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1、名词解释 Heroic Couplet:a couplet consisting of two rhymed lines of iambic pentameter;and written in an elevated style.1Renaissance:a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.It has two features:a thirsti
2、ng curiosity for the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.2Sonnet:14-line lyric poem;usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter.3Blank verse:poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.4Neoclassicism:the Enlightenment brought about a revival of interest in Greek and Rom
3、an works.This tendency is known as Neoclassicism.5Sentimentalism:it was one of the important trends in English literature of the later decades of the 18th century.It concentrated on the free expression of thoughts and emotions;and presented a new view of human nature which prized feeling over thinki
4、ng;passion over reason.6Romanticism:imagination;emotion and freedom are certainly the focal points of romanticism.The particular characteristics of the literature of romanticism include:subjectivity and an emphasis on individualism;freedom from rules;solitary life rather then life in society;the bel
5、iefs that imagination is superior to reason;and love of and worship of nature.7Lake Poets:the English poets who lived in and drew inspiration from the Lake District at the beginning of the 19th century.8Byronic Heroes:a variant of the Romantic heroes as a type of character enthusiasm;persistence;pur
6、suing freedom;named after the English Romantic Poet Gordon Byron.9Realism:seeks to portray familiar characters;situations;and settings in a realistic manner.This is done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.10Aestheticism:an art movement
7、supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than socio-political themes for literature;fine art;music and other arts.11Stream-of-Consciousness:it is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author.It is a narrativ
8、e mode.12Dramatic Monologue:a kind of narrative poem in which one character speaks to one or more listeners whose replies are not given in the poem.13Iambic Pentameter:a poetic line consisting of five verse feet;with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable;that is;with each
9、foot an iamb.14Epic:a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.15Elegy:a poem of mourning;usually over the death of an individual;may also be a lament over the passing of life and beauty or a meditation of the natur
10、e of death;a type of lyric poem.16Canto:a section of a long poem.The cantos can be a great poem 17Ode:a complex and often lengthy lyric poem;written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subjects.Odes are written for a special occasion;to honor a person or a season or to commemorate a
11、n event.Spenserian Stanza:a nine-line stanza made up of 8 lines of iambic pentameter ending with an Alexandrine.Its thyme scheme is ababbcbcc.This stanza was common to travel literature.18Metrical Pattern:a lyric poem of five 14-lined stanzas containing four tercets and a closing couplet.The rhyme s
12、cheme is aba bcb cdc ded ee.文学史 中古时期 1.Beowulf 贝奥武甫:the natural epic of the English people;Denmark story;alliteration;metaphor;understatements 2.Sir Gawain and Green Knight 高文爵士和绿衣骑士 3.Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里 乔叟：the Father of English Poetry;The Canterbury Tales 埃特伯雷故事集 24stories 文艺复兴时期 1.Thomas More:Ut
13、opia 乌托邦-the communication between more and the traveler which just came back from Utopia.2.Francis Bacon:the first English Essayist;Essays 随笔集-Of Studies;Of Truth philosophical and literary works 3.Thus Wyatt:first to introduce the sonnet into English literature.4.Edmund Spenser:Poets poet;The Fair
14、y Queen 仙后 to Queen Elizabeth I 5.William Shakespeare:Sonnet 18Shall I compare thee to a summers day 17 世纪英国文学 1.John Donne:the leading poet of Metaphysical school of poetry;A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning 分离：莫忧伤 2.John Milton:Paradise Lost 失乐园 a revolt against Gods authority;Paradise Regained 复乐园
15、 how Christ overcame Santa stories were taken from Bible 3.John Bunyan:the son of Renaissance;Pilgrims Progress 天路历程 imagination;shadowing;realistic religious allegory 18 世纪英国文学 Novel：1.the age of reason;classicism;sentimentalism and romanticism novels;prose;dramas;poetry 2.Daniel Defoe:representati
16、ve of English realistic novel;Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨逊漂流记 the development of a young man from a naive and artless youth to a clever and hardened man 3.Jonathan Swift:Gullivers Travels 格列佛游记 fictional;satirical-human nature;the European Government;the differences between religions;whole English state syst
17、em 4.Henry Fielding:the Father of English novel;The History of Tome Jones;a Foundling 汤姆 琼斯;satiric Poetry：5.Thomas Gray:Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌 6.Alexander Pope:perfected in heroic couplet;An Essay on Criticism 论批评 7.William Blake:pre-romantic;Songs of Innonce 天真之歌;Songs of Exper
18、ience 经验之歌-London;The Tiger 8.Robert Burns:A Red Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰 Drama:9.Richard Brinsley Sheridan:Master of Comedy of manners;The School for Scandal 造谣学校 浪漫主义时期 1798-1832 1.William Wordsworth:the Lake Poets;The Prelude 序曲；I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud 我似流云天自游；The Solitary Reaper 孤寂的割麦女；features:poet
19、 of nature and human heart 2.Samuel Taylor Coleridge:the first critic of the Romantic school;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子咏 3.George Gordon Byron:vigorous;strong and beautiful;Childe Harolds Pilgrimage 恰尔德 哈罗尔德游记 spenserian stanza;fights for liberty;Don Juan 唐 璜 a broad critical picture of Eur
20、opean life;When We Two Parted 昔日依依别；She Walks in Beauty 她走在美的光影中；The Isles of Greece 哀希腊 4.Percy Bysshe Shelley:Ode to the West Wind 西风颂-赞颂西风;希望与其紧密相连;Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯 the victory for mans struggle against tyranny and oppression 5.John Keats:sensuous;colorful and rich in imagery;Ode to a
21、 Nightingale 夜莺颂；Ode on a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂 6.Walter Scott:Father of Historical Novel;combine historical fact and romantic imagination 7.Jane Austen:wit;dry humour;subtle irony;realistic;Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见 Elizabeth and Darcy；Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感；Emma 爱玛 8.Charles Lamb:Poor Relations 穷
22、亲戚;Dream-children 童年梦幻;A Reverie 幻想曲 维多利亚时期 1.summit：realistic novel 2.Charles Dickens:critical realist writer;humour;wit;happy endings;A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 London&Paris;where there is oppression;there is revolution;David Copperfield 大卫 科波菲尔；Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿；Hard Time 艰难时世；Great Expectations 远大
23、前程；Dombey and Son 董贝父子；Pickwick Papers 匹克威克外传 3.William Makepeace Thackeray:Vanity Fair 名利场 to satirize the social more;decadence and corruption of his time;to criticize the values measured by wealth 4.George Eliot:novelist;her novels are celebrated for their realism and psychological insights;Adam
24、Bede 亚当 比德 social inequality；The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner织工马南 5.Alfred Tennyson:succeeded Wordsworth as Poet Laureate in 1850;Break;Break;Break 拍吧;拍吧;拍吧；Crossing the Bar 过沙洲 6.Robert Browning:dramatic monologues;My Last Duchess 我已故的公爵夫人 7.The Bronte Sisters:Charlotte:Jane Eyre 简爱：简爱是一
25、个心地纯洁、善于思考的女性;她生活在社会底层;受尽磨难.但她有倔强的性格和勇于追求平等幸福的精神.小说以浓郁抒情的笔法和深刻细腻的心理描写;引人入胜地展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历;歌颂了摆脱一切旧习俗和偏见.扎根于相互理解、相互尊重的基础之上的深挚爱情;具有强烈的震撼心灵的艺术力量.其最为成功之处在于塑造了一个敢于反抗;敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象.Emily:Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄：描写吉卜赛弃儿希斯克利夫被山庄老主人收养后;因受辱和恋爱不遂;外出致富;回来后对与其女友凯瑟琳结婚的地主林顿及其子女进行报复的故事.Anne:Agnes Gray 安格尼斯 格雷
26、20 世纪英国文学 1.Thomas Hardy:feature:past and modern;critical;realism;determinism;Tess of The Durbervillles 德伯家的苔丝；Jude the Obscure 无名的裘德 2.John Galsworthy:From the Four Winds 四季的风；The Man of Property有产业的人；The Silver Box 银盒 3.George Bernard Shaw:structurally and thematically;vividly;Mrs Warrens Professi
27、on 华伦夫人的职业；Pygmalion 皮革马利翁 transform a cockney-speaking flower girl into a woman as poised and well-spoken as a duchess;The Apple Cart 苹果车 4.Oscar Wilde:aestheticism;The Happy Prince and Other Tales 快乐王子；The Picture of Dorian Gray 道林 格雷的画像 5.D.H.Lawrence:first introduce themes of psychology into his works;Sons and Lovers 儿子和情人；The White Peacock 白孔雀 6.Virginia Woolf:stream-of-consciousness;feminist;To the Lighthouse 到灯塔去；Mrs Dalloway 达洛维夫人 7.James Joyce:Ulysses 尤利西斯 stream of consciousness;a modern prose epic;Dubliners 都柏林人