在为债务找借口,但我宁愿他尽早还清。would rather 后接宾语从句,谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,表示过去的愿望用过去完成时,表示现在

33、或将来的愿望用一般过去时。本句表示对将来的愿望,故用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故选 D 项。24、His pale face suggests that he_ not feel very well,so l recommend that he_ the doctor immediately.Adoes;seesBdoes;see Cdo;seeDdo;will see 答案:B 解析:考查时态、主谓一致和虚拟语气。句意:他苍白的脸色表明他感觉不太舒服,所以我建议他立即去看医生。由“His pale face”可知,前半句表示“他苍白的脸色表明他感觉不太舒服”,suggest 意为“表明”

34、,其后的 that 从句中用陈述语气,由 suggests 可知,句子时态是一般现在时,主语 he 是第三人称单数,因此空格处是第三人称单数 does;recommend 意为“建议”,其后的 that 从句中用 should do 的虚拟语气,should 可省略,因此第二空是 see,故选 B。13 25、Sam insisted that he_the law and_.Adidnt break;mustnt be punishedBdoesnt break;shouldnt punish Chadnt broken;be not punishedDhadnt broken;not be

35、 punished 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:Sam 坚持说他没有违法,也不应该受到惩罚。此处考查 insist 用法,第一:当 insist 译为“坚持认为”,从句使用陈述语气,该句中 insist 使用一般过去时,故从句时态应为过去完成时(had+done);第二:当 insist 译为“坚持要求”,从句使用虚拟语气,结构为:主语+should+动词原形,should 可以省略。该句第二个空中 punish 与 Sam 之间构成被动关系,故填 should not be punished,should 可省略。故选 D 项。26、It is time that we _ a de

36、cision on how to approach this problem.AmakeBmadeCto makeDwill make 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:是我们决定如何处理这个问题的时候了。固定句式 It is time that 后面的从句谓语用过去式或 should+动词原形。故选 B。27、She insisted that she _ to the disaster-hit area and that her request _ reasonable.Abe sent,wasBshould send,was Cshould be sent,beDsend,should

37、 be 答案:A 解析:考查时态及虚拟语气。句意:她坚持要把她送到灾区,她的要求是合理的。分析句子可知,insist 坚持,其后14 跟句子应用虚拟语气(should)+do,且 send 与 she 之间是被动关系,故用 be sent;此句用的是一般过去时,且第二空的主语是 her request,故应用 was。结合选项,故选 A。28、If you had enough money,what _?Awill you buyBwould you buy Cwould you have boughtDwill you have bought 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你有足够

38、的钱,你会买什么?此处表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句用 did(was 用were),主句用 would/should/could+动词原形,故 B 项正确。小提示:非真实条件句的虚拟语气的基本用法是:表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用 had done,主句谓语动词用 would/should/could+have done;表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用 did(was 用 were),主句谓语动词用 would/should/could+动词原形;表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用 did(was 用 were),should do 或 were to do,主句谓

39、语动词用 would/should/could+动词原形。29、Ill give _ to your suggestion that we _ a party in honor of the experienced professor.Amuch thought;holdBmany thoughts;should hold Cmuch thought;will holdDsome thought;can hold 答案:A 解析:考查不可数名词和 suggestion 后的同位语从句。句意:我将仔细考虑你的建议,我们为这位经验丰富的教授举行一个聚会。thought 作为“想法”的时候是可数名词

40、,作为抽象意义的“思想”时是不可数名词;suggestion 后面的同位语从句应该用(should)+动词原形。结合句意可知答案为 A。15 30、Im good at maths,so my teacher recommend that I _ advanced maths in my first year.AchooseBchoosedCchosenDhave chose 答案:A 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我擅长数学,所以我的老师建议我在第一年选择高年级的数学课程。分析句子可知,句中使用 recommend 即表“建议”后的宾语从句,应使用虚拟语气,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构

41、成,其中should 一般省略。故选 A 项。31、Many people _ from sickness or even small wounds had penicillin not been available.Awould dieBwould have diedCmay dieDmay have died 答案:B 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:如果没有青霉素,许多人可能会死于疾病甚至小伤口。分析句意可知,此句是一个虚拟语气,根据句中的“had penicillin not been available”可知,此句是对过去的虚拟,故其主语的谓语动词应用“should/would/might

42、/could+have+过去分词”。结合选项,故选 B。32、All the facts in Californias record-breaking heatwave suggest that the wildfires to the brutally hot temperature,so its suggested that people with health problem carefully.Awere linked;are taken care ofBbe linked;be taken care of Cshould be linked;are attended toDwere

43、linked;be attended to 答案:D 解析:考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:加州破纪录的热浪中,所有的事实都表明,野火与残酷的高温有关,所以建议有健康问题的人慎重对待。第一空中 suggest 表示“表明”,后跟宾语从句不用虚拟语气,且从句中描述过去发生16 的事情应用一般过去时,主语为复数名词,谓语动词应用复数,故排除 B 选项和 C 选项;第二空 suggest 表示“建议”,后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气,谓语应用(should)+动词原形,故排除 A 选项。故选 D。33、I didnt see your sister at the party.If she _,she would

44、 have met my brother.Ahas comeBdid comeCwouldDhad come 答案:D 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:我在聚会上没看见你妹妹。如果她来了,她就会见到我弟弟了。题干是:我在会议上没看到你姐姐,故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反,前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟,所以 if 从句中用 had+过去分词。故选 D。小提示:if 引导虚拟语气 1).表示与现在事实相反的情况,其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式(be 动词用 were),主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如:If the weather

45、were fine,we would go to Shanghai.如果天气好,我们就去上海。(事实上天气不好)If they had time,they would/could/might go with me.如果他们有时间,他们就会(可能)和我一起去。2).表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去完成式,主语+would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”。如:If I had taken his advice,I shouldnt/wouldnt/couldnt have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做,我

46、一定不会(不可能)犯这样的错误。3).表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果,其句型为“if+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形,主语+would/could/might/should+动词原形”。如:The glass would break if you dropped it.杯子摔下来会打破的。(事实上没有摔下来)17 If it should rain,the crops would/could/might be saved.假如天下雨,庄稼就一定(有可能)会得救。34、This printer is of good quality.If it _ bre

47、ak down within the first year,we _ repair it at our expense.Ashall;willBmust;shouldCshould;wouldDcan;shall 答案:C 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年内使用坏了,我们付费保修。此处为 if 引导的条件句,与将来事实相反,表示与将来事实相反的情况有三种表达方式:过去式,was/were to+动词原形,should+动词原形,主句谓语用 should(would,could,might)+动词,结合选项可知选 C。小提示:if 引导的虚拟语气 一、与现在事实相反 若与

48、现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be 通常用 were),主句谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。如:If you took a taxi,youd get there quicker.如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)If I knew her number I could ring her up.要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)二、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should(would,could,might)+have

49、+过去分词”。如:If Id left sooner,Id have been on time.要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)18 三、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be 通常用 were),主句谓语用“should(would,could,might)+动词原形”。如:If he went,would you go too?如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)If

50、I asked him,Im sure hed help us.如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)注意与说明:对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);35、But for the belief that things better soon,many people couldnt have survived the rough time.Ahad go

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