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1、第1页/共 10 页 高一英语必修三unit 3语法 名词性从句：宾语从句和表语从句 名词性从句的定义 1、名词：_ 2、名词在句子当中一般充当的成分：_ 3、名词性从句：在复合句中起 _ 作用的从句叫做名词性从 句。名词性从句的作用相当于 _，因止匕 _?_、_ 和 _ 从句分别 作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。观察下列从 Reading 中选取的句子，思考句中黑体词引导什么从句 It is Henry Adams,an America n bus in essma n,who is lost in London and does not kno wwhat he should do.Ma
2、y we ask what you re doing in this country anWhat your plans are?I can t sthat I have any plans.I m afraiCthat)l don quite follow you,sir.I don t thi(tlhat)it s very funny.The fact is that I earned my passage by work ing as an un paid hand,which accounts for my appearanee.That why we have given you
3、the letter.【自我总结】一为 _ 句，、为 _ 从句 一、宾语从句 1、定义：在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2、类别 1)_ 的宾语从句：I heard that he would come here later on.2)_ 的宾语从句：He said nothing about who broke the wi ndow last ni ght.3)_ 勺宾语从句 这类形容词或过去分词有 sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied 等，连词 that 可省略。I am not sure wha
4、t I ought to do.rm surprised that I did nt see all that before.Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.第2页/共 10 页 3、句子结构：主句+连词（引导词）+宾语从句 She askedthese an swers were right.We can learn what we do not know.4、宾语从句的引导词（1）从属连词 that He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know（that）he
5、 has returned 我知道他已经回来了。（此处 that 可省略）分析：从句中 _（缺/不缺）句子成分，_（有/无）实际意 义，只起连接作用，所以填 that（2）从属连词 if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。I don t know you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。分析：从句中 _（缺/不缺）句子成分，意为 _,只起连接作用，所以填 if/whether whether 与 if 引导宾语从句的区别 情况 whether if 从句置于句首时 从句作介词的宾语时 从句作 discuss,d
6、oubt（doubt 用于 肯定结构时）等动词的宾语时 与 or not 或动词不定式直接连用 时 用 if 容易产生歧义时 从句为否定句时 操练：用 if/whether 填空。_she will come or not is still a question 她是否能来还是 个 rm interested in _ he likes English 我关心的是他是否喜欢 英语。Let me know _ or n ot he will come.让我知道他是否能来。He hasnt decided _ to visit the old ma n 他尚未决定是否拜 访那位老人。_ this
7、is true or not I cant say.这是否真的我说不上来。People doubt _ he is a thief 人们怀疑他是否是小偷。He asked _ I didn t come to school yestirSO 我昨天是 第3页/共 10 页 否没来学校。注意：Please let me know if you like the book 可理解为：If you like the book,please let me know 你如果喜欢这本书，请 告诉我（3）连接代词 who,what,whom,whose,which Do you know who has w
8、on the game 你知道是谁赢得这 场游戏么？分析：从句中缺 _ ，指代 _（人/物），意为 _,所以填 who I wonder what he writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写 信说什么事。分析：从句中缺 _ 语，指代 _（人/物），意为 _,所以填 what They asked mewhom we were talki ng with.分析：从句中缺 _ ，指代 _（人/物），意为 _,所 以填 whom Can you tell me whose mother this is？分析：从句中缺 _ ，指代 _（人/物），意为 _ 所以填 whose Do
9、 you know whose bag that is?分析：从句中缺 _ ，指代 _（人/物），意为 _ 所以填 whose I want to know which book you like to read best of the three.分析：从句中缺 _ ，指代 _（人/物），意为 _ 所以填 which（4）连接畐 U 词 when,where,why,how He didn t tell nwhen we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。分析：从句中缺 _ ，意为 _,所以填 when None of us kno wswhere the
10、se new parts can be bought.分析：从句中缺 _ ,意为 _,所以填 where I ll tell yowhy I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你 来。分析：从句中缺 _ ，意为 _,所以填 why Could you please tell mehow you use the new panel.分析：从句中缺 _ ，意为 _,所以填 how 4、引导词用法小结 第4页/共 10 页 类别 引导词 用法 从属连词 that 只起连接作用，不作句子成分，无实际意义 if,whether 只起连接作用，不作句子成分，意为是否 连接代词 who
11、 在从句中作主语，意为谁”指人 what 在从句中作主语/宾语/表语，意为 什么”指 物 whom 在从句中作宾语，意为谁”指人 whose 在从句中作定语，意为 谁的”指人/物 which 在从句中作定语，意为 哪一个”指人/物 连接副词 whe n 在从句中作时间状语，意为什么时候”where 在从句中作地点状语，意为在哪里”why 在从句中作原因状语，意为 为什么”how 在从句中作方式状语，意为怎样”4、时态 1.主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态，根据实际情况而 疋 I know that he lives here.I know that he lived here ten y
12、ears ago.I have heard that he will come tomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的 时态一定要 用相对应的过去的某种时（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）I knew who lived here.I saw that she was talk ing with her mother.He said Jhat his father had gone to Beiji ng.3.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时，仍用一般现 在时。He told the boy that three and thre
13、e is six.He told me that the earth moves around the sun.5、注意事项 1）从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的 that 不可省略。He phoned us to tell（that）it was time for us to set off andhat 第5页/共 10 页 he would wait for us at the first cross in g.（第一个 that 可省略，第二个 that 不可省略）2）在 in sist,dema nd,order,suggest,propose,advise,desir 等 表示坚 持
14、、命令、建议等意义的动词后，that 宾语从句中谓语常用“（should）+动词原 形”表示虚拟。一般说来，教师”概念之形成经历了十分漫长的历史。杨士勋（唐初 学者，四门博士）春秋谷梁传疏曰：师者教人以不及，故谓师 为师资也”这儿的 师资”其实就是先秦而后历代对教师的别称之 一。韩非子也有云：今有不才之子师长教之弗为变”其师 长”当然也指教师。这儿的 师资”和 师长”可称为 教师”概念的雏形，但仍说不上是名副其实的 教师”因为 教师”必须要有明确的传授知 识的对象和本身明确的职责。Wan gwei in sisted that she（should）orga nize the trip wel
15、l.3）动词+it+形容词或惯用搭配+that 从句，it 为形式宾语，that 从句 为真正的宾语。I think it necessarythat we take pientv of hot water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。4）动词 doubt 用于否定结构或疑问结构 时，宾语从句的引导词用 that。5）否定前移：主句为第一人称，主语谓语为 think,believe,imagine,suppose 和 expect 等动词，后面的否定性宾语从句，要把主句的动词 变为否定式。I don t believou are a liar.二、表语从句 1、概念：表语
16、从句是在复合句中作表语的从句。2、句子结构：放在系动词之后,般结构是 主语+系动词+表语从句”3、可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be,look,remain,seem 等。常见的系动词的三种类型：A.表示特征和状态：be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appe 等 B.表示由一类状态转为另一类状态:get,become,grow,turn,fall,go come,run 等 C.表示某种状态的：rema in,keep,prove,continue,stay 等 第6页/共 10 页 4、引导词 类别 引导词 用法 从属连 词 that 只起连接作用，不作句子成分，无
17、实际 意义 whether 只起连接作用，不作句子成分，意为是 否”不能用 if 替换 连接代 词 who,what，whom,whose,which 等 用法与宾语从句的一样 连接副 词 whe n,where,why,how 用法与宾语从句的一样 其他连 词 because 主句主语般不用 reason as if/as though 死记硬背是一种传统的教学方式，在我 国有悠久的历史。但随着素质教育的开 展，死记硬背被作为一种僵化的、阻碍学 生能力发展的教学方式，渐渐为人们所 摒弃;而另一方面，老师们又为提高学生 的语文素养煞费苦心。其实，只要应用得 当,“死记硬背”与提高学生素质并不矛
18、 盾。相反，它恰是提高学生语文水平的重 要前提和基础。表语从句表示的情况发 生的可能性较小时 要练说，得练看。看与说是统一的，看 不准就难以说得好。练看，就是训练幼 儿的观察能力，扩大幼儿的认知范围，让幼儿在观察事物、观察生活、观察自 然的活动中，积累词汇、理解词义、发 展语言。在运用观察法组织活动时，我 着眼观察于观察对象的选择，着力于观 察过程的指导，着重于幼儿观察能力和 语言表达能力的提咼。常用虚拟语气 探由从属连词 that,whether 引导的表语从句 1)The trouble is that she has lost his money 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。that 不作成分
19、2)The problem wasthat it was too valuable for everyday use.that 不 作成分 问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。单靠 死”记还不行，还得 活”用，姑且称之为 先死后活”吧。让学生把一 周第7页/共 10 页 看到或听到的新鲜事记下来，摒弃那些假话套话空话，写出自己的真 情实感，篇幅可长可短，并要求运用积累的成语、名言警句等，定期检查 点评，选择优秀篇目在班里朗读或展出。这样，即巩固了所学的材料，又 锻炼了学生的写作能力，同时还培养了学生的观察能力、思维能力等 等，达至 U 一石多鸟”的效果。3)The question iswhethe
20、r we need more ice cream,whether 不作成分 我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。探 由关系代词 which,who,what,whose 等引导的表 语从句 1)The question iswhich of us should go 问题是我们哪一个应该去 which 作 _ 2)The problem waswho could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。who 作 _ 3)Thats what he is worrying about 那就是他在担心的事。(what 作 )3)Time is what we should treasure 时间应该
21、是我们珍惜的。(what 作 _)4)China is no Iongerwhat it used to be.中国不再是过去的中国。(what 作 _)探 由关系副词 when,where,why,how 引导的表语从 句 1)Go and get your coat.Itswhere you left it.去把雨衣拿来，就在你原来放的地方 2)I had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella.That why I got wWt s through.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。3)That is how mice ruin many sto
22、res of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。探 由连词 because,as if/as though 等引导的表语从句 1)It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。2)It seemsas if he didn t know the answe 像他不知道答案。3)Thats becausewe never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过止 h 事。5、注意事项 1)表语从句一定要用陈述语序(x)The question iswhen can he arrive at the ho
23、tel.练习 第 8 页/共 10 页 （V）The question iswhen he can arrive at the hotel.2）不可以用 if,而用 whether 连接表语从句（as if 例 外）位于介词后要用 whether，位于句首时要用 whether 引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用 whether(x)The question isif the enemy is marching towards us.(V)The question iswhether the enemy is marching towards us.(V)It looked as if
24、he had understood this question.(3)不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态 V)和从句时态可以不一致 The questi on is who will travel with me to Beiji ng tomorrow.(V)The question is why he cried yesterday.3)that 在表语从句中不可以省掉。4)that,why,because 引导表语从句的区别 _ that,why,because 都可引导表语从句。表示原因的名词(because,cause 作句子主语时，后面的表语从句常用 that 引导，不
25、可用 because.The reason why he was late was that he missed the first train this morni ng.because 引导的表语从句常用于 that s because 结构，说明的是 原因。why 引导的表语从句常用于 that s why结构，说明的是结 果。I was late for school this morning.That s becauseI stayed up too late last ni ght.I stayed up too late last night.Thats why I was la
26、te for school this mor ning.5)主语是表示建议、命令、要求、计划(suggestion,advice,proposal,order,comma nd,request,requireme nt,dema nd,pia n 等的名词时，表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词 用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。My suggestion is that we(should)set off early tomorrow.、单句改错 1.He said the text was very important and we should learn it b
27、y heart.2.My worry is that he can get there on time.第9页/共 10 页 3.The reason why he failed was because he hadnt studied hard.4.What we need are time.5.Here are two books.You can take whatever you want.二、用适当的词填空，使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整。1.He told me _ he would go to college the next year.2.I don t know _ ther
28、e will be a bus.3.I really dont know _ you should depend on if you dont depend on your parents.4.He didn t tell me _ he would come back from Shanghai next time.5.Let me know _ train youll be arriving on.6.Can you work out _ much we will spend during the trip?7.Make sure _ there are no mistakes in yo
29、ur papers before you turn them in.8.We think it necessary _ we take plenty of hot water every day.9.Tom is very lazy.That is _ he didn t pass the exam.10.This is _ we found the strange trees.11.My idea is _ we should all do our best to do everything well.12.It looked _ he had understood this questio
30、n.13.The reason why I was sad was _ he didn t understand me.14.His first question was _ Mr.Smith had arrived or not.15.We all find it important _ we(should)make a quick decision about this matter.第10页/共 10 三、关联词的选择 1.The road is covered with snow.I can t understand they insist on going on motor-bike
31、.(04)2.The other day,my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.(04)4.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(04)5.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough.(05)6.A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.(04)7.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.8.The way he did it was different from _ we were used to.(05)